US Open (tennis)

The United States Open Tennis Championships is a hard court tennis tournament. The tournament is the modern version of one of the oldest tennis championships in the world, the U.S. National Championship, for which men's singles and men's doubles were first played in 1881.

US Open
Official website
Founded1881 (1881)
Editions139 (2019)
LocationNew York City, New York,
United States
VenueUSTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center
SurfaceGrass – outdoors (1881–1974)
Clay – outdoors (1975–1977)
Hard – outdoors (since 1978)[lower-alpha 1]
Prize moneyUS$57 million (2019) [1]
Men's
Draw128S / 128Q / 64D
Current championsRafael Nadal
(singles)
Juan Sebastián Cabal
Robert Farah (doubles)
Most singles titles7
Richard Sears
William Larned
Bill Tilden
Most doubles titles6
Mike Bryan
Richard Sears
Holcombe Ward
Women's
Draw128S / 128Q / 64D
Current championsBianca Andreescu (singles)
Elise Mertens
Aryna Sabalenka (doubles)
Most singles titles8
Molla Mallory
Most doubles titles13
Margaret Osborne duPont
Mixed doubles
Draw32
Current championsBethanie Mattek-Sands
Jamie Murray
Most titles (male)4
Bill Tilden
Bill Talbert
Bob Bryan
Most titles (female)9
Margaret Osborne duPont
Grand Slam
Last completed
2019 US Open

Since 1987, the US Open has been chronologically the fourth and final Grand Slam tournament of the year. The other three, in chronological order, are the Australian Open, the French Open, and Wimbledon. The US Open starts on the last Monday of August and continues for two weeks, with the middle weekend coinciding with the U.S. Labor Day holiday.

The tournament consists of five primary championships: men's and women's singles, men's and women's doubles, and mixed doubles. The tournament also includes events for senior, junior, and wheelchair players. Since 1978, the tournament has been played on acrylic hard courts at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows–Corona Park, Queens, New York City. The US Open is owned and organized by the United States Tennis Association (USTA), a non-profit organization, and the chairperson of the US Open is Katrina Adams. Revenue from ticket sales, sponsorships, and television contracts are used to develop tennis in the United States.

The US Open employs standard 7-points tiebreakers in every set of a singles match. For the other three Grand Slam events, there are special scoring methods for a match that reaches 6–6 in the last possible set (the third for women and the fifth for men): in the French Open, the decisive set continues until a player takes a two-game lead, in Australia, an extended tiebreaker to 10 points is played, and at Wimbledon, a standard tiebreaker is played only if the game score reaches 12–12. As with the US Open, those events use tiebreakers to decide the other sets.

History

1881–1914: Newport Casino
The Newport Casino Tennis Court (as of 2005), where the US Open was first held in 1881

The tournament was first held in August 1881 on grass courts at the Newport Casino in Newport, Rhode Island. That year, only clubs that were members of the United States National Lawn Tennis Association (USNLTA) were permitted to enter.[2] Richard Sears won the men's singles at this tournament, which was the first of his seven consecutive singles titles.[3]

Semifinal at the 1890 US Tennis Championships at Newport. Match between Oliver Campbell and Bob Huntington

From 1884 through 1911, the tournament used a challenge system whereby the defending champion automatically qualified for the next year's final, where he would play the winner of the all-comers tournament. In 1915, the national championship was relocated to the West Side Tennis Club in Forest Hills, Queens, New York City. The effort to relocate it to New York City began as early as 1911 when a group of tennis players, headed by New Yorker Karl Behr, started working on it.[4]

In the first years of the U.S. National Championship, only men competed and the tournament was known as the U.S. National Singles Championships for Men. In 1887, six years after the men's nationals were first held, the first U.S. Women's National Singles Championship was held at the Philadelphia Cricket Club. The winner was 17-year-old Philadelphian Ellen Hansell. This was followed by the introduction of the U.S. Women's National Doubles Championship in 1899 and the U.S. Mixed Doubles Championship in 1892. The women's tournament used a challenge system from 1888 through 1918, except in 1917. Between 1890 and 1906, sectional tournaments were held in the east and the west of the country to determine the best two doubles teams, which competed in a play-off for the right to compete against the defending champions in the challenge round.[5]

1915–1977: West Side Tennis Club

In early 1915, a group of about 100 tennis players signed a petition in favor of moving the tournament. They argued that most tennis clubs, players, and fans were located in the New York City area and that it would therefore be beneficial for the development of the sport to host the national championship there.[6] This view was opposed by another group of players that included eight former national singles champions.[7][8] This contentious issue was brought to a vote at the annual USNLTA meeting on February 5, 1915, with 128 votes in favor of and 119 against relocation.[9][10][11]

From 1921 through 1923, the tournament was played at the Germantown Cricket Club in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.[12] It returned to the West Side Tennis Club in 1924 following completion of the 14,000-seat Forest Hills Stadium.[5] Although many already regarded it as a major championship, the International Lawn Tennis Federation officially designated it as one of the world's major tournaments commencing in 1924.

At the 1922 U.S. National Championships, the draw seeded players for the first time to prevent the leading players from playing each other in the early rounds.[13][14]

Open era

The open era began in 1968 when professional tennis players were allowed to compete for the first time at the Grand Slam tournament held at the West Side Tennis Club. The previous U.S. National Championships had been limited to amateur players. Except for mixed doubles, all events at the 1968 national tournament were open to professionals. That year, 96 men and 63 women entered, and prize money totaled US$100,000. In 1970, the US Open became the first Grand Slam tournament to use a tiebreaker to decide a set that reached a 6–6 score in games. From 1970 through 1974, the US Open used a best-of-nine-point sudden-death tiebreaker before moving to the International Tennis Federation's (ITF) best-of-twelve points system.[3] In 1973, the US Open became the first Grand Slam tournament to award equal prize money to men and women, with that year's singles champions, John Newcombe and Margaret Court, receiving US$25,000 each.[3] From 1975, following complaints about the surface and its impact on the ball's bounce the tournament played on clay courts instead of grass, this was also an experiment to make it more "TV friendly". The addition of floodlights allowed matches to be played at night. [15][16]

Since 1978: USTA National Tennis Center

In 1978, the tournament moved from the West Side Tennis Club to the larger and newly constructed USTA National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows, Queens, 3 miles (4.8 km) to the north. The tournament's court surface also switched from clay to hard. Jimmy Connors is the only individual to have won US Open singles titles on three surfaces (grass, clay, and hard), while Chris Evert is the only woman to win US Open singles titles on two surfaces (clay and hard).[3]

The US Open is the only Grand Slam tournament that has been played every year since its inception.[17]

During the 2006 US Open, the complex was renamed to "USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center" in honor of Billie Jean King, a four-time US Open singles champion and women's tennis pioneer.[18]

From 1984 through 2015, the US Open deviated from traditional scheduling practices for tennis tournaments with a concept that came to be known as "Super Saturday": the men's and women's finals were played on the final Saturday and Sunday of the tournament respectively, and their respective semifinals were held one day prior. The Women's final was originally held in between the two men's semi-final matches; in 2001, the Women's final was moved to the evening so it could be played on primetime television, citing a major growth in popularity for women's tennis among viewers.[19] This scheduling pattern helped to encourage television viewership, but proved divisive among players because it only gave them less than a day's rest between their semi-finals and championship match.[20][21]

For five consecutive tournaments between 2007 through 2012, the men's final was postponed to Monday due to weather. In 2013 and 2014, the USTA intentionally scheduled the men's final on a Monday—a move praised for allowing the men's players an extra day's rest following the semifinals, but drew the ire of the ATP for further deviating from the structure of the other Grand Slams.[22][20] In 2015, the Super Saturday concept was dropped, and the US Open returned to a format similar to the other Grand Slams, with men's and women's finals on Saturday and Sunday. However, weather delays forced both sets of semifinals to be held on Friday that year.[23][21]

In 2018, the tournament was the first Grand Slam tournament that introduced the shot clock to keep a check on the time consumed by players between points.[lower-alpha 2] The reason for this change was to increase the pace of play.[25] The clock is placed in a position visible to players, the chair umpire and fans.[26] Since 2020, all Grand Slams, ATP, and WTA tournaments apply this technology.[27]

2020 US Open

The 2020 event is scheduled to be held without spectators due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[28] There was controversy when it was announced that the wheelchair tennis competition would not be held, without USTA having consulted with the disabled athletes, as it had consulted with the player's bodies for the non-disabled competitions. After accusations of discrimination USTA was forced to backtrack, admitting it should have discussed the decision with the disabled competitors and offering them either $150,000 to be split between them (compared with $3.3m to be split between the players affected by the cancellation of each of the men's and women's qualifying competition and reductions in the mixed-doubles pool), a competition as part of the Open with 95% of the 2019 prize fund, or a competition to be held at the USTA base in Florida.[29]

Grounds
Arthur Ashe stadium in 2010
Arthur Ashe Stadium in 2018 with the roof open.

The grounds of the US Open have 22 outdoor courts (plus 12 practice courts just outside the East Gate) consisting of four "show courts" (Arthur Ashe Stadium, Louis Armstrong Stadium, the Grandstand, and Court 17), 13 field courts, and 5 practice courts.

The main court is the 23,771-seat[30] Arthur Ashe Stadium, which opened in 1997. A US$180 million[31] retractable roof was added in 2016.[32] The stadium is named after Arthur Ashe, the African-American who won the men's singles title at the inaugural US Open in 1968, the Australian Open in 1970, and Wimbledon in 1975 and who was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1985. The next largest court is the 14,061-seat Louis Armstrong Stadium, which cost US$200 million to build and opened in 2018.[31] The 6,400-seat lower tier of this stadium is separately ticketed, reserved seating while the 7,661-seat upper tier is general admission and not separately ticketed.[31][33] The third largest court is the 8,125-seat Grandstand in the southwest corner of the grounds, which opened in 2016.[32] Court 17 in the southeast corner of the grounds is the fourth largest stadium. It opened with temporary seating in 2011 and received its permanent seating the following year.[34] It has a seating capacity of 2,800, all of which is general admission and not separately ticketed.[34] It is nicknamed "The Pit", partly because the playing surface is sunk 8 feet into the ground.[34][35] The total seating capacity for practice courts P1-P5 is 672 and for competition Courts 4–16 is 12,656, itemized as follows:[36]

  • Courts 11 & 12: 1,704 each
  • Court 7: 1,494
  • Court 5: 1,148
  • Courts 10 & 13: 1,104 each
  • Court 4: 1,066
  • Court 6: 1,032
  • Court 9: 624
  • Courts 14 & 15: 502 each
  • Courts 8 & 16: 336 each

All the courts used by the US Open are illuminated, allowing matches and television coverage to extend into primetime. In 2001, the women's singles final was intentionally scheduled for primetime for the first time. CBS Sports president Sean McManus cited significant public interest in star players Serena Williams and Venus Williams and the good ratings performance of the 1999 women's singles final, which was pushed into primetime by rain delays.[19]

Surface

Since 1978, the US Open has been played on a hard court surface called Pro DecoTurf. It is a multi-layer cushioned surface and classified by the International Tennis Federation as medium-fast.[37] Each August before the start of the tournament, the courts are resurfaced.[38]

Since 2005, all US Open and US Open Series tennis courts have been painted a shade of blue (trademarked as "U.S. Open Blue") inside the lines to make it easier for players, spectators, and television viewers to see the ball.[39] The area outside the lines is still painted "U.S. Open Green".[39]

Player line call challenges

In 2006, the US Open introduced instant replay reviews of line calls, using the Hawk-Eye computer system. It was the first Grand Slam tournament to use the system. According to many experts, the system was implemented because of a controversial quarterfinal match at the 2004 US Open between Serena Williams and Jennifer Capriati, where important line calls went against Williams.[40] Instant replay was available only on the Arthur Ashe Stadium and Louis Armstrong Stadium courts through the 2008 tournament. In 2009, it became available on the Grandstand court. Starting in 2018, all competition courts are outfitted with Hawk-Eye and all matches in the main draws (Men's and Women's Singles and Doubles) follow the same procedure – each player is allowed 3 incorrect challenges per set, with one more being allowed in a tiebreak.

In 2007, JP Morgan Chase renewed its sponsorship of the US Open and, as part of the arrangement, the replay system was renamed to "Chase Review" on in-stadium video and television.[41]

Recent attendance
201920182017201620152014201320122011201020092008200720062005
737,872732,663691,143688,542691,280713,642713,026710,803658,664712,976721,059720,227715,587640,000659,538

Sources: US Open,[42] Record Attendance 2019,[43] City University of New York (CUNY)[44][45]

Prize money

The total prize money for the 2018 US Open was US$53 million. Of that amount, US$50,565,840 is for player base compensation and is divided as follows:[46]

Event W F SF 4th Round 3rd Round 2nd Round 1st Round Q3 Q2 Q1
Singles 3,800,000 1,850,000 925,000 475,000 266,000 156,000 93,000 54,000 30,000 16,000 8,000
Doubles* 700,000 350,000 166,400 85,275 N/A 46,563 27,876 16,500 N/A N/A N/A
Mixed Doubles* 155,000 70,000 30,000 15,000 N/A N/A 10,000 5,000 N/A N/A N/A

* per team

The men's and women's singles prize money (US$40,912,000) accounts for 80.9 percent of total player base compensation, while men's and women's doubles (US$6,140,840), men's and women's singles qualifying (US$3,008,000), and mixed doubles (US$505,000) account for 12.1 percent, 5.9 percent, and 1.0 percent, respectively.[46] The prize money for the wheelchair draw amounts to a total of US$350,000. The singles winners of the men and women draws receive US$31,200 and the winner of the quad singles receives US$23,400.[47]

The United States Tennis Association in 2012 agreed to increase the US Open prize money to US$50,400,000 by 2017. As a result, the prize money for the 2013 tournament was US$33.6 million, a record US$8.1 million increase from 2012. The champions of the 2013 US Open Series also had the opportunity to add US$2.6 million in bonus prize money, potentially bringing the total 2013 US Open purse to more than US$36 million.[48] In 2014, the prize money was US$38.3 million.[49] In 2015, the prize money was raised to US$42.3 million.[50]

Ranking points

Ranking points for the men (ATP) and women (WTA) have varied at the US Open through the years but presently singles players receive the following points:

Event W F SF QF 4R 3R 2R 1R
Singles Men 2000 1200 720 360 180 90 45 10
Women[51] 2000 1300 780 430 240 130 70 10
Doubles Men 2000 1200 720 360 180 90 0 –
Women 2000 1300 780 430 240 130 10 –

Champions

Past champions

Current champions
  • Rafael Nadal won the men's singles title in 2019. It was his fourth US Open title and 19th Grand Slam title.
  • Bianca Andreescu won the women's singles title in 2019. She became the first Canadian to win the Grand Slam singles title and it was her first Grand Slam title.
  • Juan Sebastián Cabal was part of the winning men's doubles team in 2019. It was his third Grand Slam title.
  • Robert Farah was part of the winning men's doubles team in 2019. It was his second Grand Slam title.
  • Elise Mertens was part of the winning women's doubles team in 2019 and it was her first Grand Slam title.
  • Aryna Sabalenka was part of the winning women's doubles team in 2019 and it was her first Grand Slam title.
  • Bethanie Mattek-Sands was part of the winning Mixed Doubles team in 2019. It was her ninth Grand Slam title and third in the US Open.
  • Jamie Murray was part of the winning Mixed Doubles team in 2019. It was his seventh Grand Slam title and fourth in the US Open.
Event Champion Runner-up Score
Men's singles final Rafael Nadal Daniil Medvedev 7–5, 6–3, 5–7, 4–6, 6–4
Women's singles final Bianca Andreescu Serena Williams 6–3, 7–5
Men's doubles final Juan Sebastián Cabal
Robert Farah		 Marcel Granollers
Horacio Zeballos		 6–4, 7–5
Women's doubles final Elise Mertens
Aryna Sabalenka		 Victoria Azarenka
Ashleigh Barty		 7–5, 7–5
Mixed doubles final Bethanie Mattek-Sands
Jamie Murray		 Chan Hao-ching
Michael Venus		 6–2, 6–3

Records
Record Era Player(s) Count Years
Men since 1881
Most men's singles titles Before 1968 Richard Sears71881–87
William Larned1901–02, 1907–11
Bill Tilden1920–25, 1929
Open Era Jimmy Connors51974, 1976, 1978, 1982–83
Pete Sampras1990, 1993, 1995–96, 2002
Roger Federer2004–08
Most consecutive
men's singles titles		 Before 1968 Richard Sears71881–87
Open Era Roger Federer52004–08
Most men's doubles titles Before 1968 Richard Sears61882–84, 1886–87 with James Dwight
1885 with Joseph Clark
Holcombe Ward1899–1901 with Dwight F. Davis
1904–06 with Beals Wright
Open Era Mike Bryan62005, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014 with Bob Bryan
2018 with Jack Sock
Most consecutive
men's doubles titles		 Before 1968 Richard Sears61882–87
Open Era Todd Woodbridge21995–96
Mark Woodforde1995–96
Men with most
mixed doubles titles		 All time Edwin P. Fischer41894–96 with Juliette Atkinson
1898 with Carrie Neely
Wallace F. Johnson1907 with May Sayers
1909, 1911, 1915 with Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman
Bill Tilden1913–14 with Mary Browne
1922–23 with Molla Mallory
Bill Talbert1943–46 with Margaret Osborne duPont
Owen Davidson1966 with Donna Floyd
1967, 1971, 1973 with Billie Jean King
Marty Riessen1969–70, 1972 with Margaret Court
1980 with Wendy Turnbull
Bob Bryan2003 with Katarina Srebotnik
2004 with Vera Zvonareva
2006 with Martina Navratilova
2010 with Liezel Huber
Most titles (singles,
men's doubles,
mixed doubles) – Men		 Before 1968 Bill Tilden161913–29 (7 singles,
5 men's doubles,
4 mixed doubles)
Open Era Bob Bryan92003–14 (5 men's doubles,
4 mixed doubles)
Women since 1887
Most women's singles titles Before 1968 / Molla Mallory81915–18, 1920–22, 1926
Open Era Chris Evert61975–78, 1980, 1982
Serena Williams1999, 2002, 2008, 2012–14
Most consecutive women's
singles titles		 Before 1968 / Molla Mallory41915–18
Helen Jacobs1932–35
Open Era Chris Evert41975–78
Most women's
doubles titles		 Before 1968 Margaret Osborne duPont131941 with Sarah Palfrey Cooke
1942–50, 1955–57 with Louise Brough
Open Era Martina Navratilova91977 with Betty Stöve
1978, 1980 with Billie Jean King
1983–84, 1986–87 with Pam Shriver
1989 with Hana Mandlíková
1990 with Gigi Fernández
Most consecutive women's
doubles titles		 Before 1968 Margaret Osborne duPont101941 with Sarah Palfrey Cooke
1942–50 with Louise Brough
Open Era Virginia Ruano Pascual32002–04
Paola Suárez2002–04
Women with most
mixed doubles titles		 Before 1968 Margaret Osborne duPont91943–46 with Bill Talbert
1950 with Ken McGregor
1956 with Ken Rosewall
1958–60 with Neale Fraser
Open Era Margaret Court31969–70, 1972 with Marty Riessen
Billie Jean King1971, 1973 with Owen Davidson
1976 with Phil Dent
Martina Navratilova1985 with Heinz Günthardt
1987 with Emilio Sánchez
2006 with Bob Bryan
Most titles (singles,
women's doubles, mixed doubles) –
Women		 Before 1968 Margaret Osborne duPont251941–60 (3 singles,
13 women's doubles,
9 mixed doubles)
Open Era Martina Navratilova161977–2006 (4 singles,
9 women's doubles,
3 mixed doubles)
Miscellaneous
Youngest singles titlest Men Pete Sampras 19 years and 1 month[52]
Women Tracy Austin 16 years and 8 months[52]
Oldest singles titlest Men William Larned 38 years and 8 months[52]
Women / Molla Mallory 42 years and 5 months[52]

Media coverage

The US Open's website allows viewing of live streaming video, but unlike other Grand Slam tournaments, does not allow watching video on demand. The site also offers live radio coverage.

United States

ESPN[53] took full control of televising the event in 2015. When taking over, ESPN ended 47 years of coverage produced and aired by CBS.[54] ESPN uses ESPN and ESPN2 for broadcasts, while putting outer court coverage on ESPN+.

Other countries
  • Albania: Eurosport[53]
  • Algeria: beIN Media Group and Eurosport[53]
  • Andorra: Eurosport[53]
  • Angola: SuperSport[53]
  • Armenia: Eurosport[53]
  • Ascension Island: ESPN International[53]
  • Australia: ESPN International[53]
  • Austria: Eurosport and Österreichischer Rundfunk (ORF)[53]
  • Azerbaijan: Eurosport[53]
  • Bahrain: beIN Media Group[53]
  • Bangladesh: Star India[53]
  • Belarus: Eurosport[53] i
  • Belgium: Eurosport[53]
  • Benin: SuperSport[53]
  • Bhutan: Star India[53]
  • Bosnia-Herzegovina: Eurosport[53]
  • Botswana: SuperSport[53]
  • Brazil: ESPN and SporTV[53][55]
  • Brunei: Fox Sports Asia has the exclusive right to broadcast the event from 2017 through 2021.[56][53]
  • Bulgaria: Eurosport[53]
  • Burkina Faso: SuperSport[53]
  • Burundi: SuperSport[53]
  • Cambodia: Fox Sports Asia[53] has the exclusive right to broadcast the event from 2017 through 2021.[56]
  • Cameroon: SuperSport[53]
  • Canada: The Sports Network (TSN) and Réseau des sports (RDS)[53]
  • Cape Verde: SuperSport[53]
  • Central African Republic: SuperSport[53]
  • Central America: ESPN International[53]
  • Chad: beIN Media Group and SuperSport[53]
  • China, People's Republic of: Fox Sports Asia (English-language only),[53]China Central Television (CCTV), and Tencent[53]
  • Comoros: SuperSport[53]
  • Congo, Democratic Republic of the: SuperSport[53]
  • Congo, Republic of the: SuperSport[53]
  • Croatia: Eurosport[53]
  • Cyprus: Eurosport[53]
  • Czech Republic: Eurosport[53]
  • Denmark: Eurosport[53]
  • Djibouti: beIN Media Group and SuperSport[53]
  • East Timor: Fox Sports Asia[53] has the exclusive right to broadcast the event from 2017 through 2021.[56]
  • Egypt: beIN Media Group and Eurosport]l[53]
  • Equatorial Guinea: SuperSport[53]
  • Eritrea: SuperSport[53]
  • Estonia: Eurosport[53]
  • Eswatini: SuperSport[53]
  • Ethiopia: SuperSport[53]
  • Finland: Eurosport[53]
  • France: Eurosport[53]
  • Gabon: SuperSport[53]
  • Gambia, The: SuperSport[53]
  • Georgia: Eurosport[53]
  • Germany: Eurosport[53]
  • Ghana: SuperSport[53]
  • Greece: Eurosport[53]
  • Guinea: SuperSport[53]
  • Guinea-Bissau: SuperSport[53]
  • Hong Kong: Fox Sports Asia[53] has the exclusive right to broadcast the event from 2017 through 2021.[56]
  • Hungary: Eurosport[53]
  • Iceland: Eurosport[53]
  • India: Star India[53]
  • Indonesia: Fox Sports Asia[53] has the exclusive right to broadcast the event from 2017 through 2021.[56]
  • Iran: beIN Media Group[53]
  • Iraq: beIN Media Group[53]
  • Ireland: From 2018 through 2022, Amazon Prime Video[53] is broadcasting the US Open.[57]
  • Israel: Eurosport[53]
  • Italy: Eurosport[53]
  • Ivory Coast: SuperSport[53]
  • Japan: Wowow[53]
  • Jordan: beIN Media Group and Eurosport[53]
  • Kazakhstan: Eurosport[53]
  • Kenya: SuperSport[53]
  • Kosovo: Eurosport[53]
  • Kuwait: beIN Media Group[53]
  • Kyrgyzstan: Eurosport[53]
  • Laos: Fox Sports Asia[53] has the exclusive right to broadcast the event from 2017 through 2021.[56]
  • Latvia: Eurosport[53]
  • Lebanon: beIN Media Group and Eurosport[53]
  • Lesotho: SuperSport[53]
  • Liberia: SuperSport[53]
  • Libya: beIN Media Group and Eurosport[53]
  • Liechtenstein: Eurosport[53]
  • Lithuania: Eurosport[53]
  • Luxembourg: Eurosport[53]
  • Macau: Fox Sports Asia[53] has the exclusive right to broadcast the event from 2017 through 2021.[56]
  • Macedonia: Eurosport[53]
  • Madagascar: SuperSport[53]
  • Malawi: SuperSport[53]
  • Malaysia: Fox Sports Asia[53] has the exclusive right to broadcast the event from 2017 through 2021.[56]
  • Maldives: Star India[53]
  • Mali: SuperSport[53]
  • Malta: Eurosport[53]
  • Mauritania: beIN Media Group and SuperSport[53]
  • Mauritius: SuperSport[53]
  • Mayotte: SuperSport[53]
  • Mexico: ESPN International[53]
  • Moldova: Eurosport[53]
  • Monaco: Eurosport[53]
  • Mongolia: Fox Sports Asia[53] has the exclusive right to broadcast the event from 2017 through 2021.[56]
  • Montenegro: Eurosport[53]
  • Morocco: beIN Media Group and Eurosport[53]
  • Mozambique: SuperSport[53]
  • Myanmar: Fox Sports Asia[53] has the exclusive right to broadcast the event from 2017 through 2021.[56]
  • Namibia: SuperSport[53]
  • Nepal: Star India[53]
  • Netherlands: Eurosport[53]
  • New Zealand: ESPN International[53]
  • Niger: SuperSport[53]
  • Nigeria: SuperSport[53]
  • Norway: Eurosport[53]
  • Oman: beIN Media Group[53]
  • Pacific islands: ESPN International[53]
  • Pakistan: Star India[53]
  • Palestinian Territories: beIN Media Group[53]
  • Papua New Guinea: Fox Sports Asia[53] has the exclusive right to broadcast the event from 2017 through 2021.[56]
  • Philippines: Fox Sports Asia[53] has the exclusive right to broadcast the event from 2017 through 2021.[56]
  • Poland: Eurosport[53]
  • Portugal: Eurosport[53]
  • Puerto Rico: ESPN[53]
  • Qatar: beIN Media Group[53]
  • Reunion: SuperSport[53]
  • Romania: Eurosport[53]
  • Russia: Eurosport[53]
  • Rwanda: SuperSport[53]
  • San Marino: Eurosport[53]
  • São Tomé and Príncipe: SuperSport[53]
  • Saudi Arabia: beIN Media Group[53]
  • Senegal: SuperSport[53]
  • Serbia: Eurosport[53]
  • Seychelles: SuperSport[53]
  • Sierra Leone: SuperSport[53]
  • Singapore: Fox Sports Asia[53] has the exclusive right to broadcast the event from 2017 through 2021.[56]
  • Slovakia: Eurosport[53]
  • Slovenia: Eurosport[53]
  • Socotra: SuperSport[53]
  • Somalia: beIN Media Group and SuperSport[53]
  • South Africa: SuperSport[53]
  • South America: ESPN International[53]
  • South Korea: JTBC Golf&Sports[53] has the exclusive right to broadcast the event from 2017 through 2021.[56]
  • South Sudan: SuperSport[53]
  • Spain: Eurosport[53]
  • Sri Lanka: Star India[53]
  • St. Helena and Asencion: SuperSport[53]
  • Sudan: beIN Media Group and SuperSport[53]
  • Sweden: Eurosport[53]
  • Switzerland: Eurosport and Swiss Broadcasting Corporation[53]
  • Syria: beIN Media Group and Eurosport[53]
  • Taiwan: Fox Sports Asia[53] has the exclusive right to broadcast the event from 2017 through 2021.[56]
  • Tajikistan: Eurosport[53]
  • Tanzania: SuperSport[53]
  • Thailand: Fox Sports Asia[53] has the exclusive right to broadcast the event from 2017 through 2021.[56]
  • Togo: SuperSport[53]
  • Tunisia: beIN Media Group and Eurosport[53]
  • Turkey: Eurosport[53]
  • Turkmenistan: Eurosport[53]
  • Uganda: SuperSport[53]
  • Ukraine: Eurosport[53]
  • United Arab Emirates: beIN Media Group[53]
  • United Kingdom: From 2018 through 2022, Amazon Prime Video[53] is broadcasting the US Open.[57]
  • Uzbekistan: Eurosport[53]
  • Vatican State: Eurosport[53]
  • Vietnam: Fox Sports Asia[53] has the exclusive right to broadcast the event from 2017 through 2021.[56]
  • Yemen: beIN Media Group[53]
  • Zambia: SuperSport[53]
  • Zimbabwe: SuperSport[53]

See also

Notes
  1. Except Arthur Ashe Stadium and Louis Armstrong Stadium during rain delays.
  2. Once the chair umpire has announced the score following the previous point, the countdown starts and players have 25 seconds to begin their service motion. However, the chair umpire has the ability and discretion to pause or reset the clock to 25 seconds the clock if a point with a particularly long rally merits a pause for the players to recover their breath. In normal circumstances during the game, if the player has not started the service motion at the completion of the 25-second countdown, the chair umpire issues a time violation. The server will receive a warning and for each subsequent violation, the player loses a first serve (second serves are supposed to happen without delay, so the clock won't be used). In the case of the receiver, if it isn't ready at the end of 25 seconds, the chair umpire first issues a warning, then the loss of a point with every other violation. After even-numbered games, the chair umpire will start the clock when the balls are all in place on the server’s end of the court.[24]
  3. The last American to win the men's singles title was Andy Roddick in 2003.
  4. The last American to win the women's singles title was Sloane Stephens in 2017.

References
  1. 2019 US Open Prize Money
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  3. Bud Collins (2010). The Bud Collins History of Tennis (2nd ed.). New York City: New Chapter Press. pp. 10, 452, 454. ISBN 978-0942257700.
  4. "Tennis Tournament at Newport Again" (PDF). The New York Times. February 4, 1911. Retrieved July 16, 2012.
  5. Bill Shannon (1981). United States Tennis Association Official Encyclopedia of Tennis (Centennial edition). New York City: Harper & Row. pp. 237–249. ISBN 0-06-014896-9.
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  7. "Want Newport for Tennis Tourney" (PDF). The New York Times. January 18, 1915. Retrieved July 16, 2012.
  8. "A Tennis "Solar Plexus"" (PDF). The New York Times. January 23, 1915. Retrieved July 16, 2012.
  9. "Tourney Goes to New York". Boston Evening Transcript. February 6, 1915. Retrieved July 16, 2012.
  10. "'All-Comers' Tourney to be Restricted" (PDF). The New York Times. February 7, 1915. Retrieved July 16, 2012.
  11. "Newport Loses Tennis Tourney" (PDF). The New York Times. February 6, 1915. Retrieved July 21, 2012.
  12. "Germantown Cricket Club History". Germantown Cricket Club. Archived from the original on April 3, 2012. Retrieved December 15, 2013.
  13. "Recommendation is made for the abolition of blind draw in promotion of tennis tourneys". Newspapers.com. Evening Public Ledger. December 19, 1921. p. 21.
  14. E. Digby Baltzell. Sporting Gentlemen: Men's Tennis from the Age of Honor to the Cult of the Superstar. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers. p. 182. ISBN 978-14128-5180-0.
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  16. Maverick, Vickey (August 27, 2016). "When the US Open was played on clay…". Medium. Retrieved May 15, 2020.
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  18. Richard Sandomir (August 3, 2006). "Tennis Center to Be Named for Billie Jean King". The New York Times.
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  20. "ATP blasts US Open over Monday final". ESPN.co.uk. Retrieved August 31, 2015.
  21. "Traditional US Open scheduling favors Federer". ESPN.go.com. Retrieved August 31, 2015.
  22. "US Open schedules Monday finish". ESPN.co.uk. Retrieved August 31, 2015.
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  25. Marshall, Ashley (July 11, 2018). "Shot clock, warm-up clock to be implemented at 2018 US Open". usopen.org. Retrieved March 29, 2020.
  26. "USTA, ATP & WTA Implement Rules Innovations At Events Throughout Summer". atptour.com. July 11, 2018. Retrieved March 29, 2020.
  27. "Tennis: ATP to use Shot Clock in all tournaments in 2020". Reuters. London. March 13, 2019. Retrieved March 29, 2020.
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  30. "USTA ARTHUR ASHE STADIUM". Rossetti. Retrieved August 25, 2018.
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  32. David W. Dunlap (August 29, 2016). "How the Roof Was Raised at Arthur Ashe Stadium". The New York Times. Retrieved August 25, 2018.
  33. Tim Newcomb (August 8, 2018). "Finishing Touches at U.S. Open's Home". VenuesNow. Retrieved August 28, 2018.
  34. Howard Beck (September 4, 2011). "A Tiny New Stage for High-Energy Tennis". The New York Times. Retrieved August 25, 2018.
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  53. "International TV Schedule". United States Tennis Association. Retrieved August 30, 2018.
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Preceded by
Wimbledon		 Grand Slam Tournament
August–September		 Succeeded by
Australian Open
French Open
Preceded by
New Haven		 US Open Series
July–September		 Succeeded by
None
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