Yekaterinoslav Governorate

The Yekaterinoslav Governorate (Russian: Екатеринославская губернія; translit.: Yekaterinoslavskaya guberniya; Ukrainian: Катеринославська губернія) or Government of Yekaterinoslav was a governorate in the Russian Empire. Its capital was the city of Yekaterinoslav (modern Dnipro). Its territory lies within what is now Ukraine.

Yekaterinoslav Governorate
Екатеринославская губернія
Governorate of Russian Empire, Ukrainian State, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
1802–1925
Coat of arms

A historic map of the Yekaterinoslav Governorate.
CapitalYekaterinoslav
Population 
• (1897)
2113700
History 
• Established
27 February 1802
• Disestablished
1 August 1925
Political subdivisionsuezds: 8 (9 1874–85)
Preceded by		Succeeded by
Novorossiya Governorate
Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
Today part of Ukraine

Location

The government was created in 1802 out the Yekaterinoslav vice-regency. It is located within the former lands of Zaporizhian Sich. The governorate bordered to the north with the Kharkov Governorate and Poltava Governorate, to the west and southwest with the Kherson Governorate, to the south with the Taurida Governorate and Sea of Azov, and to the east with Don Host Oblast.

Administrative divisions
An old postcard depicting Yekaterinoslav, the governorate's capital at the time.

The governorate was created in place of Novorossiysk Governorate in 1802 and encompassed a huge area of the southern Ukraine. Officially, the new governorate was created as Ekaterinoslav Governorate in 1802 and subdivided into the following uyezds with centres in:

  1. Yekaterinoslav (Екатеринославъ, Катеринослав) 1802–1923
  2. Pavlograd (Павлоградъ, Павлоград) 1802–1923
  3. Bakhmut (Бахмутъ, Бахмут) 1802–1920 transferred to Governorate of Donetsk
  4. Novomoskovsk (Новомосковскъ, Новомосковськ) 1802–1923
  5. Mariupol 1802–1807, 1874–1923 (1807–1874 part of Aleksandrovsk as Greek district)
  6. Aleksandrovsk (Александровскъ, Олександрівськ) 1805–1920 transferred to Governorate of Zaporizhia, created from both Mariupol and Pavlohrad
  7. Slavyanoserbsk (Славяносербскъ, Слав'яносербськ) 1805–1920 created out Bakhmut, transferred to Governorate of Donetsk
  8. Verkhnodneprovsk (Верходнѣпровскъ, Верхньодніпровськ) 1805–1923, created out Yekaterinoslav uyezd
  9. Taganrog 1805–1887, 1918 (1887–1918 part of Don Host Oblast)
  1. Taganrog city (Таганрог) 1802–1887
  2. Rostov upon Don city 1802–1887
Ukraine's modern border superimposed on the administrative division of 1900 for both the Russian and the Austro-Hungarian Empires. The borders of the uyezds can be seen from this map

Changes in Russian Empire
  • 1874, the Mariupol (Марiуполь) uyezd was split off the Aleksandrovsk uyezd.
  • 1887, Rostov-na-Donu city as well as Taganrog city with its uyezd were transferred back to the Don Host Oblast.

Ukraine
  • 1918, Taganrog uyezd was transferred once again, but without the Taganrog city and later again returned to the Don Voisko Province. The Ukrainian People's Republic passed the law for the reformation of the Ukrainian administrative division dividing the governorate into five new lands. The law has failed to be implemented and was canceled due to the nationalist-conservative coup d'état of Pavlo Skoropadsky and establishment of the Ukrainian State. Thus the territory of the governorate was left unchanged and sustained without any major changes until 1919.

South Russia
  • 1919 Krivyi Rih uyezd was created partially out of the newly annexed lands of the Kherson Governorate.

