idiom
English
Etymology
From Middle French idiome, and its source, Late Latin idioma, from Ancient Greek ἰδίωμα (idíōma, “a peculiarity, property, a peculiar phraseology, idiom”), from ἰδιοῦσθαι (idioûsthai, “to make one's own, appropriate to oneself”), from ἴδιος (ídios, “one's own, pertaining to oneself, private, personal, peculiar, separate”).
Pronunciation
- (UK) IPA(key): /ˈɪdɪəm/
Audio (GB) (file) Audio (US) (file)
Noun
idiom (countable and uncountable, plural idioms or idiomata)
- A manner of speaking, a mode of expression peculiar to a language, person, or group of people.
- A language or language variety; specifically, a restricted dialect used in a given historical period, context etc.
- 2010, Christopher Hitchens, "The Other L-Word", Vanity Fair, 13 Jan 2010:
- Many parents and teachers have become irritated to the point of distraction at the way the weed-style growth of "like" has spread through the idiom of the young.
- 2010, Christopher Hitchens, "The Other L-Word", Vanity Fair, 13 Jan 2010:
- An established expression whose meaning is not deducible from the literal meanings of its component words, often peculiar to a given language.
- 2008, Patricia Hampl, “You’re History”, in Patricia Hampl and Elaine Tyler May (editors), Tell Me True: Memoir, History, and Writing a Life, Minnesota Historical Society, →ISBN, page 134:
- You’re history, we say […] . Surely it is an American idiom. Impossible to imagine a postwar European saying, “You’re history. . . . That’s history,” meaning fuhgeddaboudit, pal.
- 2008, Patricia Hampl, “You’re History”, in Patricia Hampl and Elaine Tyler May (editors), Tell Me True: Memoir, History, and Writing a Life, Minnesota Historical Society, →ISBN, page 134:
- An artistic style (for example, in art, architecture, or music); an instance of such a style.
- (programming) A programming construct or phraseology that is characteristic of the language.
- 2005, Magnus Lie Hetland, Beginning Python: From Novice to Professional, →ISBN, page 100:
- I have to use the same assignment and call to raw_input in two places. How can I avoid that? I can use the while True/break idiom: […]
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Synonyms
- (language variety): lect, languoid, dialect (loosely), vernacular (loosely), language (loosely)
- (phrase): expression (loosely), form of words (loosely), phrase (loosely), locution (loosely)
Derived terms
Derived terms
Related terms
Translations
manner of speaking
language variety
idiomatic expression
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distinct style of art, etc
instance of such style
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See also
- Category:Idioms by language
Further reading
- American idioms - a comprehensive list of idioms, browsable through alphabetical links. Includes parts of speech, definitions and example sentences.
- English and American Idioms - RSS subscription channel
- Glossary of Linguistics
- Today's English Idioms at GoEnglish.com
- idiom in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
- idiom in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
Czech
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈɪdɪjom]
Noun
idiom m
- idiom (established expression whose meaning is not deducible from the literal meanings of its component words)
- 1972, Nový orient:
- Před běžným „Nashledanou", které Peršané vyjadřují slovy „nechť je Bůh vaším opatrovníkem", dáme přednost idiomu „vaše laskavost nebo pozornost je (byla) nesmírná" nebo „nechť se vysoká laskavost nezmenší" ...
- 1985, Studie a práce linguistické:
- Stejně málo významné byly pro IF pokusy přiblížit význam idiomů ve vágních pojmech přenesenosti, obraznosti, průhlednosti apod.
- 1996, Časopis pro moderní filologii:
- Trochu konzervativní český uživatel Schemannova slovníku bude možná zpočátku postrádat u některých idiomů jejich vysvětlení, jak byl zvyklý kupříkladu z dosud (do r. 1993) nejobsažnějšího slovníku tohoto typu ...
- 2005, Zdeněk Stříbrný, Proud času:
- Vyjádřil to pěkným anglickým idiomem „They have added insult to your injury“.
- 2014, František Čermák, Jazyk a slovník. Vybrané lingvistické studie:
- U idiomů pak můžeme postulovat existenci především početných sekundárních symbolů (otevřená hlava), popř. ikonů (kamenný obličej), méně často však už sekundárních indexů (co do, kór když).
- 1972, Nový orient:
Further reading
- idiom in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
- idiom in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
- idiom in Akademický slovník cizích slov, 1995, at prirucka.ujc.cas.cz
- idiom in Nový encyklopedický slovník češtiny, czechency.org
- Česká frazeologie, Naše řeč (1984)
Indonesian
Noun
idiom (plural idiom-idiom, first-person possessive idiomku, second-person possessive idiommu, third-person possessive idiomnya)
Further reading
- “idiom” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Daring, Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 2016.
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈid.jɔm/
audio (file)
Noun
idiom m inan
Serbo-Croatian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /idǐoːm/
- Hyphenation: i‧di‧om
Noun
idìōm m (Cyrillic spelling идѝо̄м)
- idiom (idiomatic expression)
- idiom (artistic style)
- (linguistics) idiom (language or language variety)
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