List of state and union territory capitals in India
India is a country located in southern Asia. With over 1.35 billion people, India is the most populous democracy in the world. It is a federal constitutional republic governed under a parliamentary system consisting of 28 states and 8 union territories.[1] All states, as well as the union territories of Jammu and Kashmir, Puducherry and the National Capital Territory of Delhi, have elected legislatures and governments, both patterned on the Westminster model. The remaining five union territories are directly ruled by the central government through appointed administrators. In 1956, under the States Reorganisation Act, states were reorganised on a linguistic basis.[2] Since then, their structure has remained largely unchanged. Each state or union territory is further divided into administrative districts.
States and union territories of India ordered by |
---|
|
The legislatures of three states, Goa, Jammu and Kashmir, and Maharashtra, meet in different capitals for their summer and winter sessions.
The state and union territory capitals are sorted according to administrative, legislative and judicial capitals. The administrative capital is where the executive government offices are located,
List
No. | State or union territory |
Administrative capital | Legislative capital | Judicial capital | Year of establishment | Former capital |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Andaman and Nicobar Islands |
Port Blair | — | Kolkata | 1956 | — |
2 | Andhra Pradesh | ll> Amaravati (de facto from 2017)[3][4][lower-alpha 1] |
Amaravati[3] | Amaravati | 1956 2017 |
— |
3 | Arunachal Pradesh | Itanagar | Itanagar | Guwahati | 1987 | — |
4 | Assam | Dispur | Guwahati | Guwahati | 1972 | Shillong[lower-alpha 2] (1950–1972) |
5 | Bihar | Patna | Patna | Patna | 1950 | — |
6 | Chandigarh |
Chandigarh[lower-alpha 3] | — | Chandigarh | 1966 | — |
7 | Chhattisgarh | Naya Raipur | Raipur | Bilaspur | 2000 | — |
8 | Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu |
Daman | — | Mumbai | 2020 | — |
9 | National Capital Territory of Delhi |
New Delhi | New Delhi | New Delhi | 1956 | — |
10 | Goa | Panaji[lower-alpha 4] | Porvorim | Mumbai | 1987 | — |
11 | Gujarat | Gandhinagar | Gandhinagar | Ahmedabad | 1960 | Ahmedabad (1960–1970) |
12 | Haryana | Chandigarh | Chandigarh | Chandigarh | 1966 | — |
13 | Himachal Pradesh | Shimla | Shimla (Summer) Dharamsala (Winter)[8] |
Shimla | 1971 2017 |
— |
14 | Jammu and Kashmir |
Srinagar (Summer)[9] Jammu (Winter) |
Srinagar (Summer) Jammu (Winter) |
Srinagar (Summer) Jammu (Winter) |
2019 | — |
15 | Jharkhand | Ranchi | Ranchi | Ranchi | 2000 | — |
16 | Karnataka | Bangalore | Bangalore | Bangalore | 1956 | — |
17 | Kerala | Thiruvananthapuram | Thiruvananthapuram | Kochi | 1956 | — |
18 | Ladakh |
Leh (Summer) Kargil (Winter)[10] |
— | Srinagar (Summer) Jammu (Winter) |
2019 | — |
19 | Lakshadweep |
Kavaratti | — | Kochi | 1956 | — |
20 | Madhya Pradesh | Bhopal | Bhopal | Jabalpur | 1956 | — |
21 | Maharashtra | Mumbai[lower-alpha 5] | Mumbai (Summer)
Nagpur (winter) |
Mumbai | 1960 | — |
22 | Manipur | Imphal | Imphal | Imphal | 1972 | — |
23 | Meghalaya | Shillong | Shillong | Shillong | 1972 | — |
24 | Mizoram | Aizawl | Aizawl | Guwahati | 1987 | — |
25 | Nagaland | Kohima | Kohima | Guwahati | 1963 | — |
26 | Odisha | Bhubaneswar | Bhubaneswar | Cuttack | 1950 | — |
27 | Puducherry |
Pondicherry | Pondicherry | Chennai | 1954 | — |
28 | Punjab | Chandigarh | Chandigarh | Chandigarh | 1966 | — |
29 | Rajasthan | Jaipur | Jaipur | Jodhpur | 1950 | — |
30 | Sikkim | Gangtok[lower-alpha 6] | Gangtok | Gangtok | 1975 | — |
31 | Tamil Nadu | Chennai[lower-alpha 7] | Chennai | Chennai | 1956 | — |
32 | Telangana | Hyderabad | Hyderabad | Hyderabad | 2014 | — |
33 | Tripura | Agartala | Agartala | Agartala | 1972 | — |
34 | Uttar Pradesh | Lucknow | Lucknow | Allahabad | 1950 | — |
35 | Uttarakhand | Dehradun | Gairsain (Summer)[12] Dehradun (Winter) |
Nainital | 2000 2020 |
— |
36 | West Bengal | Kolkata | Kolkata | Kolkata | 1950 | — |
Notes
- After the formation of Telangana, as per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014, both states will share Hyderabad as their common capital for up to ten years. The new capital of Andhra Pradesh is going to be Amaravati, decided by the Andhra Pradesh government in April, 2016.
- Shillong was the joint capital of Assam and Meghalaya until 1972.[5]
- Chandigarh is the capital of the states of Punjab and Haryana, and is a Union Territory, separate from the two states.[6]
- Panaji was the capital of Goa from 1843 when it was ruled by the Portuguese.[7]
- Mumbai (Bombay) was the capital of Bombay Presidency which was a province until 1950. After that Bombay became the capital of Bombay State. Subsequently, Bombay State was split into Gujarat and Maharashtra in 1960.
- Gangtok has been the capital of Sikkim since 1890. Kingdom of Sikkim joined the Indian Union in 1975.[11]
- Chennai (Madras) was the capital of the Madras Presidency since 1839, which was redrawn as Madras State in 1956. Madras State was renamed as Tamil Nadu in 1968.
Citations
- https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.indiatoday.in/amp/india/story/jammu-and-kashmir-bifurcated-ladakh-union-territory-october.
- Sharma 2007, p. 49.
- "After 2200 Years, Amaravati Gets Back Power!". Gulte.com. Retrieved 4 August 2017.
- "AP Government Portal - Official Andhra Pradesh State Govt. Portal". Ap.gov.in. Archived from the original on 3 August 2017. Retrieved 4 August 2017.
- Baruah 1999, p. xiii.
- Menon & Banerjea 2002, p. 5.
- Ring 1996, p. 288.
- "Dharamshala Declared Second Capital of Himachal". www.hillpost.in. Retrieved 21 January 2017.
- "What is the Darbar Move in J&K all about?". The Hindu. 8 May 2017. Retrieved 19 March 2019.
- Excelsior, Daily (12 November 2019). "LG, UT Hqrs, Head of Police to have Sectts at both Leh, Kargil: Mathur". Retrieved 17 December 2019.
- Spate 1953, p. 200.
- "Gairsain Named Uttarakhand's New Summer Capital". Times of India. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
References
- Baruah, Sanjib (1999). India Against Itself: Assam and the Politics of Nationality. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-3491-6. Retrieved 13 August 2012.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Boland-Crewe, Tara; Lea, David, eds. (15 November 2002). The Territories and States of India. Europa. ISBN 978-1-85743-148-3. Retrieved 13 August 2012.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- "Country Profile: India" (PDF), Library of Congress Country Studies (5th ed.), Library of Congress Federal Research Division, December 2004, retrieved 30 September 2011
- Khandewale, Shrinivas Vishnu (1989). Industrial Area and Regional Resources: A Case Study of Nagpur Industrial Area. Mittal Publications. ISBN 978-81-7099-134-2. Retrieved 13 August 2012.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Mathew, George (1995). Status of Panchayati Raj in the States of India, 1994. Concept Publishing Company. ISBN 978-81-7022-553-9. Retrieved 19 August 2012.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Kini, N. G. S. (1974). The City Voter in India: A Study of 1967 General Elections in Nagpur. Abhinav Publications. ISBN 978-0-88386-524-8. Retrieved 13 August 2012.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Kumāra, Braja Bihārī (1 January 1998). Small States Syndrome In India. Concept Publishing Company. ISBN 978-81-7022-691-8. Retrieved 13 August 2012.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Kippen, James (2006). Gurudev's Drumming Legacy: Music, Theory, and Nationalism in the Mr̥daṅg Aur Tablā Vādanpaddhati of Gurudev Patwardhan. Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7546-5424-7. Retrieved 15 August 2012.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Menon, N. R. Madhava; Banerjea, D. (2002). Criminal Justice India Series: Haryana, 2002. Allied Publishers in collaboration with National University of Juridical Sciences. ISBN 978-81-7764-518-7. Retrieved 15 August 2012.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- "Post-Independence Era", History of Andhra Pradesh, Government of Andhra Pradesh, archived from the original on 20 December 2013, retrieved 4 August 2012
- Ring, Trudy (1 January 1996). Asia and Oceania: International Dictionary of Historic Places. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-884964-04-6. Retrieved 13 August 2012.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Sati, Vishwambhar Prasad; Kumar, Kamlesh (2004). Uttaranchal: Dilemma Of Plenties And Scarcities. Mittal Publications. ISBN 978-81-7099-898-3. Retrieved 13 August 2012.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Sharma, B. K. (August 2007). Introduction to the Constitution of India (4th ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-81-203-3246-1.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Spate, Oskar Hermann Khristian (1953). The Changing Map Of Asia A Political Geography. Taylor & Francis. Retrieved 15 August 2012.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)