ここ

See also: こご and ごご

Japanese

⟨ko₂ko₂⟩ → /koko/

ここ (rōmaji koko)

(deictically) this place, area, or part (near the speaker). Can be juxtaposed with a phrase with で (de) or に (ni).
- 1985 December 20, Watanabe, Taeko, “第だい四十八話わ　家か族ぞく Ⅰ [Chapter 48: Family Ⅰ]”, in ファミリー！ [Family!], volume 11 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 72:
  
  シアトルからＬ (こ)Ａ (こ)へは…息 (むす)子 (こ)を尋 (たず)ねてきました…ぼくは———ジョナサン・アレンの父 (ちち)親 (おや)です
  Shiatoru kara koko e wa… musuko o tazunetekimashita …Boku wa ———Jonasan Aren no chichioya desu
  I came here from Seattle… to look for my son …I am ———Jonathan Allen’s father
- 2004 August 17, CLAMP, “Chapitreシャピトル.46 夢ゆめの世せ界かい [Chapitre.46 Dream World]”, in ツバサＲＥＳＥＲＶｏｉｒＣＨＲｏＮｉＣＬＥ [Tsubasa: RESERVoir CHRoNiCLE], volume 7 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN, page 91:
  
  ここは桜花 (エドニス)国 (こく)にある妖精遊園地 (フェアリーパーク)
  Koko wa Edonisu-koku ni aru Fearī Pāku
  This is Fairy Park of Edonis
(deictically) this organization or team (near the speaker). Can be juxtaposed with a phrase with で (de) or に (ni).
(anaphorically) this place, area, or part I am talking about (only the speaker knows).
(anaphorically) this organization or team I am talking about (only the speaker knows).

Kanji spellings include 此処, 此所, 是, 爰, 茲, but this term is now usually spelled in hiragana, as ここ.

	ko- “this” (close to speaker)	so- “that” (close to listener)	a- “that over there” (far from both)	do- “which” (indeterminate, question)
Object	これ (kore)	それ (sore)	あれ (are)	どれ (dore)
Object	これら (korera)	それら (sorera)	あれら (arera)	—
Determiner	この (kono)	その (sono)	あの (ano)	どの (dono)
Determiner	これらの (korera no)	それらの (sorera no)	あれらの (arera no)	—
Kind	こんな (konna)	そんな (sonna)	あんな (anna)	どんな (donna)
Place	ここ (koko)	そこ (soko)	あそこ (asoko)*	どこ (doko)
Direction	こちら (kochira)	そちら (sochira)	あちら (achira)	どちら (dochira)
Direction	こっち (kotchi)	そっち (sotchi)	あっち (atchi)	どっち (dotchi)
Human	こいつ (koitsu)	そいつ (soitsu)	あいつ (aitsu)	どいつ (doitsu)
Manner	こう (kō)	そう (sō)	ああ (ā)**	どう (dō)
* irregular ** regular (long vowel)

Reading of several Sino-Japanese words.

ここ (rōmaji koko)

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