千早ぶ

Japanese
Kanji in this term
千 早
ち
Grade: 1		 はや
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Etymology

From Old Japanese.

Shift from classical verb 逸早ぶ (ichihayabu, “to move or act quickly and strongly”).

Compare the development of 茨 (ibara, “bramble”) → 薔薇 (bara, “rose”).

Verb

千早ぶ (intransitive, kami nidan conjugation, hiragana ちはやぶ, rōmaji chihayabu)

  1. (archaic) to move or act ferociously, with terrible godly power
    • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 2, poem 199), text here
      ...鶏 (とり)之 (が)鳴 (なく)吾 (あ)妻 (づま)乃 (の)國 (くに)之 (の)御 (み)軍士 (いくさ)乎 (を)喚 (めし)賜 (たまひ)而 (て)千 (ち)磐 (は)破 (やぶる)人 (ひと)乎 (を)和 (やは)為 (せ)跡 (と)不奉仕 (まつろはぬ)國 (くに)乎 (を)治 (をさめ)跡 (と)... [Man'yōgana]
      ...鶏 (とり)が鳴 (な)く東 (あづま)の国 (くに)の御 (み)軍 (いくさ)を召 (め)したまひてちはやぶる人 (ひと)を和 (やは)せと奉 (まつ)ろはぬ国 (くに)を治 (をさ)めと... [Modern spelling]
      ...tori ga naku azuma no kuni no mi-ikusa o meshi-tamaite chihayaburu hito o yawase to matsurowanu kuni o osame to...
      ...let us summon the glorious troops from the Eastern Lands where birds cry to vanquish the unruly peoples and conquer the defiant lands.[1]

Conjugation
Classical conjugation of "千早ぶ" (バ行上二段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 千早びちはやびtifayabi
Continuative (連用形) 千早びちはやびtifayabi
Terminal (終止形) 千早ぶちはやぶtifayabu
Attributive (連体形) 千早ぶるちはやぶるtifayaburu
Realis (已然形) 千早ぶれちはやぶれtifayabure
Imperative (命令形) 千早びよちはやびよtifayabiyo
Key constructions
Negative 千早びずちはやびずtifayabizu
Contrasting conjunction 千早ぶれどちはやぶれどtifayaburedo
Causal conjunction 千早ぶればちはやぶればtifayabureba
Conditional conjunction 千早びばちはやびばtifayabiba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 千早びきちはやびきtifayabiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 千早びけりちはやびけりtifayabikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 千早びつちはやびつtifayabitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 千早びぬちはやびぬtifayabinu
Perfect-continuative tense 千早びたりちはやびたりtifayabitari

Derived terms

References
  1. Haruo Shirane, editor (2012) Traditional Japanese Literature: An Anthology, Beginnings to 1600 (Translations from the Asian classics), abridged, illustrated edition, Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page 48
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