Association of Tennis Professionals

The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) is a main men's tennis governing body.

Association of Tennis Professionals
SportProfessional tennis
AbbreviationATP
FoundedSeptember 1972 (1972-09)
LocationUnited Kingdom (HQ)
Monaco
United States
Australia
Chairman Andrea Gaudenzi
CEO Massimo Calvelli
Official website
www.atptour.com
Current season: 2020 ATP Tour

It was formed in September 1972 by Donald Dell, Jack Kramer, and Cliff Drysdale to protect the interests of professional tennis players, and Drysdale became the first President. Since 1990, the association has organized the ATP Tour, the worldwide tennis tour for men and linked the title of the tour with the organization's name. It is the governing body of men's professional tennis. In 1990 the organization was called the ATP Tour, which was renamed in 2001 as just ATP and the tour being called ATP Tour. In 2009 the name of the tour was changed again and was known as the ATP World Tour, but changed again to the ATP Tour by 2019.[1] It is an evolution of the tour competitions previously known as Grand Prix tennis tournaments and World Championship Tennis (WCT).

The ATP's global headquarters are in London. ATP Americas is based in Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida; ATP Europe is headquartered in Monaco; and ATP International, which covers Africa, Asia and Australasia, is based in Sydney, Australia.

Early history
See also: Grand Prix tennis circuit and World Championship Tennis

Started in 1972 by Jack Kramer, Donald Dell, and Cliff Drysdale, it was first managed by Jack Kramer, as Executive Director, and Cliff Drysdale, as President. Jim McManus was a founding member.[2] Kramer created the professional players' rankings system, which started the following year and is still in use. From 1974 to 1989, the men's circuit was administered by a sub-committee called the Men's International Professional Tennis Council (MIPTC). It was made up of representatives of the International Tennis Federation (ITF), the ATP, and tournament directors from around the world. The ATP successfully requested that the MIPTC introduce a drug testing rule, making tennis the first professional sport to institute a drug-testing program.

1973 Wimbledon boycott

In May 1973 Nikola Pilić, Yugoslavia's number one tennis player, was suspended by his national lawn tennis association, who claimed he had refused to play in a Davis Cup tie for his country earlier that month.[3] The initial suspension of nine months, supported by the International Lawn Tennis Federation (ILTF), was later reduced by the ILTF to one month which meant that Pilic would not be allowed to play at Wimbledon.[4]

In response the ATP threatened a boycott, stating that if Pilić was not allowed to compete none should. After last-ditch attempts at a compromise failed the ATP voted in favor of a boycott and as a result 81 of the top players, including reigning champion Stan Smith and 13 of the 16 men's seeds, did not compete at the 1973 Wimbledon Championships.[5][6] Three ATP players, Ilie Năstase, Roger Taylor and Ray Keldie defied the boycott and were fined by the ATP's disciplinary committee.[4]

1988 breakaway

But the tour was still run by the tournament directors and the ITF. The limited player representation and influence within the Men's International Professional Tennis Council (MIPTC) as well as dissatisfaction with the way the sport was managed and marketed culminated in a player mutiny in 1988 led by active tennis pros including then world Number 1 ranked Mats Wilander which changed the entire structure of the tour.[7]

ATP Tour
Main article: ATP Tour

CEO Hamilton Jordan is credited with the "Parking Lot Press Conference" on 26 August 1988 during which the ATP announced their withdrawal from the MIPTC (then called the MTC) and the creation of their own tour from 1990 onwards.[2][8][9][10] This re-organisation also ended a lawsuit with Volvo and Donald Dell.[11] On 19 January 1989 the ATP published the calendar for the inaugural 1990 season.[12]

By 1991, the men had their first television package to broadcast 19 tournaments.[2] Coming online with their first website in 1995, this was followed by a multi-year agreement with Mercedes-Benz. Lawsuits in 2008, around virtually the same issues, resulted in a restructured tour.[13]

2009 changes

In 2009, ATP introduced a new tour structure called ATP World Tour consisting of ATP World Tour Masters 1000, ATP World Tour 500, and ATP World Tour 250 tier tournaments.[14][15] Broadly speaking, the Tennis Masters Series tournaments became the new Masters 1000 level and ATP International Series Gold and ATP International Series events became ATP 500 level and 250 level events respectively.

