< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/mьrtvъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *mr̥tós (> *mьrtъ) or *mr̥twós, from *mer- (“to die”). Equivalent to *mьrtъ (“mortal”) + *-vъ.
Cognates:
- *mr̥twós > Latin mortuus (“dead, having died”)
- *mr̥tós > Sanskrit मृत (mṛta, “dead”), मर्त (marta, “mortal, man”), Avestan 𐬨𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬀 (mərəta, “dead”), Old Armenian մարդ (mard, “man”), Ancient Greek βροτός (brotós, “mortal”)
- *mr̥wós > Old Irish marb (“dead”), Gaulish marw (“dead”)
- Proto-Germanic *murþrą (“murder”).
Inflection
Accent paradigm b.
Indefinite declension of *mьrtvъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *mьrtvъ | *mьrtva | *mьrtvo |
| Accusative | *mьrtvъ | *mьrtvǫ | *mьrtvo |
| Genitive | *mьrtva | *mьrtvy | *mьrtva |
| Locative | *mьrtvě | *mьrtvě | *mьrtvě |
| Dative | *mьrtvu | *mьrtvě | *mьrtvu |
| Instrumental | *mьrtvomь | *mьrtvojǫ | *mьrtvomь |
| Vocative | *mьrtve | *mьrtvo | *mьrtvo |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *mьrtva | *mьrtvě | *mьrtvě |
| Accusative | *mьrtva | *mьrtvě | *mьrtvě |
| Genitive | *mьrtvu | *mьrtvu | *mьrtvu |
| Locative | *mьrtvu | *mьrtvu | *mьrtvu |
| Dative | *mьrtvoma | *mьrtvama | *mьrtvoma |
| Instrumental | *mьrtvoma | *mьrtvama | *mьrtvoma |
| Vocative | *mьrtva | *mьrtvě | *mьrtvě |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *mьrtvi | *mьrtvy | *mьrtva |
| Accusative | *mьrtvy | *mьrtvy | *mьrtva |
| Genitive | *mьrtvъ | *mьrtvъ | *mьrtvъ |
| Locative | *mьrtvěxъ | *mьrtvaxъ | *mьrtvěxъ |
| Dative | *mьrtvomъ | *mьrtvamъ | *mьrtvomъ |
| Instrumental | *mьrtvy | *mьrtvami | *mьrtvy |
| Vocative | *mьrtvi | *mьrtvy | *mьrtva |
Definite declension of *mьrtvъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *mьrtvъjь | *mьrtvaja | *mьrtvoje |
| Accusative | *mьrtvъjь | *mьrtvǫjǫ | *mьrtvoje |
| Genitive | *mьrtvajego | *mьrtvyję | *mьrtvajego |
| Locative | *mьrtvějemь | *mьrtvěji | *mьrtvějemь |
| Dative | *mьrtvujemu | *mьrtvěji | *mьrtvujemu |
| Instrumental | *mьrtvyjimi | *mьrtvǫjǫ | *mьrtvyjimi |
| Vocative | *mьrtvъjь | *mьrtvaja | *mьrtvoje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *mьrtvaja | *mьrtvěji | *mьrtvěji |
| Accusative | *mьrtvaja | *mьrtvěji | *mьrtvěji |
| Genitive | *mьrtvuju | *mьrtvuju | *mьrtvuju |
| Locative | *mьrtvuju | *mьrtvuju | *mьrtvuju |
| Dative | *mьrtvyjima | *mьrtvyjima | *mьrtvyjima |
| Instrumental | *mьrtvyjima | *mьrtvyjima | *mьrtvyjima |
| Vocative | *mьrtvaja | *mьrtvěji | *mьrtvěji |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *mьrtviji | *mьrtvyję | *mьrtvaja |
| Accusative | *mьrtvyję | *mьrtvyję | *mьrtvaja |
| Genitive | *mьrtvъjixъ | *mьrtvъjixъ | *mьrtvъjixъ |
| Locative | *mьrtvyjixъ | *mьrtvyjixъ | *mьrtvyjixъ |
| Dative | *mьrtvyjimъ | *mьrtvyjimъ | *mьrtvyjimъ |
| Instrumental | *mьrtvyjimi | *mьrtvyjimi | *mьrtvyjimi |
| Vocative | *mьrtviji | *mьrtvyję | *mьrtvaja |
See also
- *navъ (“dead man”)
Derived terms
Derived terms
- *mьrtvačь / *mьrtvača
- *mьrtvjakъ
- *mьrtvěti
- *mьrtvica
- *mьrtvika / *mьrtvikъ
- *mьrtvina
- *mьrtviti
- *mьrtvidlo
- *mьrtvola
- *mьrtvostь
- *mьrtvota / *mьrtvoťa
- *mьrtvьcь
- *mьrtvьčina
- *mьrtvьčь
- *mьrtvьčьskъ
- *mьrtvьnъ
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “мертвый”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress
- Černyx, P. Ja. (1999), “мертвый”, in Istoriko-etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1, 3rd reprint edition, Moscow: Russkij jazyk, page 525
- Trubačóv, Oleg, editor (1994), “*mьrtvъ”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ slavjanskix jazykov [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), volume 21, Moscow: Nauka, page 146
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*mь̀rtvъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 342: “adj. o (b) ‘dead’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “mьrtvъ mьrtvo mьrtva”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b (SA 110; PR 136)”
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