אנוש

Hebrew

Etymology

Root
א־נ־שׁ

From Proto-Semitic *ʾināš-, from Proto-Afro-Asiatic *nVs-. Max Wagner thinks it is an old borrowing from Aramaic אֱינָשׁ (ʾěnāš) under Hebraization of the vocalism.

Noun

אֱנוֹשׁ (enósh) m (no plural forms)

  1. (poetic, mainly used in constructions) human, man, person, mortal
    מַשְׁאַבֵּי אֱנוֹשׁmash'abé enóshhuman resources
    • p. 5th century BCE, Job 7:17, with translation of the English Standard Version:
      מָֽה־אֱנֹושׁ כִּי תְגַדְּלֶנּוּ וְכִי־תָשִׁית אֵלָיו לִבֶּֽךָ׃
      What is man, that you make so much of him, and that you set your heart on him,
    • Psalms 55:13, with translation of the New International Version:
      וְאַתָּה אֱנֹושׁ כְּעֶרְכִּי אַלּוּפִי וּמְיֻדָּֽעִי׃
      But it is you, a man like myself, my companion, my close friend,
    • Psalms 104:15
      וְיַיִן יְשַׂמַּח לְֽבַב־אֱנֹושׁ []
      v'yaín y'samákh leváv-enósh
      and wine will make a person's heart happy
    • a. 175 BCE, Sirach 37:25
      חיי אנוש ימים מספר.
      The days of human life are numbered.
    • a. 1138, Moses ibn Ezra, [אֱמֶת, תַּאְווֹת אֱנוֹשׁ מַיִם עֲמֻקִּים]
      אֱמֶת, תַּאְווֹת אֱנוֹשׁ מַיִם עֲמֻקִּים / וְחֶפְצָם מִן יְדֵי עַיִשׁ תְּלוּיוֹת –
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    • 1930, Hayim Nahman Bialik, אגדת שלושה וארבעה (נוסח ב):
      מעולם לא דרכה רגל אנוש עפר האי וצי שיט לא קרב אל גבולו, []
      Never has a human foot steped on the dirt of the island and no navy sailed near to its border, []

Usage notes

  • The word is generally used collectively, that is for the whole human race.

Derived terms

  • אֱנוֹשִׁי (enoshí)
  • אֱנוֹשׁוּת (enoshút)
  • בֶּן אֱנוֹשׁ (ben enósh)
  • מַשְׁאַבֵּי אֱנוֹשׁ (mash'abé enósh)
  • יַחֲסֵי אֱנוֹשׁ (yakhasé enósh)

Proper noun

אֱנוֹשׁ (enósh) m

  1. Enos/Enosh (grandson of Adam)
  2. A male given name: Enosh

Adjective

אָנוּשׁ (anúsh) (feminine אֲנוּשָׁה, masculine plural אֲנוּשִׁים, feminine plural אֲנוּשׁוֹת)

  1. mortal, fatal
  2. badly sick, close to death

Anagrams

References

  • Wagner, Max (1966) Die lexikalischen und grammatikalischen Aramaismen im alttestamentlichen Hebräisch (Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft; 96) (in German), Berlin: Alfred Töpelmann, →ISBN, page 26–27
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