kala

Albanian

Kalaja në Krujë - Krujë Castle

Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish [Term?], from Persian قلعه (qal'e), from Arabic قَلْعَة (qalʿa).

Pronunciation

  • (Tosk) IPA(key): /kala/

Noun

kala f (indefinite plural kala, definite singular kalaja)

  1. castle, fortress



Balinese

Romanization

kala

  1. Romanization of ᬓᬮ
  2. Romanization of ᬓᬵᬮ
  3. Romanization of ᬓᬮᬵ

Chamicuro

Noun

kala

  1. nothing

Adverb

kala

  1. no, not

Cornish

Noun

kala

  1. straw (collective)

Estonian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *kala, from Proto-Uralic *kala.

Noun

kala (genitive kala, partitive kala)

  1. fish

Declension

Derived terms


Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *kala, from Proto-Uralic *kala. Cognates include Northern Sami guolli, Ter Sami kɨllˈe, and Hungarian hal.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈkɑlɑ/, [ˈkɑlɑ]
  • Rhymes: -ɑlɑ
  • Hyphenation: ka‧la

Noun

kala

  1. fish
    Hauki on kala.
    A pike is a fish.
    Syön usein kalaa.
    I often eat fish.
    Tässä järvessä on paljon kalaa.
    There's lots of fish in this lake.
  2. (idiomatic, in locational cases and expressions) fishing (as a personal activity, used with the verbs olla (to be) and mennä (to go), lähteä (to leave), and käydä (to go and come back))
    olla kalassato be fishing
    käydä kalassato go fishing (and come back)
    mennä kalaanto go fishing
    lähteä kalaanto (leave and) go fishing
    lähteä kalalleto (leave and) go fishing
    Käytkö usein kalassa?
    Do you often go fishing?
  3. (in compounds) seafood
    Mennään kalaravintolaan.
    Let's go to a seafood restaurant.

Declension

Inflection of kala (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
nominative kala kalat
genitive kalan kalojen
partitive kalaa kaloja
illative kalaan kaloihin
singular plural
nominative kala kalat
accusative nom. kala kalat
gen. kalan
genitive kalan kalojen
kalainrare
partitive kalaa kaloja
inessive kalassa kaloissa
elative kalasta kaloista
illative kalaan kaloihin
adessive kalalla kaloilla
ablative kalalta kaloilta
allative kalalle kaloille
essive kalana kaloina
translative kalaksi kaloiksi
instructive kaloin
abessive kalatta kaloitta
comitative kaloineen

Derived terms

Compounds


Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse kala.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈkʰaːla/
    • Rhymes: -aːla

Verb

kala (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative kól, third-person plural past indicative kólu, supine kalið)

  1. (impersonal) to become frostbitten
    Mig kól á tám.
    My toes became frostbitten.

Conjugation


Indonesian

Etymology 1

From Malay kala, from Sanskrit काल (kāla, time).

Noun

kala (plural kala-kala, first-person possessive kalaku, second-person possessive kalamu, third-person possessive kalanya)

  1. any member of scorpiones order
  2. epoch
  3. time
  4. (linguistics, grammar) tense
Synonyms
Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Malay kala, from Javanese ꦏꦭ (kala, stinging animal).

Noun

kala (plural kala-kala, first-person possessive kalaku, second-person possessive kalamu, third-person possessive kalanya)

  1. (obsolete) scorpion
Synonyms
  • kalajengking

Etymology 3

Unknown

Noun

kala (plural kala-kala, first-person possessive kalaku, second-person possessive kalamu, third-person possessive kalanya)

  1. (obsolete) silk

Etymology 4

Unknown

Noun

kala (plural kala-kala, first-person possessive kalaku, second-person possessive kalamu, third-person possessive kalanya)

  1. (obsolete) snare

Etymology 5

Noun

kala (plural kala-kala, first-person possessive kalaku, second-person possessive kalamu, third-person possessive kalanya)

  1. Obsolete spelling of qada

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *kala, from Proto-Uralic *kala

Noun

kala (genitive kalan, partitive kallaa)

  1. fish

Declension


Javanese

Romanization

Romanization of ꦏꦭ


Karelian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *kala, from Proto-Uralic *kala. Cognates include Northern Sami guolli, Ter Sami kɨllˈe (fish), and Hungarian hal.

Noun

kala (genitive kalan, partitive kalua)

  1. fish

Declension


Latvian

Verb

kala

  1. 3rd person singular past indicative form of kalt
  2. 3rd person plural past indicative form of kalt

Ludian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *kala.

Noun

kala

  1. fish

Malay

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Sanskrit काल (kāla, time).

