iacio

Latin

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *jakjō (“throw (down?)”), from Proto-Indo-European *(H)yeh₁- (“to throw, let go”). Compare iaceō.

Cognate with Ancient Greek ἵημι (híēmi, “to send, throw”).

Pronunciation

Verb

iaciō (present infinitive iacere, perfect active iēcī, supine iactum); third conjugation iō-variant

  1. I throw, hurl, cast, fling; throw away
    Alea iacta est. ― The die has been cast.
    Synonyms: iaculor, lībrō, mittō
  2. I lay, set, establish, build, found, construct, erect
  3. I send forth, emit; bring forth, produce
    Synonyms: ēmittō, mittō
  4. I scatter, sow, throw
  5. (as a shadow) I project
  6. (figuratively) I throw out in speaking, let fall, utter, mention, declare

Inflection
   Conjugation of iacio (third conjugation iō-variant)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present iaciō iacis iacit iacimus iacitis iaciunt
imperfect iaciēbam iaciēbās iaciēbat iaciēbāmus iaciēbātis iaciēbant
future iaciam iaciēs iaciet iaciēmus iaciētis iacient
perfect iēcī iēcistī iēcit iēcimus iēcistis iēcērunt, iēcēre
pluperfect iēceram iēcerās iēcerat iēcerāmus iēcerātis iēcerant
future perfect iēcerō iēceris iēcerit iēcerimus iēceritis iēcerint
passive present iacior iaceris, iacere iacitur iacimur iaciminī iaciuntur
imperfect iaciēbar iaciēbāris, iaciēbāre iaciēbātur iaciēbāmur iaciēbāminī iaciēbantur
future iaciar iaciēris, iaciēre iaciētur iaciēmur iaciēminī iacientur
perfect iactus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect iactus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect iactus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present iaciam iaciās iaciat iaciāmus iaciātis iaciant
imperfect iacerem iacerēs iaceret iacerēmus iacerētis iacerent
perfect iēcerim iēcerīs iēcerit iēcerimus iēceritis iēcerint
pluperfect iēcissem iēcissēs iēcisset iēcissēmus iēcissētis iēcissent
passive present iaciar iaciāris, iaciāre iaciātur iaciāmur iaciāminī iaciantur
imperfect iacerer iacerēris, iacerēre iacerētur iacerēmur iacerēminī iacerentur
perfect iactus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect iactus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — iace — — iacite —
future — iacitō iacitō — iacitōte iaciuntō
passive present — iacere — — iaciminī —
future — iacitor iacitor — — iaciuntor
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives iacere iēcisse iactūrus esse iacī iactus esse iactum īrī
participles iaciēns — iactūrus — iactus iaciendus
verbal nouns gerund supine
nominative genitive dative/ablative accusative accusative ablative
iacere iaciendī iaciendō iaciendum iactum iactū

Derived terms

References
  • iacio in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • iacio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
  • Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • (ambiguous) to be broken down by misfortune: in malis iacere
    • (ambiguous) to let fall an expression: voces iacere (Sall. Iug. 11)
    • (ambiguous) to use threats: minas iacere, iactare
    • (ambiguous) to lay the foundations: fundamenta iacere, agere
    • (ambiguous) to discharge missiles: tela iacere, conicere, mittere
    • (ambiguous) to be out of range: extra teli iactum, coniectum esse
    • (ambiguous) to raise a rampart, earthwork: vallum iacere, exstruere, facere
    • (ambiguous) to drop anchor: ancoras iacere

Further reading
  • jacio in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill
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