Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/steh₂-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*steh₂- (perfective)

to stand (up)

Derived terms

► <a href='/wiki/Category:Terms_derived_from_the_PIE_root_*steh%E2%82%82-' title='Category:Terms derived from the PIE root *steh₂-'>Terms derived from the PIE root *steh₂-</a>

*stéh₂-t ~ *sth₂-ént (athematic root aorist)[1]
*stí-steh₂-ti ~ *stí-sth₂-n̥ti (athematic reduplicated present)[1][2][3][4][5][6]
*st-né-h₂-ti ~ *st-n̥-h₂-énti (nasal-infix present)[1][7]
*stéh₂-ye-ti (ye-present)[1][8][9][10]
*ste-stóh₂-e ~ *ste-sth₂-ḗr (stative)
*sth₂-éh₁-(ye)-ti (eh₁-stative)[11]
- Balto-Slavic:
  - Slavic: *stojěti
- Italic: *staēō (see there for further descendants)
*stoh₂-éye-ti (causative)[1][12]
*steh₂-tleh₂[13]
- Celtic: *stātlā
  - Brythonic:
    - Middle Breton: seuzl
    - Cornish: seudhel, sul
    - Middle Welsh: saudel, sodlau
      - Welsh: sawdl
  - Old Irish: sál
*sth₂-dʰlo-m
- Italic: *staðlom
  - Latin: stabulum
  - Oscan: 𐌔𐌕𐌀𐌚𐌋𐌀𐌕𐌀𐌔𐌔𐌄𐌕 (staflatasset), σταβαλανο
  - Umbrian: staflarem, staflare, 𐌔𐌕𐌀𐌚𐌋𐌉 (stafli)
*steh₂-gʰo-[14]
- Lithuanian: stógas
*sth₂-e-lo-s[15][16]
- Balto-Slavic: *stalas
  - Lithuanian: stãlas
  - Old Prussian: stalis
  - Slavic: *stòlъ
*stéh₂-mn̥ ~ *sth₂-mén-s
*steh₂-mo-[11]
- Italic: *stā-mo-
  - Umbrian: stahmei, stahmito, stahmitei, stahmietei
*steh₂-men-[17]
- Lithuanian: stuomuõ
- Latvian: stāmen
*stoh₂-mo-[18]
- Balto-Slavic:
  - Lithuanian: stúomas
  - Slavic: *stamъ (see there for further descendants)
- Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: στώμιξ (stṓmix)
*sth₂-dʰ-mo-
- Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: σταθμός (stathmós)
*stéh₂-no-[19][20]
- Balto-Slavic: *stāˀnas
  - Lithuanian: stónas
  - Slavic: *stânъ (see there for further descendants)
- Indo-Iranian: *stáHnam (see there for further descendants)
*sth₂-(e)nt-ieh₂[21][22]
- Albanian: *śtantśiā
  - Albanian: shtãzë, shtëzë
*steh₂-ro-[23][24]
- Balto-Slavic: *stāˀras
  - Lithuanian: stóras
  - Slavic: *stàrъ (see there for further descendants)
*stéh₂-ti-s ~ *sth₂-téy-s
*sth₂-tós[6][25]
*stéh₂-tu-s ~ *sth₂-téw-s[11]
- Italic: *status
  - Latin: status
  - Marsian: state
  - Oscan: 𐌔𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌝𐌚 (statíf)
  - Umbrian: 𐌔𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌉𐌕𐌀 (statita), 𐌔𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌉𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌖 (statitatu)
Unsorted formations:
- Balto-Slavic:
  - Old Prussian: postātwei, postānimai
- Germanic: *stamniz (see there for further descendants)
- Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: στάδιος (stádios), στάδιον (stádion)
- Indo-Iranian:
  - Iranian:
    - Kurdish: stûn (“column, pillar”), rawe-STÎN (“to stand, to stop”), rawe-STANDIN (“to cause to stand/stop”)
    - Persian: ایستادن‎ (istadæn)
    - Ossetian: стын (styn)
- Phrygian: εσταες (estaes)
- Tocharian:
  - Tocharian B: stamalñe

Extended form *steh₂dʰ-

*sth₂-né-dʰ- ~ *sth₂-n̥-dʰ- (extended nasal-infix present)
- Germanic: *standaną (see there for further descendants)
*steh₂dʰ-om[26]
- Balto-Slavic:
  - Slavic: *stàdo (see there for further descendants)
- Germanic: *stōdą