Noun

kala (Jawi spelling کالا, plural kala-kala, informal first-person singular possessive kalaku, impolite second-person singular possessive kalamu, third-person singular possessive kalanya)

  1. time (inevitable passing of events)
  2. time (quantity of availability in time)
  3. time (time of day, as indicated by a clock, etc)
  4. time (particular moment or hour)
  5. time (measurement under some system of the time of day or moment in time)
  6. time (numerical indication of a particular moment in time)
Synonyms

Etymology 2

From Javanese kala (stinging animal).

Noun

kala (Jawi spelling کالا, plural kala-kala, informal first-person singular possessive kalaku, impolite second-person singular possessive kalamu, third-person singular possessive kalanya)

  1. scorpion

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *kalaną, whence also Old English calan. Ultimately from an o-grade present of Proto-Indo-European *gel-

Verb

kala

  1. (impersonal) to freeze
    mik kell
    I freeze; I become frost-bitten

Conjugation

Descendants

References

  • kala in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Polish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈka.la/

Verb

kala

  1. third-person singular present of kalać

Tok Pisin

Etymology

From English color.

Noun

kala

  1. color

Veps

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *kala, from Proto-Uralic *kala.

Noun

kala

  1. fish

Inflection

Inflection of kala
nominative sing. kala
genitive sing. kalan
partitive sing. kalad
partitive plur. kaloid
singular plural
nominative kala kalad
accusative kalan kalad
genitive kalan kaloiden
partitive kalad kaloid
essive-instructive kalan kaloin
translative kalaks kaloikš
inessive kalas kaloiš
elative kalaspäi kaloišpäi
illative ? kaloihe
adessive kalal kaloil
ablative kalalpäi kaloilpäi
allative kalale kaloile
abessive kalata kaloita
comitative kalanke kaloidenke
prolative kaladme kaloidme
approximative I kalanno kaloidenno
approximative II kalannoks kaloidennoks
egressive kalannopäi kaloidennopäi
terminative I ? kaloihesai
terminative II kalalesai kaloilesai
terminative III kalassai
additive I ? kaloihepäi
additive II kalalepäi kaloilepäi

Derived terms

  • kalankazvatai
  • kalankazvatuz
  • kalansuug

References

  • Zajceva, N. G.; Mullonen, M. I. (2007), рыба”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary], Petrozavodsk: Periodika

Votic

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *kala, from Proto-Uralic *kala.

Noun

kala (genitive kalaa, partitive kalaa)

  1. fish

Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

References

  • "kala" in Vadja keele sõnaraamat

Võro

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *kala, from Proto-Uralic *kala.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kɑlɑ/

Noun

kala (genitive kala, partitive kalla)

