caler
Catalan
Etymology
From Old Occitan caler, from Latin calēre, present active infinitive of caleō.
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -ɛ(ɾ)
French
Etymology
Borrowed from Old Occitan calar, from Ancient Greek χαλάω (khaláō).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ka.le/
Verb
caler
- (transitive) to wedge (open) (a door)
- (transitive) to jam (machinery etc.), to stall (an engine)
- (intransitive) to stall (of driver, engine)
- (transitive) to fill (someone) up
- (intransitive, colloquial) (of person eating) to give up, be full
- (transitive) to synchronize
Conjugation
Conjugation of caler (see also Appendix:French verbs)
present participle | calant /ka.lɑ̃/ | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
past participle | calé /ka.le/ | ||||||
infinitive | |||||||
simple | caler | ||||||
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
gerund1 | |||||||
simple | calant /ka.lɑ̃/ | ||||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | cale /kal/ |
cales /kal/ |
cale /kal/ |
calons /ka.lɔ̃/ |
calez /ka.le/ |
calent /kal/ |
imperfect | calais /ka.lɛ/ |
calais /ka.lɛ/ |
calait /ka.lɛ/ |
calions /ka.ljɔ̃/ |
caliez /ka.lje/ |
calaient /ka.lɛ/ | |
past historic2 | calai /ka.le/ |
calas /ka.la/ |
cala /ka.la/ |
calâmes /ka.lam/ |
calâtes /ka.lat/ |
calèrent /ka.lɛʁ/ | |
future | calerai /kal.ʁe/ |
caleras /kal.ʁa/ |
calera /kal.ʁa/ |
calerons /kal.ʁɔ̃/ |
calerez /kal.ʁe/ |
caleront /kal.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | calerais /kal.ʁɛ/ |
calerais /kal.ʁɛ/ |
calerait /kal.ʁɛ/ |
calerions /ka.lə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
caleriez /ka.lə.ʁje/ |
caleraient /kal.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | cale /kal/ |
cales /kal/ |
cale /kal/ |
calions /ka.ljɔ̃/ |
caliez /ka.lje/ |
calent /kal/ |
imperfect2 | calasse /ka.las/ |
calasses /ka.las/ |
calât /ka.la/ |
calassions /ka.la.sjɔ̃/ |
calassiez /ka.la.sje/ |
calassent /ka.las/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | cale /kal/ |
— | calons /ka.lɔ̃/ |
calez /ka.le/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Further reading
- “caler” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Latin
Occitan
Etymology
From Old Occitan caler, from Latin calēre, present active infinitive of caleō. Compare French chaloir, Franco-Provençal chalêr, Catalan caldre, caler.
Conjugation
Conjugation of caler (defective verb used only in third person)
infinitive | caler | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | calent | ||||||
past participle | calgut | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el/ela | nosautres nos |
vosautres vos |
eles/elas | |
present | — | — | cal | — | — | — | |
imperfect | — | — | caliá | — | — | — | |
future | — | — | calrà | — | — | — | |
preterite | — | — | calguèt | — | — | — | |
conditional | — | — | calriá | — | — | — | |
subjunctive | ieu | tu | el/ela | nosautres nos |
vosautres vos |
eles/elas | |
present | — | — | calga | — | — | — | |
imperfect | — | — | calguèsse | — | — | — | |
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres vos |
— | |
— | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Old Occitan
Verb
caler
- (reflexive, se caler) to care about; to be concerned about
- 12th century, Bernard de Ventadour, Lo gens tems de pascor
- Ela.m ditz no m'en chal.
- She says it to me; I don't care
- Ela.m ditz no m'en chal.
- 12th century, Bernard de Ventadour, Lo gens tems de pascor
References
- von Wartburg, Walther (1928-2002), “calēre”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 20/83
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