< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/topiti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tapīˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *top-éye-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *tep- (“hot, warm”). Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit तापयति (tāpáyati, “to heat, to torment”), Avestan 𐬙𐬁𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌‎ (tāpaiieiti, “to heat”). See Proto-Indo-European *tep- for more cognates.

Verb

*topìti

  1. to heat
Inflection
Conjugation of *topiti (?, -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*topľenьje *topiti *topitъ *topilъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *topľenъ *topimъ
Active *topľь *topę
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *topixъ*topi*topi *topľǫ*topiši*topitь
Dual *topixově*topista*topiste *topivě*topita*topite
Plural *topixomъ*topiste*topišę *topimъ*topite*topętь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *topľaaxъ*topľaaše*topľaaše —*topi*topi
Dual *topľaaxově*topľaašeta*topľaašete *topivě*topita—
Plural *topľaaxomъ*topľaašete*topľaaxǫ *topimъ*topite—
    Notes:
  • (*)*topivъ is later doublet of past active participle
Descendants
  • East Slavic:
  • South Slavic:
    • Bulgarian: топя́ (topjá, “to melt”)
    • Macedonian: топи (topi)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic: то̀пити (“to melt”), 1sg. то̀пӣм
      Latin: tòpiti (“to melt”), 1sg. tòpīm; se topȉt (“to melt”), 3sg. se tȍpi (Orbanići Chakavian)
    • Slovene: topíti (“to heat, to warm, to melt”), 1sg. topím
  • West Slavic:
    • Czech: topit (“to stoke”)
    • Polish: topić (“to melt, to fuse”), 1sg. topię
    • Slovak: topiť (“to melt”)
    • Sorbian:
      • Lower Sorbian: topiś (“to heat, to smoke, to raise dust”)

References
  • Černyx, P. Ja. (1999), “тёплый”, in Istoriko-etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2, 3rd reprint edition, Moscow: Russkij jazyk, pages 236–237
  • Derksen, Rick (2008), “*topìti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 496
  • Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “топи́ть”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress

Etymology 2

Unclear. Vasmer suggests a possible connection with Old Armenian թաթաւեմ (tʿatʿawem, “to soak (e.g. clothes in blood)”), but notes that it's quite conjectural. Trubachev notes that Zubaty and Stang suggest a connection with Lithuanian tàpti (“to become”).

Verb

*topìti

  1. to drown
Inflection
Conjugation of *topiti (?, -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*topľenьje *topiti *topitъ *topilъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *topľenъ *topimъ
Active *topľь *topę
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *topixъ*topi*topi *topľǫ*topiši*topitь
Dual *topixově*topista*topiste *topivě*topita*topite
Plural *topixomъ*topiste*topišę *topimъ*topite*topętь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *topľaaxъ*topľaaše*topľaaše —*topi*topi
Dual *topľaaxově*topľaašeta*topľaašete *topivě*topita—
Plural *topľaaxomъ*topľaašete*topľaaxǫ *topimъ*topite—
    Notes:
  • (*)*topivъ is later doublet of past active participle
Descendants
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Cyrillic: потопити (potopiti, “to drown, to destroy”), 1sg. потоплѭ (potopljǫ)
      Glagolitic: [Term?]
    • Bulgarian: топя́ (topjá, “to dive, to dunk”)
    • Macedonian: топи (topi)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic: то̀пити (“to flood”), 1sg. то̀пӣм
      Latin: tòpiti (“to flood”), 1sg. tòpīm
      • Chakavian (Orbanići): se topȉt (“to drown”), 3sg. se tȍpi
    • Slovene: topíti (“to sink, to immerse”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. topím (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:
    • Czech: topit (“to drown”)
    • Polish: topić (“to drown, to sink”)
    • Slovak: topiť (“to drown”)
    • Sorbian:
      • Upper Sorbian: topić
      • Lower Sorbian: topiś

References
  • Derksen, Rick (2008), “*topìti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 496
  • Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “топи́ть”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress
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