働く

Japanese
Kanji in this term
働
はたら
Grade: 4
kun’yomi

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) はたらく [hàtárákú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • IPA(key): [ha̠ta̠ɾa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

Verb

働く (godan conjugation, hiragana はたらく, rōmaji hataraku)

  1. to work at a job, to labour (US labor)
    1 (じゅ)0 (う)時 (じ)まで働 (はたら)く積 (つ)もりだ。
    Jū-ji made hataraku tsumori da.
    I intend to work until 10 o'clock.
  2. to work properly, to operate, to function; to carry out one's function, to be effective, to come into play
    スイッチが働 (はたら)いてない。
    Suitchi ga hataraitenai.
    The switch isn't working.
  3. to perpetrate or commit a crime
    彼女 (かのじょ)は盗 (ぬす)みを働 (はたら)く。
    kanojo wa nusumi o hataraku.
    She commits theft.
  4. (grammar) to conjugate; to inflect; to decline

Conjugation
Conjugation of "働く" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 働か はたらか hataraka
Continuative (連用形) 働き はたらき hataraki
Terminal (終止形) 働く はたらく hataraku
Attributive (連体形) 働く はたらく hataraku
Hypothetical (仮定形) 働け はたらけ hatarake
Imperative (命令形) 働け はたらけ hatarake
Key constructions
Passive 働かれる はたらかれる hatarakareru
Causative 働かせる
働かす		 はたらかせる
はたらかす		 hatarakaseru
hatarakasu
Potential 働ける はたらける hatarakeru
Volitional 働こう はたらこう hatarakō
Negative 働かない はたらかない hatarakanai
Negative continuative 働かず はたらかず hatarakazu
Formal 働きます はたらきます hatarakimasu
Perfective 働いた はたらいた hataraita
Conjunctive 働いて はたらいて hataraite
Hypothetical conditional 働けば はたらけば hatarakeba

References
  1. Hirayama, Tetsuo (1960) 全国アクセント辞典 (Nationwide Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: 東京堂,.
  • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
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