< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/śěrъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
- From earlier *xoiro-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱHoy-ro-, from *ḱey- with expressive H. Morphologically *śě- + *-rъ.
- Cognates include Middle Irish cíar (“dark-brown”) (< *ḱey-ro-), Proto-Germanic *hairaz (> Old Norse hárr (“gray-haired”), Old English hār (“gray, gray-haired”)).
- Compare Ancient Greek κιρρός (kirrhós).
- Less likely West Slavic are from earlier *sjēro-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱyeh₁-ro-, from *ḱyeh₁- (“dark-gray”).
- Compare Lithuanian šėmas (< *ḱyeh₁-mó-).
Declension
Indefinite declension of *śěrъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *śěrъ | *śěra | *śěro |
| Accusative | *śěrъ | *śěrǫ | *śěro |
| Genitive | *śěra | *śěry | *śěra |
| Locative | *śěrě | *śěrě | *śěrě |
| Dative | *śěru | *śěrě | *śěru |
| Instrumental | *śěromь | *śěrojǫ | *śěromь |
| Vocative | *śěre | *śěro | *śěro |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *śěra | *śěrě | *śěrě |
| Accusative | *śěra | *śěrě | *śěrě |
| Genitive | *śěru | *śěru | *śěru |
| Locative | *śěru | *śěru | *śěru |
| Dative | *śěroma | *śěrama | *śěroma |
| Instrumental | *śěroma | *śěrama | *śěroma |
| Vocative | *śěra | *śěrě | *śěrě |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *śěri | *śěry | *śěra |
| Accusative | *śěry | *śěry | *śěra |
| Genitive | *śěrъ | *śěrъ | *śěrъ |
| Locative | *śěrěxъ | *śěraxъ | *śěrěxъ |
| Dative | *śěromъ | *śěramъ | *śěromъ |
| Instrumental | *śěry | *śěrami | *śěry |
| Vocative | *śěri | *śěry | *śěra |
Definite declension of *śěrъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *śěrъjь | *śěraja | *śěroje |
| Accusative | *śěrъjь | *śěrǫjǫ | *śěroje |
| Genitive | *śěrajego | *śěryję | *śěrajego |
| Locative | *śěrějemь | *śěrěji | *śěrějemь |
| Dative | *śěrujemu | *śěrěji | *śěrujemu |
| Instrumental | *śěryjimi | *śěrǫjǫ | *śěryjimi |
| Vocative | *śěrъjь | *śěraja | *śěroje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *śěraja | *śěrěji | *śěrěji |
| Accusative | *śěraja | *śěrěji | *śěrěji |
| Genitive | *śěruju | *śěruju | *śěruju |
| Locative | *śěruju | *śěruju | *śěruju |
| Dative | *śěryjima | *śěryjima | *śěryjima |
| Instrumental | *śěryjima | *śěryjima | *śěryjima |
| Vocative | *śěraja | *śěrěji | *śěrěji |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *śěriji | *śěryję | *śěraja |
| Accusative | *śěryję | *śěryję | *śěraja |
| Genitive | *śěrъjixъ | *śěrъjixъ | *śěrъjixъ |
| Locative | *śěryjixъ | *śěryjixъ | *śěryjixъ |
| Dative | *śěryjimъ | *śěryjimъ | *śěryjimъ |
| Instrumental | *śěryjimi | *śěryjimi | *śěryjimi |
| Vocative | *śěriji | *śěryję | *śěraja |
See also
| Colors in Proto-Slavic · *květi (layout · text) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| *bělъ (of animals) *bronъ |
*sivъ, *śěrъ | *čьrnъ (of animals) *vornъ | ||
| *čьrvenъ, *rudъ | *granivъ; *smědъ, *snědъ, *rudъ (of animals) *gnědъ |
*žьltъ (of animals) *solvъ; *polvъ | ||
| *zelenъ | *zelenъ, *grěnъ | |||
| *polvъ | *modrъ, *siňь | |||
| *bagrъ | ||||
Related terms
- *śědъ
- *sivъ (“gray”) (possibly)
Descendants
- Church Slavonic: сѣръ (sěrŭ) (Russian)
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “серый”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress
- Černyx, P. Ja. (1999), “серый”, in Istoriko-etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2, 3rd reprint edition, Moscow: Russkij jazyk, page 158
- https://slovari.yandex.ru/~книги/Этимологический%20словарь/Серый/
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*śěrъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 447: “adj. o ‘grey’”
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