Viceroy of the Three Northeast Provinces

The Viceroy of the Three Northeast Provinces, fully referred to in Chinese as the Governor-General of the Three Northeast Provinces and Surrounding Areas Overseeing Military Generals of the Three Provinces, Director of Civil Affairs of Fengtian (Manchu: dergi ilan goloi uheri kadalara amban), sometimes referred to as the Viceroy of Manchuria, was a regional viceroy in China during the Qing dynasty. It was the only regional viceroy whose jurisdiction was outside China proper. The Viceroy had control over Fengtian (present-day Liaoning), Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces in Northeast China, which was also known as Manchuria.

Map of viceroys in Qing Dynasty of China
Viceroy of the Three Northeast Provinces
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese東三省總督
Simplified Chinese东三省总督
Governor-General of the Three Northeast Provinces and Surrounding Areas Overseeing Military Generals of the Three Provinces, Director of Civil Affairs of Fengtian
Traditional Chinese總督東三省等處地方兼管三省將軍、奉天巡撫事
Simplified Chinese总督东三省等处地方兼管三省将军、奉天巡抚事
Manchu name
Manchu scriptᡩᡝᡵᡤᡳ
ᡳᠯᠠᠨ
ᡤᠣᠯᠣᡳ
ᡠᡥᡝᡵᡳ
ᡴᠠᡩᠠᠯᠠᡵᠠ
ᠠᠮᠪᠠᠨ
Romanizationdergi ilan goloi uheri kadalara amban

History

The office of the Viceroy of the Three Northeast Provinces previously existed as the "General of Liaodong" (遼東將軍), which was created in 1662 during the reign of the Kangxi Emperor. The post was subsequently renamed to "General of Fengtian" (奉天將軍) and "General of Shengjing" (盛京將軍).

In 1876, during the reign of the Guangxu Emperor, the General of Shengjing was given additional concurrent appointments as Secretary of Defence and Secretary of Justice and Prefect of Fengtian Prefecture (奉天府尹). He also gained honorary titles as a Viceroy, Secretary of Defence, and Right Censor-in-Chief of the Detection Branch. In 1907, the offices of General of Jilin, General of Heilongjiang and General of Shengjing were merged under a single office, Viceroy of the Three Northeast Provinces. The Viceroy also received an additional honorary title as an Imperial Commissioner.

From 1910 to 1911, the Viceroy concurrently held the appointment of Provincial Governor of Fengtian.

List of Viceroys of the Three Northeast Provinces
#NamePortraitStart of termEnd of termNotes
1Xu Shichang
徐世昌		12 June 19078 February 1909
2Xiliang
錫良		8 February 190920 April 1911
3Zhao Erxun
趙爾巽		20 April 191112 February 1912

See also

References
    • Zhao, Erxun (1928). Draft History of Qing (Qing Shi Gao) (in Chinese). Volumes 197–199.
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