たい

See also: だい and タイ

Japanese

Etymology 1

Descended from Old Japanese たし (tasi).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ta̠i]
  • In Tokyo speech, the accent of the verb construction depends on the suffixed verb:[1]
    • If the suffixed verb is accented, the accent falls on the first mora in the suffix: つく​る [tsùkúꜜrù] (Nakadaka) → つくりた​い [tsùkúrítáꜜì] (Nakadaka)
    • If the suffixed verb is non-accented and the suffix is in the dictionary form (nonpast), the result is either non-accented or accented on the first mora of the suffix: あそぶ [àsóbú] (Heiban) → あそびたい [àsóbítáí] (Heiban) or あそびた​い [àsóbítáꜜì] (Nakadaka). Further conjugation is based on the accented version.

Suffix

たい (rōmaji -tai)

  1. (jodōshi) Used to form the desiderative of verbs: want (to do); hope (to do)
    読 (よ)みたいなら貸 (か)すよ
    yomitai nara kasu yo
    If you want to read it, I can lend it to you.
    彼 (かれ)は注目 (ちゅうもく)されたい
    kare wa chūmoku saretai
    He wants to gain other people's attention.
    アイスが食 (た)べたい
    aisu ga tabetai
    I want to eat ice cream.
  2. (jodōshi) (only with verb ある, である and honorifics) Expressing a wish of the speaker: I hope that; I wish that
    正直者 (しょうじきもの)がばかを見 (み)ない世 (よ)の中 (なか)でありたい
    shōjikimono ga baka o minai yo no naka dearitai
    I wish in this world the honest people would not suffer losses.
    別表 (べっぴょう)を参照 (さんしょう)されたい
    beppyō o sanshō saretai
    Please see the appendix table.

Inflection
Inflection of たい
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) たかろ takaro
Continuative (連用形) たく taku
Terminal (終止形) たい tai
Attributive (連体形) たい tai
Hypothetical (仮定形) たけれ takere
Imperative (命令形) たかれ takare
Key constructions
Informal negative たくない taku nai
Informal past たかった takatta
Informal negative past たくなかった taku nakatta
Formal たいです tai desu
Formal negative たくないです taku nai desu
Formal past たかったです takatta desu
Formal negative past たくなかったです taku nakatta desu
Conjunctive たくて takute
Conditional たければ takereba
Provisional たかったら takattara
Volitional たかろう takarō
Adverbial たく taku
Degree たさ tasa
Classical conjugation of "たし" (ク活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) たく[1]
たから[2]		taku
takara
Continuative (連用形) たく[1]
たかり[2]		taku
takari
Terminal (終止形) たしtasi
Attributive (連体形) たき
たかる		taki
takaru
Realis (已然形) たけれtakere
Imperative (命令形) たかれtakare
Key constructions
Negative たからずtakarazu
Contrasting conjunction たけれどtakeredo
Causal conjunction たければtakereba
Conditional conjunction たくばtakuba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) たかりきtakariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) たかりけりtakarikeri
Adverbial たくtaku
[1]Without auxiliary verb.
[2]With auxiliary verb.

Usage notes
  • Attaches to the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verbs. The result is conjugated like an adjective (形容詞) but allows for the combination with nominal particles such as を, unlike regular adjectives.
    死 (し)にたくない ― shinitaku nai ― do not want to die
    それを食 (た)べたかった。 ― sore o tabetakatta. ― I wanted to eat that.
  • Except for sense 2 (see above), たい does not express the meaning "someone wants other people to do something". In that case, 欲しい is usually used instead. Compare:
    彼女 (かのじょ)は帰 (かえ)りたい
    kanojo wa kaeritai
    She wants to go home.
    彼女 (かのじょ)は帰 (かえ)ってほしい
    kanojo wa kaette hoshii
    I hope she could go home.
  • Verb with たい can sometimes mark the grammatical object with が, besides the normal object marker を.
    アイスが食 (た)べたい
    aisu ga tabetai
    I want to eat ice cream.
    アイスを食 (た)べたい
    aisu o tabetai
    I want to eat ice cream.
  • The kanji spelling 度い is obsolete.

See also

Etymology 2
For pronunciation and definitions of たい – see the following entries.
【体】2
[counter]counter for humanoid objects
[noun]body
[noun]form
[noun](algebra) field (commutative ring with invertible nonzero elements)
【袋】S
【鯛】J
[noun]sea bream (fish of the family Sparidae); porgy
[noun]specifically, the 真 (ま)鯛 (だ) (mada, “red sea bream”)
[proper noun]a surname​.
【田井】
【田居】
【体】2
[counter]counter for humanoid objects
[noun]body
[noun]form
[noun](algebra) field (commutative ring with invertible nonzero elements)
【対】3
[conjunction]versus
[counter]items that come in pairs
[counter]sets of furniture etc.
【胎】S
[noun]womb
【堆】S
【敦】J
[noun]dui (vessel)
[proper noun]A male given name
【隊】4
【態】5
[noun](grammar) voice - a particular mode of inflecting or conjugating verbs, or a particular form of a verb, by means of which is indicated the relation of the subject of the verb to the action which the verb expresses.
[suffix](grammar) voice, diathesis
【他意】
[noun]other intention
[noun]ulterior motive
【泰】S
(This term, たい, is the hiragana spelling of several Sino-Japanese terms.)
For a list of all kanji with on'yomi たい, not just those used in Sino-Japanese terms, see Category:Japanese kanji with on reading たい.

References
  1. Online Japanese Accent Dictionary (OJAD)
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