Extended form *steh₂w-[27][28]

*steh₂w-[29][30]
- Balto-Slavic: *stāˀw-
  - Latvian: stãvẽt
  - Lithuanian: stovė́ti
  - Slavic: *stàviti (see there for further descendants)
*steh₂-u-rós, *st-u-h₂-rós (with laryngeal metathesis)
- Germanic: *staura
  - Middle Low German: stūr
  - Old Norse: staurr (“pole”)
    - Faroese: steyrur
    - Old Swedish: stūr
      - Swedish: stör
- Hellenic: *staurós
  - Ancient Greek: σταυρός (staurós)
- Indo-Iranian: *stʰuHrás (see there for further descendants)
- Italic: *stauros
  - Latin: īnstaurō, restaurō
*stoh₂-w-ih₂ (collective)
- Hellenic: *stōyyā́ (apparently with differing outcomes of Osthoff's law)
  - Ancient Greek: στοᾱ́ (stoā́), στοιᾱ́ (stoiā́), στοιή (stoiḗ), στῳᾱ́ (stōiā́), στωϊᾱ́ (stōïā́)
*steh₂-weh₂ or *stoh₂-weh₂
- Germanic: *stōwō

References

Rix, Helmut, editor (2001) Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 590-592
Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, first edition, Oxford: Blackwell
Ringe, Don (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic, Oxford University Press
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἵστημι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 601
Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 338
De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “sistō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 567
Demiraj, Bardhyl (1997), “shtãj”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: Investigations into the Albanian Inherited Lexicon] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7) (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 378
Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 373–74
Derksen, Rick (2008), “*stàti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 465
Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 430
De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “stō, stāre”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 489-490
Derksen, Rick (2008), “*stojati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 468
Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 354–55
Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 429
Derksen, Rick (2008), “*stòlъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 465
Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 426
Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 433
Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 433
Derksen, Rick (2008), “*stânъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 465
Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 429
Demiraj, Bardhyl (1997), “shtãnzë”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: Investigations into the Albanian Inherited Lexicon] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7) (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 371
Orel, Vladimir (1998), “shtazë, shtëzë ~ shtâzë”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill
Derksen, Rick (2008), “*stàrъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 465
Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 430
Demiraj, Bardhyl (1997), “shtat”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: Investigations into the Albanian Inherited Lexicon] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7) (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 260
Derksen, Rick (2008), “465”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 464
De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “īnstaurō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 305
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “σταυρός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1391
Derksen, Rick (2008), “*stàviti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 466
Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 430

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[LIV-1] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001) Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 590-592

[Fortson_2004-2] Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, first edition, Oxford: Blackwell

[Ringe_2006-3] Ringe, Don (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic, Oxford University Press

[Beekes-4] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἵστημι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 601

[M_sista--5] Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 338

[DV_sistō-6] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “sistō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 567

[D_shtãj-7] Demiraj, Bardhyl (1997), “shtãj”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: Investigations into the Albanian Inherited Lexicon] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7) (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 378

[M_*tā-yo-8] Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 373–74

[D_*stàti-9] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*stàti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 465

[D_stoti-10] Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 430

[DV_stō-11] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “stō, stāre”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 489-490

[D_*stojati-12] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*stojati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 468

[M_*stātlā-13] Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 354–55

[D_stogas_II-14] Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 429

[D_*stòlъ-15] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*stòlъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 465

[D_stalas-16] Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 426

[D_stuomuo-17] Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 433

[D_stuomas-18] Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 433

[D_*stânъ-19] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*stânъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 465

[D_stonas-20] Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 429

[D_shtãnsë-21] Demiraj, Bardhyl (1997), “shtãnzë”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: Investigations into the Albanian Inherited Lexicon] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7) (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 371

[Orel-22] Orel, Vladimir (1998), “shtazë, shtëzë ~ shtâzë”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill

[D_*stàrъ-23] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*stàrъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 465

[D_storas-24] Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 430

[D_shtat-25] Demiraj, Bardhyl (1997), “shtat”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: Investigations into the Albanian Inherited Lexicon] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7) (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 260

[D_*stàdo-26] Derksen, Rick (2008), “465”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 464

[27] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “īnstaurō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 305

[28] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “σταυρός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1391

[D_*stàviti-29] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*stàviti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 466

[D_stoveti-30] Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 430