< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/mer-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*mer- (perfective) [1][2][3]

  1. to die
  2. to disappear

Derived terms
► <a href='/wiki/Category:Terms_derived_from_the_PIE_root_*mer-_(die)' title='Category:Terms derived from the PIE root *mer- (die)'>Terms derived from the PIE root *mer- (die)</a>
  • *mér-t ~ *m̥r-ént (root aorist)[4]
  • *mér-ti ~ *mr-énti (root present)[5][6]
    • Anatolian: [Term?]
      • Hittite: 𒈨𒅕𒍣 (me-er-zi /merzi/, 3sg.pres.act.) ("to disappear, vanish")[7]
    • Indo-Iranian: *márti
      • Indo-Aryan: *márati
        • Sanskrit: मरति (márati), मरते (márate) (see there for further descendants)
      • Iranian: *márti
        • Younger Avestan: 𐬨𐬀𐬭-‎ (mar-)
        • Gurani: مەردەی‎ (marday)
        • Khotanese: [script needed] (mär-)
        • Kurdish:
          Northern Kurdish: mirin
          Central Kurdish: مردن‎ (mirdin)
          Southern Kurdish: مردن‎ (mirdin)
          Laki: مردن‎ (mirdin)
        • Old Persian: [Term?] (/mar-/)
        • Parthian: [Term?] (/myr/)
        • Zazaki: merden
  • *mr̥-yé-tor (ye-present)[8][9]
    • Balto-Slavic: *mertéi
    • Indo-Iranian: *mr̥iyátay
      • Indo-Aryan: *mr̥iyátay
      • Iranian: *mr̥iyátay
        • Avestan: 𐬨𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬙𐬈‎ (miriiete, 3sg.pres.med.ind.)
        • Old Persian: 𐎠𐎶𐎼𐎡𐎹𐎫𐎠 (a-m-r-i-y-t-a /am(a)riyatā/, 3sg.impf.med.ind.)
    • Italic: *morjōr
      • Latin: morior (see there for further descendants)
  • *mer-s- (sigmatic aorist)[10]
  • *mor-éye-ti (“to kill”, causative)
    • Balto-Slavic: [Term?]
      • Slavic: *moriti (see there for further descendants)
    • Indo-Iranian: *māráyati
      • Indo-Aryan: *māráyati
        • Sanskrit: मारयति (māráyati)
  • *mr̥-tós (“dead”)
  • *mr̥-wós (“dead”)[11]
    • Celtic: *marwos (see there for further descendants)
  • *mr̥-t-wós (“dead”)[9]
  • *mr̥-tu- ~ *mr̥-ti-u- ~ *mr̥tro-
    • Indo-Iranian: *mr̥tyúš (see there for further descendants)
    • Indo-Iranian:
      • Iranian: *mr̥θyu-
        • Parthian: *marh(u)
          • → Old Armenian: մահ (mah)
    • Balto-Slavic: [Term?]
      • Slavic: *mьrtvъ (see there for further descendants)
    • Italic: *mortwos
      • Latin: mortuus (see there for further descendants)
      • Venetic: 𐌌𐌖𐌓𐌕𐌖𐌅𐌏𐌝 (murtuvoí, “dead”, dat.sg.)
  • *mér-ti-s ~ *mr̥-téy-s (“death”)[9][12][13]
  • *mór-o-[14][15]
    • Balto-Slavic: *máras
      • Lithuanian: mãras
      • Slavic: *morъ (see there for further descendants)
    • Germanic: *marǭ (see there for further descendants)
    • Indo-Iranian: *mā́ras
      • Indo-Aryan: *mā́ras
  • *mŕ̥-trom (instrumental)
    • Germanic: *murþrą (see there for further descendants)
  • Unsorted formations:

References
  1. Pokorny, Julius (1959), “mer-, merə-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume II, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 735
  2. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*mer-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 439-440
  3. Wodtko, Dagmar S.; Irslinger, Britta; Schneider, Carolin (2008), “*mer-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 488-491
  4. Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), “mer-zi / mar-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 667-668
  5. Derksen, Rick (2015), “*merti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 308
  6. Derksen, Rick (2015), “mirti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 321
  7. Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), “mer-zi / mar-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 577-578
  8. Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
  9. De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “morior, morī”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 389-390
  10. Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 463
  11. Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*marwo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 259
  12. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*sъmьrtь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 480-481
  13. Derksen, Rick (2015), “mirtis”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 321
  14. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*morь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 326
  15. Derksen, Rick (2015), “maras”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 305
  16. Orel, Vladimir (1998), “mërshë”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, page 263

Root

*mer-

  1. sea, lake, wetland

Derived terms
► <a href='/wiki/Category:Terms_derived_from_the_PIE_root_*mer-_(sea)' title='Category:Terms derived from the PIE root *mer- (sea)'>Terms derived from the PIE root *mer- (sea)</a>
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