< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/tep-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Has been derived from Proto-Kartvelian *ṭep-, *ṭp- (“to warm, keep warm”).[1] However, the direction of the borrowing may be opposite, or both forms may be cognates within the controversial Nostratic macrofamily together with Proto-Afro-Asiatic *dp-, *dpr- (“heat, fire”).[2]

Root

*tep- [3]

  1. be warm, be hot

Derived terms
► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Terms_derived_from_the_PIE_root_*tep-' title='Category:Terms derived from the PIE root *tep-'>Terms derived from the PIE root *tep-</a>
  • *tép-e-ti (root present)[3]
    • Indo-Iranian: *tápati
      • Indo-Aryan: *tápati
      • Iranian: *tápati (“to warm up, heat”)[4]
        • Bactrian: ταβ- (tab-, “to impress (a seal); to seal”)
        • Chorasmian: [script needed] (t’BY-, “to heat”)
        • Khotanese: ttavāre (ttavāre)
        • Middle Persian:
          Book Pahlavi: tʾp̄tn' (tāftan), tʾb (tāb-, “to heat, burn (up); to shine”, present stem); tʾp̄k' (tābag) (see there for further descendants)
        • Parthian:
          Manichaean: tʾb- (tāb-, “to shine; to heat”)
  • *tep-éh₁-ye-ti (stative)[3][5]
    • (perhaps) Albanian: *tpē-(h) (analogically reformed after original inchoatives)[6]
      • Albanian: ftoh (by metathesis)
    • Italic: *tepēō[5]
  • *tep-eh₂-yé-ti (denominative)
    • Germanic: *þebōną (see there for further descendants)
  • *tep-sḱé-ti (inchoative)[3]
    • Indo-Iranian: *tapsĉáti
      • Iranian: *tafšáti
        • Avestan: 𐬙𐬀𐬟𐬯𐬀𐬝‎ (tafsat̰)
        • Khotanese: ttaus- (ttaus-)
        • Ossetian:
          Digor: тӕфсун (tæfsun)
          Iron: тӕфсы́н (tæfsýn)
        • Persian: تفسیدن‎ (tafsidan)
  • *tḗp-s-t (s-aorist)[3]
    • Indo-Iranian: *Hátāpst
      • Indo-Aryan: *Hátāpst
        • Sanskrit: अताप्सीत् (átāpsīt)
  • *top-éye-ti (causative)[3][7]
    • Balto-Slavic: *tapīˀtei
      • Slavic: *topìti[7] (see there for further descendants)
    • Indo-Iranian: *tāpáyati
      • Indo-Aryan: *tāpáyati
        • Sanskrit: तापयति (tāpáyati)
      • Iranian: *tāpáyati[2]
        • Avestan: 𐬙𐬁𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌‎ (tāpaiieiti)[8]
        • Ossetian:
          Ossetian: тавун (tavun)
          Ossetian: та́вын (távyn)
  • *tep-e-nt-s (root present participle)[9]
    • Celtic: *teɸents
    • Indo-Iranian: *tapanti (possibly)
      • Iranian: *tapantī- f (“warming”)[2]
        • Scythian: *tavitī-
          • → Ancient Greek: Ταβιτί (Tabití, “a Scythian goddess, equivalent of Hestia”)
  • *tep-los
  • *tep-net-s
    • Celtic: *teɸnets (see there for further descendants)
  • *tép-os ~ *tép-es-os[5]
  • *tép-s-tu-s[9]
    • Celtic: *texstus
      • (perhaps) Continental:
        • Gaulish:
          • → Latin: Tessi-gnius
        • Lepontic: 𐌀𐌑𐌄𐌑- (aśeś-)
      • Brythonic:
        • Old Breton: a tes
        • Old Cornish: tes
        • Middle Welsh: tes
      • Old Irish: tess
  • *tep-tós (past participle)
    • Indo-Iranian: *taptás
      • Indo-Aryan: *taptás
        • Sanskrit: तप्त (taptá)[11]
      • Iranian: *taftáh[2]
        • Avestan: 𐬙𐬀𐬟𐬙𐬀‎ (tafta)
        • Bactrian: ταβδο (tabdo), ταβαδο (tabado)
        • Khotanese: ttauda- (ttauda-)
        • Ossetian:
          Ossetian: тӕвдӕ (tævdæ)
          Ossetian: тӕвд (tævd)
        • Parthian:
          Parthian: tft (taft)
        • Pashto: تود‎ (tod), توده‎ f (tavdá)
        • Persian: تفت‎ (taft)
        • Sogdian:
          Christian: ܬܒܬܐܟ‎ (tβtʾk)
        • → Old Armenian: տաւթ (tawtʿ)
  • Unsorted formations:
    • (perhaps) Tocharian:
      • Tocharian B: tāpce (“hot”)

References
  1. Gamkrelidze, Th. V.; Ivanov, V. V. (1995) Indo-European and the Indo-Europeans. A Reconstruction and Historical Analysis of a Proto-Language and Proto-Culture. Part I: The Text (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 80), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 776
  2. Abajev, V. I. (1979) Istoriko-etimologičeskij slovarʹ osetinskovo jazyka [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Ossetian Language] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow, Leningrad: USSR Academy of Sciences, pages 236–237, 283
  3. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001) Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 629-630
  4. Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 378–379
  5. De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “tepeō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 614
  6. Demiraj, Bardhyl (1997), “ftoh”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: Investigations into the Albanian Inherited Lexicon] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7) (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 173
  7. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*topìti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 496
  8. Kanga, Kavasji Edalji (1900) A Complete Dictionary of the Avesta Language‎, Bombay: Education society's steam press, page 220
  9. Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 375
  10. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*teplъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 490
  11. Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 477
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