Soviet Ukraine
  • 1920 Governorate yielded few territories in favor of the newly created Olexandrivsk Governorate and Donetsk Governorate
  • 1922 Zaporizhia Governorate was abolished and its territories returned under the subordination of Yekaterinoslav Governorate together with some of Kremenchuk Governorate.
  • 1923 All Governorates uyezds were reformed into seven okrugs with two of them (Berdiansk and Oleksandriysk okrugs) liquidated on 3 June 1925.
  • On 1 August 1925, the Yekaterinoslav Governorate administration was discontinued.

Okrugs

List of okruhas of Ukraine upon the dissolution of the Governorate:

  1. Yekaterinoslav
  2. Zaporizhia
  3. Kryvyi Rih
  4. Melitopol
  5. Pavlohrad

Demographics

The governorate's population, a majority of peasants, was 662,000 in 1811, 902,400 in 1851, 1,204,800 in 1863, and 1,792,800 in 1885. From the second half of the 19th century, with the founding of Yuzovka (Donetsk), the governorate became the coal-mining and metallurgical center of the then Ukraine, incorporating the Dnieper Industrial Region and the Donbass (Donets Basin).

Its population increased to 2,113,674 by 1897. The nationalities within the governorate were: Russians (then divided into archaic categorisation of Little Russian (i.e. Ukrainian) speakers – 68.9% and Great Russian speakers – 17.3%), Jews (4.7%), Germans (3.8%), Greeks (2.3%), and Tatars (0.8%). In 1924, the governorate had 3,424,100 (13.6% urban) inhabitants, living in 5,165 settlements, 36 of them being cities and urban-type settlements. The largest social class was that of workers (about 25%).

See also: Jewish agricultural colonies in the Russian Empire

Principal cities

The data is taken from demoscope.ru. Here is also the most common language composition.

  • Yekaterinoslav – 112,839[1] (1897), (Russian – 47,140, Jewish – 39,979, Ukrainian – 17,787)
  • Mariupol – 31,116 (Russian – 19,670, Jewish – 4,710, Ukrainian – 3,125)
  • Lugansk – 20,404 (Russian – 13,907, Ukrainian – 3,902, Jewish – 1,449)
  • Bakhmut – 19,316 (Ukrainian – 11,928, Russian – 3,659, Jewish – 3,223)
  • Aleksandrovsk – 18,849 (Ukrainian – 8,101, Jewish – 5,248, Russian – 4,667)
  • Pavlograd 15,775 (Russian – 5,421, Ukrainian – 5,273, Jewish – 4,353)
  • Novomoskovsk – 12,883 (Ukrainian – 9,956, Jewish – 1,436, Russian – 1,237)
  • Verkhnedneprovsk – 6,501 (Ukrainian – 3,752, Jewish – 2,061, Russian – 739)
  • Slavianoserbsk – 3,122 (Russian – 1,607, Ukrainian – 1,342, Jewish – 143)

From the turn of the 19th century until 1887 city of Rostov-na-Donu and all the Taganrog uyezd were part of the governorate, but before the census of 1897 took place they were transferred to the Don oblast. Note that the biggest city of the guberniya was the city of Rostov-na-Donu while Taganrog was not much smaller and the third in size. Here is the data on them:

  • Rostov-na-Donu – 119,476 (Russian – 94,673, Jewish – 11,183, Ukrainian – 5,612)
  • Taganrog – 51,437 (Russian – 40,899, Ukrainian – 4,676, Jewish – 2,685)

