Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-inъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Adjective-forming suffix was originally inherited from Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos via Proto-Balto-Slavic *-īˀnas. E.g.

*svinъ (“of or pertaining to pigs”) from Proto-Balto-Slavic *swīˀnas from Proto-Indo-European *suH-iHnos (cognate formation with Latvian svīns (“dirty”), Latin suīnus (“swine”), Gothic 𐍃𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽 (swein, “pig”)).

Later it was productively applied to inherited i-stems:

*zvěrь (“beast”) → *zvěrinъ (“beastly, animal”)
*gostь (“guest”) → *gostinъ (“guest's, guest-”)

The singulative meaning derives from original possessive meaning, for example the meaning of *čeľadinъ “member of the tribe or household” is derived from “belonging to the tribe or household”.

Cognate with Lithuanian collective-forming suffix -ýnas, Latin -īnus. Compare also *-ina for forming both collectives and singulatives (from Proto-Indo-European *-iHneh₂ and *-eyneh₂).

Adjective

*-inъ

-ine (of or pertaining to) Creates relative and possessive adjectives from nouns other than o-stems.

Usage notes

This suffix is attached to most type of noun, in particular a-stems (feminines). The suffix *-ovъ (and its variant *-evъ) is used with o-stem nouns (masculines and neuters).

Declension

Indefinite declension of *-inъ (hard)

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*-inъ	*-ina	*-ino
Accusative	*-inъ	*-inǫ	*-ino
Genitive	*-ina	*-iny	*-ina
Locative	*-ině	*-ině	*-ině
Dative	*-inu	*-ině	*-inu
Instrumental	*-inomь	*-inojǫ	*-inomь
Vocative	*-ine	*-ino	*-ino
Dual	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*-ina	*-ině	*-ině
Accusative	*-ina	*-ině	*-ině
Genitive	*-inu	*-inu	*-inu
Locative	*-inu	*-inu	*-inu
Dative	*-inoma	*-inama	*-inoma
Instrumental	*-inoma	*-inama	*-inoma
Vocative	*-ina	*-ině	*-ině
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*-ini	*-iny	*-ina
Accusative	*-iny	*-iny	*-ina
Genitive	*-inъ	*-inъ	*-inъ
Locative	*-iněxъ	*-inaxъ	*-iněxъ
Dative	*-inomъ	*-inamъ	*-inomъ
Instrumental	*-iny	*-inami	*-iny
Vocative	*-ini	*-iny	*-ina

Definite declension of *-inъ (hard)

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*-inъjь	*-inaja	*-inoje
Accusative	*-inъjь	*-inǫjǫ	*-inoje
Genitive	*-inajego	*-inyję	*-inajego
Locative	*-inějemь	*-iněji	*-inějemь
Dative	*-inujemu	*-iněji	*-inujemu
Instrumental	*-inyjimi	*-inǫjǫ	*-inyjimi
Vocative	*-inъjь	*-inaja	*-inoje
Dual	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*-inaja	*-iněji	*-iněji
Accusative	*-inaja	*-iněji	*-iněji
Genitive	*-inuju	*-inuju	*-inuju
Locative	*-inuju	*-inuju	*-inuju
Dative	*-inyjima	*-inyjima	*-inyjima
Instrumental	*-inyjima	*-inyjima	*-inyjima
Vocative	*-inaja	*-iněji	*-iněji
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*-iniji	*-inyję	*-inaja
Accusative	*-inyję	*-inyję	*-inaja
Genitive	*-inъjixъ	*-inъjixъ	*-inъjixъ
Locative	*-inyjixъ	*-inyjixъ	*-inyjixъ
Dative	*-inyjimъ	*-inyjimъ	*-inyjimъ
Instrumental	*-inyjimi	*-inyjimi	*-inyjimi
Vocative	*-iniji	*-inyję	*-inaja

Derived terms

► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Proto-Slavic_words_suffixed_with_*-in%D1%8A' title='Category:Proto-Slavic words suffixed with *-inъ'>Proto-Slavic words suffixed with *-inъ</a>

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Russian: -ин (-in)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: -инъ (-inŭ)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  - Cyrillic: -ин
  - Latin: -in
- Bulgarian: -ин (-in)

Noun

*-inъ m

Creates singulatives, mostly with consonantal-stem pluralia tantum or collective nouns denoting nationalities, names of residents of an area, names of tribes and place names.
*bratъ (“brother”) → *bratьja (“brothers (collectively)”) → *bratinъ (“brother”)

*čeľadь (“family, ancestral community, everyone in household”) → *čeľadinъ (“one belonging to the family, tribe or household”)

*gospoda (“lords (collectively)”) → *gospodinъ (“master, lord”)

*ľudь, *ľudьje (“people, folks (collectively)”) → *ľudinъ (“man”)

*Obre (“Avars”) → *obrinъ (“Avar; giant”)

*voji (“army”) → *vojinъ (“soldier, warrior”)

*Rusь (“Rus'”) → *Rusinъ
Exceptionally occurs in several unmotivated formations, usually to create an instrument or agent noun
*melti (“to grind”) → *mьlinъ (“(type of) pancake”) (if not *mъlinъ from molinus)

*kolti (“to hit with something sharp; to split”) → *kъlinъ (“wedge, splitting tool”)

Declension

Declension of *-inъ (hard o-stem)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*-inъ	*-ina	*-ini
Accusative	*-inъ	*-ina	*-iny
Genitive	*-ina	*-inu	*-inъ
Locative	*-ině	*-inu	*-iněxъ
Dative	*-inu	*-inoma	*-inomъ
Instrumental	-inъmь, -inomь^*	*-inoma	*-iny
Vocative	*-ine	*-ina	*-ini

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

*-ěninъ
*-janinъ

References

Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1974) Słownik prasłowiański (in Polish), volume I, Wrocław: Polska Akademia Nauk, page 120

This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.