  1. fish

Inflection


Zigula

Verb

kala

  1. to hunt

Descendants

  • Mbugu: kala

References

  • Maarten Mous, The Making of a Mixed Language: The Case of Ma'a/Mbugu

Zulu

Verb

-kála

  1. to weigh

Inflection

Tone H
Infinitive ukukala
Positive Negative
Infinitive ukukala ukungakali
Imperative
Simple + object concord
Singular kala -kale
Plural kalani -kaleni
Present
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyakala, ngikala engikalayo, engikala ngikala angikali engingakali ngingakali
2nd singular uyakala, ukala okalayo, okala ukala awukali ongakali ungakali
1st plural siyakala, sikala esikalayo, esikala sikala asikali esingakali singakali
2nd plural niyakala, nikala enikalayo, enikala nikala anikali eningakali ningakali
Class 1 uyakala, ukala okalayo, okala ekala akakali ongakali engakali
Class 2 bayakala, bakala abakalayo, abakala bekala abakali abangakali bengakali
Class 3 uyakala, ukala okalayo, okala ukala awukali ongakali ungakali
Class 4 iyakala, ikala ekalayo, ekala ikala ayikali engakali ingakali
Class 5 liyakala, likala elikalayo, elikala likala alikali elingakali lingakali
Class 6 ayakala, akala akalayo, akala ekala awakali angakali engakali
Class 7 siyakala, sikala esikalayo, esikala sikala asikali esingakali singakali
Class 8 ziyakala, zikala ezikalayo, ezikala zikala azikali ezingakali zingakali
Class 9 iyakala, ikala ekalayo, ekala ikala ayikali engakali ingakali
Class 10 ziyakala, zikala ezikalayo, ezikala zikala azikali ezingakali zingakali
Class 11 luyakala, lukala olukalayo, olukala lukala alukali olungakali lungakali
Class 14 buyakala, bukala obukalayo, obukala bukala abukali obungakali bungakali
Class 15 kuyakala, kukala okukalayo, okukala kukala akukali okungakali kungakali
Class 17 kuyakala, kukala okukalayo, okukala kukala akukali okungakali kungakali
Recent past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngikalile, ngikalē engikalile, engikalē ngikalile, ngikalē angikalanga engingakalanga ngingakalanga
2nd singular ukalile, ukalē okalile, okalē ukalile, ukalē awukalanga ongakalanga ungakalanga
1st plural sikalile, sikalē esikalile, esikalē sikalile, sikalē asikalanga esingakalanga singakalanga
2nd plural nikalile, nikalē enikalile, enikalē nikalile, nikalē anikalanga eningakalanga ningakalanga
Class 1 ukalile, ukalē okalile, okalē ekalile, ekalē akakalanga ongakalanga engakalanga
Class 2 bakalile, bakalē abakalile, abakalē bekalile, bekalē abakalanga abangakalanga bengakalanga
Class 3 ukalile, ukalē okalile, okalē ukalile, ukalē awukalanga ongakalanga ungakalanga
Class 4 ikalile, ikalē ekalile, ekalē ikalile, ikalē ayikalanga engakalanga ingakalanga
Class 5 likalile, likalē elikalile, elikalē likalile, likalē alikalanga elingakalanga lingakalanga
Class 6 akalile, akalē akalile, akalē ekalile, ekalē awakalanga angakalanga engakalanga
Class 7 sikalile, sikalē esikalile, esikalē sikalile, sikalē asikalanga esingakalanga singakalanga
Class 8 zikalile, zikalē ezikalile, ezikalē zikalile, zikalē azikalanga ezingakalanga zingakalanga
Class 9 ikalile, ikalē ekalile, ekalē ikalile, ikalē ayikalanga engakalanga ingakalanga
Class 10 zikalile, zikalē ezikalile, ezikalē zikalile, zikalē azikalanga ezingakalanga zingakalanga
Class 11 lukalile, lukalē olukalile, olukalē lukalile, lukalē alukalanga olungakalanga lungakalanga
Class 14 bukalile, bukalē obukalile, obukalē bukalile, bukalē abukalanga obungakalanga bungakalanga
Class 15 kukalile, kukalē okukalile, okukalē kukalile, kukalē akukalanga okungakalanga kungakalanga
Class 17 kukalile, kukalē okukalile, okukalē kukalile, kukalē akukalanga okungakalanga kungakalanga
Remote past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngākala engākala ngākala angikalanga engingakalanga ngingakalanga
2nd singular wākala owākala wākala awukalanga ongakalanga ungakalanga
1st plural sākala esākala sākala asikalanga esingakalanga singakalanga
2nd plural nākala enākala nākala anikalanga eningakalanga ningakalanga
Class 1 wākala owākala ākala akakalanga ongakalanga engakalanga
Class 2 bākala abākala bākala abakalanga abangakalanga bengakalanga
Class 3 wākala owākala wākala awukalanga ongakalanga ungakalanga
Class 4 yākala eyākala yākala ayikalanga engakalanga ingakalanga
Class 5 lākala elākala lākala alikalanga elingakalanga lingakalanga
Class 6 ākala ākala ākala awakalanga angakalanga engakalanga
Class 7 sākala esākala sākala asikalanga esingakalanga singakalanga
Class 8 zākala ezākala zākala azikalanga ezingakalanga zingakalanga
Class 9 yākala eyākala yākala ayikalanga engakalanga ingakalanga
Class 10 zākala ezākala zākala azikalanga ezingakalanga zingakalanga
Class 11 lwākala olwākala lwākala alukalanga olungakalanga lungakalanga
Class 14 bākala obākala bākala abukalanga obungakalanga bungakalanga
Class 15 kwākala okwākala kwākala akukalanga okungakalanga kungakalanga
Class 17 kwākala okwākala kwākala akukalanga okungakalanga kungakalanga
Potential
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngingakala ngingakala ngingekale ngingekale