Language
  • By the Imperial census of 1897.
Native language Yekaterinoslav Governorate
Екатеринославская губерния [2]		 For each uyezd (district)
Yekaterinoslav
Екатеринославский уезд [3]		 Pavlograd
Павлоградский уезд [4]		 Bakhmut
Бахмутский уезд [5]		 Novomoskovsk
Новомосковский уезд [6]		 Mariupol
Мариупольский уезд [7]		 Alexandrovsk
Александровский уезд [8]		 Slavyanoserbsk
Славяносербский уезд [9]		 Verkhnedneprovsk
Верхнеднепровский уезд [10]
Number % Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number
Total 2,113,674 100% 357,207 251,460 332,478 260,368 254,056 271,678 174,753 211,674
Great Russian 364,974 17.27% 75,190 36,164 103,702 9,628 35,691 15,445 79,281 9,873
Little Russian (Ukrainian) 1,456,269 68.90% 198,982 200,434 193,510 242,737 117,206 224,122 88,218 191,160
Belorussian 14,052 0.66% 4,033 505 2,468 196 1,697 3,353 1,564 236
Polish 12,365 0.59% 7,933 553 2,000 316 528 293 511 231
German 80,979 3.83% 20,609 5,806 12,646 3,452 19,104 14,014 896 4,452
French 908 0.04% 197 8 451 50 46 18 122 16
Italian 146 0.01% 21 1 37 0 39 14 25 9
Romanian and Moldovan 9,175 0.43% 1,771 29 6,371 0 95 2 839 68
English 369 0.02% 14 1 284 0 41 2 13 14
Greek 48,740 2.31% 193 38 142 9 48,290 45 14 9
Jewish 99,152 4.69% 46,441 7,363 9,457 3,635 10,291 13,886 2,631 5,448
Tatar 17,253 0.82% 868 255 346 7 15,472 128 151 26
Turkish 5,555 0.26% 168 15 20 9 5,317 14 4 8
Roma (Gypsy) 1,293 0.06% 103 172 255 272 21 203 177 90
Other 1,888 0.09% 519 71 655 28 164 77 251 23
Unidentified 556 0.03% 165 45 134 29 54 62 56 11

Religion
  • By the Imperial census of 1897.[11]
Religion Number percentage (%) males females In the cities Outside the cities
Eastern Orthodox 1,903,264 90.05% 982,616 920,648 167,263 1,736,001
Judaism 101,088 4.78% 51,679 49,409 64,024 37,064
Lutherans 39,530 1.87% 19,972 19,558 2,085 37,445
Roman Catholics 32,154 1.52% 17,658 14,496 5,388 26,766
Menonites 23,922 1.13% 12,132 11,790 208 23,714
Old Believers and deviants from orthodoxy 9,393 0.44% 4,699 4,694 421 8,972
Muslims 2,090 0.10% 1,700 390 1,039 1,051
Baptists 1,150 0.05% 606 544 5 1,145
Armenian-Gregorian 448 0.02% 301 147 225 223
Karaites 359 0.02% 178 181 302 57
Reformed Christian 157 0.01% 95 62 15 142
Anglican 46 0.00% 26 20 16 30
Other 73 0.00% 53 20 14 43
Total 2,113,674 100% 1,091,715 1,021,959 241,005 1,872,669

Governors
General-Governors
Governors
  • 1802–1803 Sergei Bekleshov
  • 1803–1809 Pyotr Berg
  • 1809–1817 Kirill Gladkiy
  • 1817–1820 Ivan Kalageorgiy
  • 1820–1823 Viktor Shemiot
  • 1823–1824 Trofim Tsalaban
  • 1824–1828 Alexei Svyechin
  • 1828–1831 Dmitriy Zakhorzhevskiy
  • 1831–1832 Otto Frank
  • 1832–1836 Nikanor Longinov
  • 1836–1837 Dmitriy Safonov (vice-governor)

Chairmen of the Governorate
Revkoms
  • 26 October 1917 – ? Emmanuil Kviring
  • November 1919 – 1920 Sergei Minin
Ispolkom
  • February 1919 – 1920 Vasiliy Averin
  • 1920 – 1921 Ivan Klymenko
  • 1921 Stepan Vlasenko
  • ? – 1923 Yakov Kuznetsov
  • 1923 – 1924 Samokhvalov
  • February 1925 – August 1925 Ivan Gavrilov

