Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ьje

Akin to deverbal suffixes *-nьje and *-tьje. However, comparison with other Indo-European languages indicates archaicity of denominal formations, which are most likely substantivized adjectives. Compare

• Ancient Greek ὕπνος (húpnos, “dream”) → ἐνύπνιον (enúpnion, “dreaming”) = Common Slavic *sъnъ → *sъnьje
• Latin ōs, ōris (“mouth”) → ōstium (“estuary, river mouth”) = Common Slavic *usta → *ustьje

*-ьje n

1. Denominal, forming collective nouns

   *ostrovъ (“island”) → *ostrovьje (“archipelago”)

   *jedla (“spruce, fir”) → *jedlьje (“fir forest”)

   *dǫbъ (“tree”) → *dǫbьje (“trees”)

   *kamy, *kamene- (“stone”) → *kamenьje (“stones, rocks”)

2. Deverbal (from past participle), forming action nouns

   *dati → *datъ / *danъ → *datьje / *danьje

   (*obrětti >) *obrěsti → *obrětenъ → *obrětenьje

   *kovati → *kovanъ → *kovanьje

   *kъrmiti → *kъrmljenъ → *kъrmljenьje

   (*ostojěti >) *ostojati → *ostojanъ → *ostojanьje

3. Denominal, forming nouns denoting various concepts

   *usta (“mouth”) → *ustьje (“mouth”)

   *sъnъ (“sleep”) → *sъnьje (“dream”)

   *na- +‎ *rěčь (“speech”) → *narěčьje (“adverb”)

   *na- +‎ *sila (“force”) → *nasilьje (“violence”)

4. Structural formant, without a base noun to synchronically derive from

   *zna-mę, *zna-men- (“sign, signal, mark”) → *znamenьje (“signs, signals, marks”)

5. Deadjectival, forming nouns denoting a property, state or condition

   *obilъ (“abundant”) → *obilьje (“abundance”)

   *sъdorvъ (“healthy”) → *sъdorvьje (“health”)

   *veselъ (“happy”) → *veselьje (“joy, happiness”)

6. Denominal, forming nouns denoting location or time

   *po- +‎ *rěka (“river”) → *porěčьje (“region near, along a river”)

   *za- +‎ *gora (“forest, mountain”) → *zagorьje (“region nearby a mountain”)

   *krajь- +‎ *bergъ (“coast”) → *krajьberžьje (“coastline”)

   *nadъ- +‎ *věsъ (“screen, curtain”) → *nadъvěsьje (“arch, dome, sth hanging over”)

   *bez- +‎ *vermę (“time”) → *bezvermьje (“timelessness”)

   *na- +‎ *večerъ (“eve”) → *navečerьje (“evening, time before dawn”)

• *-ja
• *-tva (from a-extension of supine)
• *-ьba, *-ьda
• *-ežь

• *-nьje (deverbal, with a *-n- suffix taken from past passive participle)
• *-tьje (deverbal, with a *-t- suffix taken from past passive participle)

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: -ие (-ie)
    • Belarusian: -е (-je)
    • Russian: -ьё (-ʹjó), -ие (-ije), -ье (-ʹje)
    • Ukrainian: -я (-ja)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: -ѥ (-je)

    Glagolitic: -ⱑ (je)

  • Bulgarian: -ье (-ʹe), -ие (-ie)
  • Macedonian: -је (-je)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic: -је; allomorphic: -ће (<* -t-ьje), -шће (<* -st-ьje) -ње (< *-n-ьje), -ље (< *-l-ьje)

    Latin: -je; allomorphic: -će (<* -t-ьje), -šće (<* -st-ьje) -nje (< *-n-ьje), -lje (< *-l-ьje)

  • Slovene: -je
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: -ie
    • Czech: -í
  • Kashubian: -ié
  • Polish: -e, -ė, -ie
  • Slovak: -ie
  • Slovincian: -ė

• Šekli, Matej (2012), “Besedotvorni pomeni samostalniških izpeljank v praslovanščini”, in Philological Studies‎ (in Slovene), volume 10, issue 1, Skopje, Perm, Ljubljana, Zagreb, pages 115–32
• Halla-aho, Jussi (2006) Problems of Proto-Slavic Historical Nominal Morphology: On the Basis of Old Church Slavic (Slavica Helsingiensia; 26)‎, Helsinki: University of Helsinki, page 75f
• Trubačóv, Oleg, editor (1977), “*datьje”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ slavjanskix jazykov [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), volume 04, Moscow: Nauka, page 196
• Trubačóv, Oleg, editor (1977), “*danьje”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ slavjanskix jazykov [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), volume 04, Moscow: Nauka, page 188
• Trubačóv, Oleg, editor (2002), “*obrětenьje”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ slavjanskix jazykov [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), volume 29, Moscow: Nauka, page 81
• Trubačóv, Oleg, editor (1985), “*kovanьje”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ slavjanskix jazykov [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), volume 12, Moscow: Nauka, page 8
• Trubačóv, Oleg, editor (1987), “*kъrmjenьje”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ slavjanskix jazykov [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), volume 13, Moscow: Nauka, page 266
• Trubačóv, Oleg, editor (2003), “*obstojanьje”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ slavjanskix jazykov [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), volume 30, Moscow: Nauka, page 63