2nd singular ungakala ungakala ungekale ungekale
1st plural singakala singakala singekale singekale
2nd plural ningakala ningakala ningekale ningekale
Class 1 angakala engakala angekale engekale
Class 2 bangakala bengakala bangekale bengekale
Class 3 ungakala ungakala ungekale ungekale
Class 4 ingakala ingakala ingekale ingekale
Class 5 lingakala lingakala lingekale lingekale
Class 6 angakala engakala angekale engekale
Class 7 singakala singakala singekale singekale
Class 8 zingakala zingakala zingekale zingekale
Class 9 ingakala ingakala ingekale ingekale
Class 10 zingakala zingakala zingekale zingekale
Class 11 lungakala lungakala lungekale lungekale
Class 14 bungakala bungakala bungekale bungekale
Class 15 kungakala kungakala kungekale kungekale
Class 17 kungakala kungakala kungekale kungekale
Immediate future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngizokala engizokala ngizokala angizukala engingezukala ngingezukala
2nd singular uzokala ozokala uzokala awuzukala ongezukala ungezukala
1st plural sizokala esizokala sizokala asizukala esingezukala singezukala
2nd plural nizokala enizokala nizokala anizukala eningezukala ningezukala
Class 1 uzokala ozokala ezokala akazukala ongezukala engezukala
Class 2 bazokala abazokala bezokala abazukala abangezukala bengezukala
Class 3 uzokala ozokala uzokala awuzukala ongezukala ungezukala
Class 4 izokala ezokala izokala ayizukala engezukala ingezukala
Class 5 lizokala elizokala lizokala alizukala elingezukala lingezukala
Class 6 azokala azokala ezokala awazukala angezukala engezukala
Class 7 sizokala esizokala sizokala asizukala esingezukala singezukala
Class 8 zizokala ezizokala zizokala azizukala ezingezukala zingezukala
Class 9 izokala ezokala izokala ayizukala engezukala ingezukala
Class 10 zizokala ezizokala zizokala azizukala ezingezukala zingezukala
Class 11 luzokala oluzokala luzokala aluzukala olungezukala lungezukala
Class 14 buzokala obuzokala buzokala abuzukala obungezukala bungezukala
Class 15 kuzokala okuzokala kuzokala akuzukala okungezukala kungezukala
Class 17 kuzokala okuzokala kuzokala akuzukala okungezukala kungezukala
Remote future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyokala engiyokala ngiyokala angiyukala engingeyukala ngingeyukala
2nd singular uyokala oyokala uyokala awuyukala ongeyukala ungeyukala
1st plural siyokala esiyokala siyokala asiyukala esingeyukala singeyukala
2nd plural niyokala eniyokala niyokala aniyukala eningeyukala ningeyukala
Class 1 uyokala oyokala eyokala akayukala ongeyukala engeyukala
Class 2 bayokala abayokala beyokala abayukala abangeyukala bengeyukala
Class 3 uyokala oyokala uyokala awuyukala ongeyukala ungeyukala
Class 4 iyokala eyokala iyokala ayiyukala engeyukala ingeyukala
Class 5 liyokala eliyokala liyokala aliyukala elingeyukala lingeyukala
Class 6 ayokala ayokala eyokala awayukala angeyukala engeyukala
Class 7 siyokala esiyokala siyokala asiyukala esingeyukala singeyukala
Class 8 ziyokala eziyokala ziyokala aziyukala ezingeyukala zingeyukala
Class 9 iyokala eyokala iyokala ayiyukala engeyukala ingeyukala
Class 10 ziyokala eziyokala ziyokala aziyukala ezingeyukala zingeyukala
Class 11 luyokala oluyokala luyokala aluyukala olungeyukala lungeyukala
Class 14 buyokala obuyokala buyokala abuyukala obungeyukala bungeyukala
Class 15 kuyokala okuyokala kuyokala akuyukala okungeyukala kungeyukala
Class 17 kuyokala okuyokala kuyokala akuyukala okungeyukala kungeyukala
Present subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngikale ngingakali
2nd singular ukale ungakali
1st plural sikale singakali
2nd plural nikale ningakali
Class 1 akale angakali
Class 2 bakale bangakali
Class 3 ukale ungakali
Class 4 ikale ingakali
Class 5 likale lingakali
Class 6 akale angakali
Class 7 sikale singakali
Class 8 zikale zingakali
Class 9 ikale ingakali
Class 10 zikale zingakali
Class 11 lukale lungakali
Class 14 bukale bungakali
Class 15 kukale kungakali
Class 17 kukale kungakali
Past subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngakala ngangakala, angakala, angangakala
2nd singular wakala wangakala, awakala, awangakala
1st plural sakala sangakala, asakala, asangakala
2nd plural nakala nangakala, anakala, anangakala
Class 1 wakala wangakala, akakala, akangakala
Class 2 bakala bangakala, abakala, abangakala
Class 3 wakala wangakala, awakala, awangakala
Class 4 yakala yangakala, ayakala, ayangakala
Class 5 lakala langakala, alakala, alangakala
Class 6 akala angakala, awakala, awangakala
Class 7 sakala sangakala, asakala, asangakala
Class 8 zakala zangakala, azakala, azangakala
Class 9 yakala yangakala, ayakala, ayangakala
Class 10 zakala zangakala, azakala, azangakala
Class 11 lwakala lwangakala, alwakala, alwangakala
Class 14 bakala bangakala, abakala, abangakala
Class 15 kwakala kwangakala, akwakala, akwangakala
Class 17 kwakala kwangakala, akwakala, akwangakala

References

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