Chekists
Cheka
  • 1919 Vasyl Valiavko (transferred to Volyn Cheka)
  • 1919–1920 Aleksandr Alpov (transferred to Mykolaiv Cheka)
Gub-department of GPU
  • 24 May 1922 – 16 February 1923 Izrail Leplevskiy (transferred to Podolia Cheka)
  • 1923 P. Onishchenko
  • 1 September 1924 – 1 September 1925 Semen Dukelsky

See also

References
  1. Population of Yekaterinoslav
  2. Екатеринославская губерния - вся [Yekaterinoslav Governorate, all], Первая всеобщая перепись населения Российской Империи 1897 г. Распределение населения по родному языку и уездам 50 губерний Европейской России [The first national census of the Russian Empire in 1897. Distribution of the population by mother tongue and uyezd of 50 provinces of European Russia.], Демоскоп Weekly
  3. Екатеринославский уезд - весь [Yekaterinoslav Uyezd, all], Первая всеобщая перепись населения Российской Империи 1897 г. Распределение населения по родному языку и уездам 50 губерний Европейской России [The first national census of the Russian Empire in 1897. Distribution of the population by mother tongue and uyezd of 50 provinces of European Russia.], Демоскоп Weekly
  4. Павлоградский уезд - весь [Pavlograd Uyezd, all], Первая всеобщая перепись населения Российской Империи 1897 г. Распределение населения по родному языку и уездам 50 губерний Европейской России [The first national census of the Russian Empire in 1897. Distribution of the population by mother tongue and uyezd of 50 provinces of European Russia.], Демоскоп Weekly
  5. Бахмутский уезд- весь [Bakhmut Uyezd, all], Первая всеобщая перепись населения Российской Империи 1897 г. Распределение населения по родному языку и уездам 50 губерний Европейской России [The first national census of the Russian Empire in 1897. Distribution of the population by mother tongue and uyezd of 50 provinces of European Russia.], Демоскоп Weekly
  6. Новомосковский уезд - весь [Novomoskovsk Uyezd, all], Первая всеобщая перепись населения Российской Империи 1897 г. Распределение населения по родному языку и уездам 50 губерний Европейской России [The first national census of the Russian Empire in 1897. Distribution of the population by mother tongue and uyezd of 50 provinces of European Russia.], Демоскоп Weekly
  7. Мариупольский уезд - весь [Mariupol Uyezd, all], Первая всеобщая перепись населения Российской Империи 1897 г. Распределение населения по родному языку и уездам 50 губерний Европейской России [The first national census of the Russian Empire in 1897. Distribution of the population by mother tongue and uyezd of 50 provinces of European Russia.], Демоскоп Weekly
  8. Александровский уезд - весь [Alexandrovsk Uyezd, all], Первая всеобщая перепись населения Российской Империи 1897 г. Распределение населения по родному языку и уездам 50 губерний Европейской России [The first national census of the Russian Empire in 1897. Distribution of the population by mother tongue and uyezd of 50 provinces of European Russia.], Демоскоп Weekly
  9. Славяносербский уезд - весь [Slavyanoserbsk Uyezd, all], Первая всеобщая перепись населения Российской Империи 1897 г. Распределение населения по родному языку и уездам 50 губерний Европейской России [The first national census of the Russian Empire in 1897. Distribution of the population by mother tongue and uyezd of 50 provinces of European Russia.], Демоскоп Weekly
  10. Верхнеднепровский уезд - весь [Verkhnedneprovsk Uyezd, all], Первая всеобщая перепись населения Российской Империи 1897 г. Распределение населения по родному языку и уездам 50 губерний Европейской России [The first national census of the Russian Empire in 1897. Distribution of the population by mother tongue and uyezd of 50 provinces of European Russia.], Демоскоп Weekly
  11. The first national census of the Russian Empire in 1897, Ed. N.A.Troynitskogo. t.I. The total body of the Empire's first general census of population development results produced by 28 January 1897. St. Petersburg, 1905. Table XII. Population by religions.
    Religion Statistics of 1897 Yekaterinoslav (in Russian)
    Religion Statistics of 1897 Yekaterinoslav in the cities (in Russian)

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