Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ruda

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Fossilized from *rudъ (“red, reddish; reddish brown”).

Noun

*rudà f

ore, mineral

Declension

Declension of *rudà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm c)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*rudà	*rȗdě	*rȗdy
Accusative	*rȗdǫ	*rȗdě	*rȗdy
Genitive	*rudý	*rudù	*rũdъ
Locative	*rȗdě	*rudù	rudàsъ, rudàxъ^*
Dative	*rudě̀	*rudàma	*rudàmъ
Instrumental	*rudojǫ́	*rudàma	*rudàmi
Vocative	*rudo	*rȗdě	*rȗdy

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.

Related terms

*rudъ (“red; ginger; brown”, adj.)
- *ruda (“ore”)
*rusъ < *rudsъ (adj.)

*ruměnъ < *rudměnъ (adj.)
*rъděti (“to be red; redden”)
*rъdrъ (“red, red-haired”, adj.)

*rъďa (“rust”)
*ryďь (“ginger”, adj.)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: руда (ruda)
  - Belarusian: руда́ (rudá)
  - Russian: руда́ (rudá)
  - Ukrainian: руда́ (rudá)

South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: роуда (ruda)
- Bulgarian: ру́да (rúda)
- Macedonian: ру́да (rúda)
- Serbo-Croatian: ру́да, rúda
- Slovene: rúdа (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:
- Czech: ruda
- Kashubian: ruda
- Polish: ruda
- Slovak: ruda
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: ruda
  - Lower Sorbian: ruda

References

Verweij, Arno (1994), “Quantity Patterns of Substantives in Czech and Slovak”, in Dutch Contributions to the Eleventh International Congress of Slavists, Bratislava (Studies in Slavic and General Linguistics), volume 22, Editions Rodopi B.V., page 509
Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “руда”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress
Sreznevskij, I. I. (1912), “руда”, in Materialy dlja slovarja drevne-russkago jazyka po pisʹmennym pamjatnikam [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old Russian Language According to Written Monuments] (in Russian), volume 3, Saint Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences, page 187

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