citizen
See also: Citizen
English
Alternative forms
- cytesin (obsolete)
Etymology
From Middle English citeseyn, citezein, borrowed from Anglo-Norman citesain (“burgher; city-dweller”), citezein &c., probably a variant of cithein under influence of deinzein (“denizen”), from Anglo-Norman and Old French citeain &c. and citaien, citeien &c. ("burgher"; modern French citoyen), from cité ("settlement; cathedral city, city"; modern French cité) + -ain or -ien (“-an, -ian”). See city and hewe.
Noun
citizen (plural citizens)
- (obsolete) A resident of a city or town, particularly:
- (historical) A freeman or burgher: a legally-recognized member of an incorporated city.
- George Eliot
- That large body of the working men who were not counted as citizens and had not so much as a vote to serve as an anodyne to their stomachs.
- George Eliot
- (obsolete) A member of the early modern urban middle class, distinguished from nobles and landed gentry on one side and from peasants, craftsmen, and laborers on the other.
- (Christianity) A resident or future resident of the heavenly city or (later) of the kingdom of God: a Christian; a good Christian.
- (historical) A freeman or burgher: a legally-recognized member of an incorporated city.
- A legally-recognized member of a state, with associated rights and obligations; a person considered in terms of this role, particularly:
- 1990, House of Cards, Season 1, Episode 4:
- Assistant: You'll meet with the managing director and Dr Sinita Brahmachari, the engineer who designed the chair.
Peter Mackenzie: Indian, is he?
Assistant: She is a British citizen, Minister. Born in Coventry.
- Assistant: You'll meet with the managing director and Dr Sinita Brahmachari, the engineer who designed the chair.
- 2012 January 1, Steven Sloman, “The Battle Between Intuition and Deliberation”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 1, page 74:
- Libertarian paternalism is the view that, because the way options are presented to citizens affects what they choose, society should present options in a way that “nudges” our intuitive selves to make choices that are more consistent with what our more deliberative selves would have chosen if they were in control.
- (dated) A member of a state that is not a monarchy.
- Formerly, the citizens of republics were distinguished from the subjects living in kingdoms.
- (historical, usually capitalized) A term of address among French citizens during the French Revolution or towards its supporters elsewhere; (later, dated) a term of address among socialists and communists.
- 1859, Charles Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities, iii, i, 166:
- Citizen, I desire nothing more than to get to Paris.
- 1859, Charles Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities, iii, i, 166:
- 1990, House of Cards, Season 1, Episode 4:
- An inhabitant: a member of any place.
- Diogenes reckoned himself a citizen of the world.
- 1979 October, Boys' Life, p. 33:
- A jellyfish... carries poison cells that can sting other citizens of the sea.
- A private citizen: a civilian, as opposed to a police officer, professional soldier, or other (usually state) group.
- (computing) An object.
Synonyms
- (legally-recognized member of a city): burgess, burgher, freeman
- (member of the early-modern urban middle class): tradesman
- (legally-recognized member of a state): countryman, national
- (term of address among communists): comrade
- (member of a place): resident, denizen, local, inhabitant, native, occupant
Antonyms
- (resident of a city): countryfolk, country gentleman, countryman, peasant, villager
- (legally-recognized member of a state): alien, illegal alien, foreigner; illegal (colloquial)
- (legally-recognized member of a non-monarchal state): subject
- (member of a place): alien, stranger, outsider
Hyponyms
- (legally-recognized member of a city): citess, citizeness (female)
- (legally-recognized member of a state): first-class citizen, second-class citizen, third-class citizen; native; naturalized citizen; senior citizen
- (computing, person who is legally recognized as a member or resident): first-class citizen, second-class citizen, third-class citizen
Derived terms
Derived terms of citizen
- anticitizen
- citizen band, citizens band, citizens' band, CB
- citizendom
- citizeness
- citizenhood
- citizenish
- citizen journalism
- citizen journalist
- citizen king
- citizen life
- citizen-like
- citizenly
- citizen magistrate
- citizen media, citizens' media
- citizen prince
- citizen of nature
- citizen of the world
- citizenry
- Citizens' Advice Bureau, Citizens Advice
- citizen's arrest
- Citizens' Charter
- citizen science
- citizen scientist
- citizenship
- citizen soldier
- citizen sovereign
- private citizen
- world citizen
Related terms
Translations
legal member of a state
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antonym to "subject"
legal resident of a city
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resident of any particular place
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civilian
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout#Translations.
Translations to be checked
References
- Oxford English Dictionary, 3rd ed. "citizen, n. and adj." Oxford University Press (Oxford), 2014.
Anagrams
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