rend
English
Etymology
From Middle English renden, from Old English rendan (“to rend, tear, cut, lacerate, cut down”), from Proto-Germanic *hrandijaną (“to tear”), of uncertain origin. Believed by some to be the causative of Proto-Germanic *hrindaną (“to push”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱret-, *kret- (“to hit, beat”), which would make it related to Old English hrindan (“to thrust, push”). Cognate with Scots rent (“to rend, tear”), Old Frisian renda (“to tear”).
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -ɛnd
Verb
rend (third-person singular simple present rends, present participle rending, simple past and past participle rent or rended)
- (transitive) To separate into parts with force or sudden violence; to split; to burst
- Powder rends a rock in blasting.
- Lightning rends an oak.
- 1610, The Tempest, by Shakespeare, act 1 scene 2
- If thou more murmur'st, I will rend an oak / And peg thee in his knotty entrails till / Thou hast howl'd away twelve winters.
- 1970, Alvin Toffler, Future Shock, Bantam Books, pg. 317:
- We are most vulnerable now to the messages of the new subcults, to the claims and counterclaims that rend the air.
- (transitive) To part or tear off forcibly; to take away by force.
- 1611, King James Version, Job 1:12:
- And when they lifted up their eyes afar off, and knew him not, they lifted up their voice, and wept; and they rent every one his mantle, and sprinkled dust upon their heads toward heaven.
- 1611, King James Version, Job 1:12:
- (intransitive) To be rent or torn; to become parted; to separate; to split.
- Relationships may rend if tempers flare.
Translations
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Noun
rend (plural rends)
- A violent separation of parts.
- 2002, John S. Anderson, A Daughter of Light (page xvi)
- She'd been in a couple of minor car accidents herself, and witnessed a few others, and the rend of metal was unforgettable.
- 2002, John S. Anderson, A Daughter of Light (page xvi)
Albanian
Etymology 1
An early loanword from Proto-Slavic *rędъ ("row, line").[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɾɛnd/
Derived terms
- rendit
- renditje
Etymology 2
From Proto-Albanian *renta from *rena, akin to Gothic 𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (rinnan) and Old Norse rinna (“to run”)[2].
References
- Orel, Vladimir (1998), “rend”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, page 368
- Orel, Vladimir (1998), “rend”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, page 386
Danish
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʁɑ̃/
Audio (file)
Hungarian
Etymology
Borrowed from a Slavic language. Ultimately from Proto-Slavic *rędъ. Compare Serbo-Croatian rȇd.[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈrɛnd]
Audio (file) - Hyphenation: rend
Declension
Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | rend | rendek |
accusative | rendet | rendeket |
dative | rendnek | rendeknek |
instrumental | renddel | rendekkel |
causal-final | rendért | rendekért |
translative | renddé | rendekké |
terminative | rendig | rendekig |
essive-formal | rendként | rendekként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | rendben | rendekben |
superessive | renden | rendeken |
adessive | rendnél | rendeknél |
illative | rendbe | rendekbe |
sublative | rendre | rendekre |
allative | rendhez | rendekhez |
elative | rendből | rendekből |
delative | rendről | rendekről |
ablative | rendtől | rendektől |
Possessive forms of rend | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | rendem | rendjeim |
2nd person sing. | rended | rendjeid |
3rd person sing. | rendje | rendjei |
1st person plural | rendünk | rendjeink |
2nd person plural | rendetek | rendjeitek |
3rd person plural | rendjük | rendjeik |
Derived terms
References
- Zaicz, Gábor. Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (’Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN