Ghaziabad

Ghaziabad (Hindi pronunciation: [ɣaːziːaːbaːd̪]) is a city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh and a part of the National Capital Region of Delhi.[2] It is the administrative headquarters of Ghaziabad district and is the largest city in western Uttar Pradesh, with a population of 1,729,000.[1] Ghaziabad Municipal Corporation is divided into 5 zones - City Zone, Kavi Nagar Zone, Vijay Nagar Zone, Mohan Nagar Zone and Vasundhara Zone[3] The Municipal Corporation comprises of 100 wards.[1] Well connected by roads and railways, it is a major rail junction for North India.[4][5] It is sometimes referred to as the "Gateway of Uttar Pradesh" because it is close to New Delhi, on the main route into Uttar Pradesh.[6] Recent construction works have led to the city being described by a City Mayors Foundation survey as the second fastest-growing in the world.[7][8] Situated in the Upper Gangetic Plains, the city has two major divisions separated by the Hindon River, namely Trans-Hindon on the west and Cis-Hindon on the east.[9]

Ghaziabad
Metropolis
Crossings Republik, a township in Ghaziabad on NH 24
Nickname(s): 
Gateway of Uttar Pradesh
Ghaziabad
Ghaziabad
Ghaziabad
Coordinates: 28.67°N 77.42°E / 28.67; 77.42
CountryIndia
StateUttar Pradesh
DistrictGhaziabad
Founded byWazir Ghazi-ud-Din
Government
 • BodyMunicipal Corporation
 • MayorAsha Sharma (BJP)
Area
 • Total210 km2 (80 sq mi)
Elevation
214 m (702 ft)
Population
 (2011 census provisional data)[1]
 • Total1,729,000
 • Density8,200/km2 (21,000/sq mi)
Demonym(s)Ghaziabadi
Languages
 • OfficialHindi
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
201 XXX
Telephone code91-120
Vehicle registrationUP-14
Websiteghaziabad.nic.in

History

Excavations carried out at the mound of Kaseri, at the banks of the river Hindon, some 2 km north of Mohan Nagar, have shown that civilization existed there as early as 2500 BC. Mythologically, some neighbouring towns and villages of the city including Garhmukteshwar, Pooth Village and Ahar region have been associated with the Mahabharata and the fort at Loni, is associated with the legend of Lavanasura of the Ramayana period. According to the Gazetteer, the fort, "Loni" is named after Lavanasura.[10]

The city and its surrounding region have historically witnessed major wars and battles over the last many centuries. In AD 1313, the entire region including present-day Ghaziabad became a huge battlefield, when Taimur laid siege on the area during Muhammad bin Tughluq's reign.[10][11] During the Anglo- Maratha War, Sir General Lake and the Royal Maratha army fought here circa. Altama Religion was started from Ghaziabad in 1803.[10]

The city of Ghaziabad was founded in AD 1740 by Ghazi-ud-Din who served as a wazir in the court of Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah and named it as "Ghaziuddinnagar" after his own name.[12] The name "Ghaziuddinnagar" was shortened to its present form, i.e. "Ghaziabad" with the opening of the Railways in 1864.[13][14][15][16] During the Mughal period, Ghaziabad and especially the banks of the Hindon in Ghaziabad, remained a picnic spot for the Mughal royal family.[14]

Establishment of the Scientific Society here, during the same period is considered as a milestone of the educational movement launched by Syed Ahmad Khan.[17] The Sind, Punjab and Delhi Railway, connecting Delhi and Lahore, up till Ambala through Ghaziabad was opened in the same year.[18] With the completion of the Amritsar-Saharanpur-Ghaziabad line of the Sind, Punjab and Delhi Railway in 1870, Delhi was connected to Multan through Ghaziabad, and Ghaziabad became the junction of the East Indian Railway and Sind, Punjab and Delhi Railway.[19]

Ghaziabad, along with Meerut and Bulandshahr, remained one of the three Munsifis of the District, under the Meerut Civil Judgeship during most periods of the British Raj.[20]

Ghaziabad was associated with the Indian independence movement from the Indian Rebellion of 1857.[13]

Industrial growth

Although connected by railway since 1865, it was not until 1940 that the first modern industry appeared in Ghaziabad. However, it was in the post-independence period that industry really expanded, with a further 22 factories opening in the four years after 1947. This development can be attributed to the influx of people from the newly formed Pakistan and the relocation of businesses from what was now the Pakistani province of Punjab.[21] John Oakey and Mohan Ltd., one of India's largest concerns manufacturing coated and bonded abrasives, and originally functioning under the name of 'National Abrasives' at Rawalpindi was shifted here under the proprietorship of 'Dyer Meakins' in 1947.[22] Subsequently, the Mohan Meakin breweries were also set up in the year 1949.[23] This period also saw the development of Ghaziabad as one of India's most famous centres of the Oil Engines industry.[24]

In 1967, the municipal limits were extended up to the Delhi-UP border. Starting in the early 1970s, many steel-manufacturing units also came up in the city making it one of the primary industries of the city. This period also saw the emergence of the Electronics industry, with the setting up of Bharat Electronics Limited and Central Electronics Limited[25] Over the years, planned Industrial development saw participation from major industrial houses of the country including Mohans (Mohan Nagar Industrial Estate, 1949), Tatas (Tata Oil Mills), Modis (Modinagar, 1933; International Tobacco Co. 1967), Shri Rams (Shri Ram Pistons, 1964), Jaipurias etc. and also significant participation through foreign capital in concerns such as Danfoss India Ltd. (estd. 1968); Indo- Bulgar Food Ltd. and International Tobacco Company (estd. 1967).[26]

Demographics

Population

The provisional data derived from the 2011 census shows that Ghaziabad urban agglomeration had a population of 2,358,525, of which males were 1,256,783 and females were 1,101,742. The literacy rate was 93.81%.[27] Ghaziabad is a subcategory B1 district of category B i.e. having socioeconomic parameters below the national average.[28] It is the second largest industrial city in Uttar Pradesh after Kanpur.[29]

Religion
Religion in Ghaziabad[30]
Religion Percent
Hinduism
 
 72.93%
Islam
 
 25.35%
Sikhism
 
 0.49%
Christianity
 
 0.41%
Others
 
 0.39%

Hinduism is the most popular religion in Ghaziabad with 72.93% followers, followed by 25.35% Muslim followers, 0.41 Christian followers, and 0.49% Sikh followers who make up the smallest percentage of followers in the city. There are around 0.07 Buddhists, 0.35% Jain followers who are minorities. There are many religious sites in Ghaziabad such as the ISKCON Temple for Hindus, Jama Masjid for Muslims, Holy Trinity Church for Christians, and Shri Guru Singh Sabha Gurudwara for Sikhs.

Climate

As it is connected to the national capital, its temperature and rainfall are similar to Delhi. Rajasthan's dust storms and snowfall in the Himalayas, Kumaon and Garhwal hills name their impact in the weather regularly. The monsoon arrives in the district at the end of June or the first week of July and normally it rains until October. As in other districts of northern India mainly three seasons - summer, winter and rainy - prevail here, but sometimes due to severe snowfall in the Himalayas and Kumaon Hills, adverse weather can also be seen. Due to a number of Construction and Highway Projects causing cutting Down Hundreds of old Trees rapidly, The Pollution and rising Temperature problems have increased significantly.

Climate data for Ghaziabad
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 21
(70)		 23
(73)		 29
(84)		 38
(100)		 40
(104)		 38
(100)		 34
(93)		 33
(91)		 34
(93)		 33
(91)		 28
(82)		 23
(73)		 31
(88)
Average low °C (°F) 7
(45)		 10
(50)		 15
(59)		 21
(70)		 26
(79)		 28
(82)		 27
(81)		 26
(79)		 24
(75)		 19
(66)		 13
(55)		 8
(46)		 19
(66)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 15
(0.6)		 18
(0.7)		 23
(0.9)		 27
(1.1)		 31
(1.2)		 69
(2.7)		 234
(9.2)		 245
(9.6)		 103
(4.1)		 23
(0.9)		 8
(0.3)		 16
(0.6)		 812
(31.9)
Source: Ghaziabad Weather

Transport

Road

A proposal has been made to widen National Highway 24 (NH-24) from four to fourteen lanes on the stretch between the Ghaziabad-Delhi border and Dasna. Many residential and commercial projects are being built along the highway.[31]

Delhi Metro

The Delhi Metro extends to New Bus Adda station which is situated at the Old Ghaziabad GT Road. This line has since been extended to New Bus Stand, Ghaziabad. Hindon River Station which serves Raj Nagar Extension and Mohan Nagar Station. Another station exists at Vaishali, which serves that area as well as Vasundhara and Indirapuram, and there is also a station at Kaushambi.[32]

Residential apartments near Vaishali Metro Station, Ghaziabad

Air

Hindon Domestic Airport is the airport serving Ghaziabad which will begin operation in October 2019. The closest international airport is the Indira Gandhi International Airport.

Sports

The Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Ghaziabad.

International Cricket Stadium is under construction at Raj Nagar Extension and will complete by 2021.

Institutes
  • ABES Engineering College
  • Ajay Kumar Garg Engineering College
  • Institute of Management Technology
  • Jaipuria Institute of Management, Indirapuram Ghaziabad [33]
  • Krishna Engineering College [34]
  • Krishna Institute of Engineering and Technology[35]
  • Santosh Medical College
  • SRM Institute of Science and Technology (Delhi-NCR Campus)
  • Sunder Deep Group of Institutions
  • Raj Kumar Goel Institute Of Technology[36]

People from Ghaziabad

Arts, entertainment and television
  • Lara Dutta, Miss Universe 2000 and Bollywood actress.[37]
  • Pradeep Nagar, Bollywood actor[38]
  • Luv Ranjan, director

Business
  • Nikesh Arora, businessman, former president and COO of SoftBank Corp. and CEO of SoftBank Internet and Media, Inc.[39]
  • Donald Crowhurst, British businessman and amateur sailor.
  • Kapil Mohan, businessman[40]

Politics and government
  • Suresh Bansal, politician[41]
  • Madan Bhaiya, politician,[42]
  • Roop Chaudhary, politician.[43]
  • Surendra Prakash Goel, politician
  • Rajesh Pilot, politician
  • Rama Pilot, politician.[44]
  • K. C. Tyagi, politician
  • Ram Chandra Vikal, freedom fighter and Deputy chief minister of UP.[45]
  • Kumar Vishwas , politician

Sports
  • Vipin Kasana, Indian Javelin Thrower
  • Suresh Raina, Indian Cricketer[46]
  • Sudeep Tyagi, Indian Cricketer

References
  1. "Ghaziabad Information".
  2. "National Capital Region- Constituent Areas". NCRPB. Archived from the original on 7 May 2015. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
  3. "Zone-division of Ghaziabad Nagar Nigam".
  4. Athique and Hill, Adrian and Douglas. The Multiplex in India: A Cultural Economy of Urban Leisure (2010 ed.). New York. pp. 110–114.
  5. "District and Sessions Court Ghaziabad- History". NIC. Archived from the original on 4 June 2013. Retrieved 27 July 2013.
  6. "Ghaziabad-Gateway of U.P". Ghaziabad.nic.in. Archived from the original on 28 July 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
  7. "Business:". 17 November 2011. Archived from the original on 20 November 2011.
  8. Ghaziabad was first listed in early 2010 as # 420 by size. "The largest cities in the world and their mayors: Cities ranked 301 to 450". City Mayors. Archived from the original on 9 March 2010., current listings: "World's fastest growing urban areas (1)". City Mayors. Archived from the original on 25 November 2010. Retrieved 1 November 2010.
  9. "Ghaziabad Nagar Nigam: About Us". Archived from the original on 1 February 2013.
  10. "http://www.nagarnigamghaziabad.com/". nagarnigamghaziabad.com. Archived from the original on 14 September 2015. Retrieved 14 September 2015. External link in |title= (help)
  11. "Welcome to damyantigoel.com - Mayor, Nagar Nigam, Ghaziabad". Damyantigoel.com. 14 November 1976. Archived from the original on 14 August 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
  12. Anu Kapur, p. 83-85, Mapping Place Names of India
  13. "history1". nagarnigamghaziabad.com. Archived from the original on 2 October 2015. Retrieved 14 September 2015.
  14. Roy, Debashish (14 August 2011). "Ghaziabad has a long way to go to become a part of NCR backbone". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 20 July 2014. Retrieved 12 June 2014.
  15. "[IRFCA] Indian Railways FAQ: IR History: Early Days - 1". Irfca.org. Archived from the original on 7 March 2005. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
  16. "History". ghaziabad.nic.in. District Administration, Ghaziabad. Archived from the original on 8 December 2008. Retrieved 5 November 2008.
  17. Azimabadi, Badr (2007). Great Personalities in Islam. Daryaganj, Delhi: Adam Publishers. p. 218.
  18. "[IRFCA] Indian Railways FAQ: IR History: Early Days - 1". Irfca.org. Archived from the original on 22 September 2014. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
  19. "[IRFCA] Indian Railways FAQ: IR History: Early Days - 2". Irfca.org. Archived from the original on 11 June 2014. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
  20. Statistical, descriptive and historical account of the North-western ... - North-western provinces - Google Books. Books.google.co.in. 8 June 2007. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
  21. Saxena, Aruna (1989). Perspectives in industrial geography : a case study of an industrial city of Uttar Pradesh. New Delhi: Concept Pub. Co. pp. 30, 92, 98. ISBN 8170222508.
  22. Saxena, Aruna (1989). Perspectives in industrial geography : a case study of an industrial city of Uttar Pradesh. New Delhi: Concept Pub. Co. p. 172. ISBN 8170222508.
  23. "Mohan Meakin Group". Mohanmeakin.com. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
  24. Saxena, Aruna (1989). Perspectives in industrial geography : a case study of an industrial city of Uttar Pradesh. New Delhi: Concept Pub. Co. p. 92. ISBN 8170222508.
  25. Saxena, Aruna (1989). Perspectives in industrial geography : a case study of an industrial city of Uttar Pradesh. New Delhi: Concept Pub. Co. pp. 97, 98. ISBN 8170222508.
  26. Saxena, Aruna (1989). Perspectives in industrial geography : a case study of an industrial city of Uttar Pradesh. New Delhi: Concept Pub. Co. pp. 124, 93, 11, 39, 69. ISBN 8170222508.
  27. "Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above" (PDF). Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 April 2013. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
  28. "Meeting of Empowered Committee" (PDF). Minutes of the Meeting Report. Government of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 September 2011. Retrieved 18 March 2013.
  29. "district and session court-ghaziabad". Ghaziabad.nic.in. Archived from the original on 14 February 2014. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
  30. "Ghaziabad District Religion Data - Census 2011". census2011.co.in.
  31. "Make NH-24 eight-lane to ease mess: Akhilesh Yadav". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 4 June 2013. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
  32. "Ghaziabad boards Metro for first traffic-free ride to work". Indian Express. 15 July 2011. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
  33. Jaipuria Institute of Management
  34. Krishna Engineering College
  35. https://www.kiet.edu/
  36. https://rkgit.edu.in/
  37. "Happy Birthday Lara Dutta: Her top moments". The Indian Express. 16 April 2015. Archived from the original on 10 January 2018. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
  38. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 16 June 2016. Retrieved 18 May 2016.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  39. "Google's Nikesh Arora: Man with a plan". Live Mint. Archived from the original on 10 January 2018.
  40. Thomas, Maria. "Old Monk's old man is no more". Quartz. Archived from the original on 10 January 2018. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
  41. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 16 August 2018. Retrieved 15 August 2018.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  42. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 7 August 2018. Retrieved 15 August 2018.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  43. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 7 August 2018. Retrieved 15 August 2018.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  44. "Members Bioprofile: Pilot, Smt. Rama". Lok Sabha. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 4 November 2017.
  45. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 17 February 2013. Retrieved 8 September 2018.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  46. "Suresh Raina Profile - ICC Ranking, Age, Career Info & Stats". Cricbuzz. Archived from the original on 3 July 2017. Retrieved 10 January 2018.

Further reading
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