The Masters 1000 tournaments are Indian Wells, Miami, Monte Carlo, Madrid, Rome, Toronto/Montreal, Cincinnati, Shanghai and Paris. The end-of-year event, the ATP Finals, moved from Shanghai to London. Hamburg has been displaced by the new clay court event at Madrid, which is a new combined men's and women's tournament. In 2011, Rome and Cincinnati also became combined tournaments. Severe sanctions are placed on top players skipping the Masters 1000 series events, unless medical proof is presented.

Plans to eliminate Monte Carlo and Hamburg as Masters Series events led to controversy and protests from players as well as organisers. Hamburg and Monte Carlo filed lawsuits against the ATP,[16] and as a concession it was decided that Monte Carlo would remain a Masters 1000 level event, with more prize money and 1000 ranking points, but it would no longer be a compulsory tournament for top-ranked players. Monte Carlo later dropped its suit. Hamburg was "reserved" to become a 500 level event in the summer.[17] Hamburg did not accept this concession, but later lost its suit.[18]

The 500 level tournaments are Rotterdam, Dubai, Rio, Acapulco, Barcelona, Aegon Championships (Queens Club, London), Halle (Gerry Weber Open), Hamburg, Washington, Beijing, Tokyo, Basel and Vienna.

The ATP & ITF have declared that Davis Cup World Group and World Group Playoffs award a total of up to 500 points. Players accumulate points over the four rounds and the playoffs and these are counted as one of a player's four best results from the 500 level events. An additional 125 points are given to a player who wins all 8 live rubbers and wins the Davis Cup.[19]

ATP Tour tournaments

The ATP Tour comprises ATP Masters 1000, ATP 500, and ATP 250. The ATP also oversees the ATP Challenger Tour, a level below the ATP Tour, and the ATP Champions Tour for seniors. Grand Slam tournaments, a small portion of the Olympic tennis tournament, the Davis Cup, the Hopman Cup and the introductory level Futures tournaments do not fall under the auspices of the ATP, but are overseen by the ITF instead and the International Olympic Committee (IOC) for the Olympics. In these events, however, ATP ranking points are awarded, with the exception of the Olympics and Hopman Cup. The four-week ITF Satellite tournaments were discontinued in 2007.

Players and doubles teams with the most ranking points (collected during the calendar year) play in the season-ending ATP Finals, which, from 2000–2008, was run jointly with the International Tennis Federation (ITF). The details of the professional tennis tour are:

EventNumberTotal prize money (USD)Winner's ranking pointsGoverning body
Grand Slam4See individual articles2,000ITF
ATP Finals14,450,0001,100–1,500ATP (2009–present)
ATP Masters 100092,450,000 to 3,645,0001000ATP
ATP 50013755,000 to 2,100,000500ATP
ATP 25040416,000 to 1,024,000250ATP
ATP Challenger Tour17840,000 to 220,00080 to 125ATP
ITF Men's Circuit53410,000 and 25,00018 to 35ITF
Olympics1See individual articles0IOC

ATP Rankings
Main article: ATP Rankings

ATP publishes weekly rankings of professional players: ATP Rankings (commonly known as the ‘world rankings’), a 52-week rolling ranking, and the ATP Race to London, a year to date ranking.[20] All ATP players also have a Universal Tennis Rating, based on head-to-head results.

The ATP Rankings is used for determining qualification for entry and seeding in all tournaments for both singles and doubles. Within the ATP Rankings period consisting of the past year, points are accumulated, with the exception of those for the ATP Finals, whose points are dropped following the last ATP event of the year. The player with the most points by the season's end is the world No. 1 of the year.

The ATP Rankings Race To London is a calendar-year indicator of what the Emirates ATP Rankings will be on the Monday after the end of the regular season. Players finishing in the top eight of the Emirates ATP Rankings following the Paris Masters will qualify for the ATP Finals.

At the start of the 2009 season, all accumulated ranking points were doubled to bring them in line with the new tournament ranking system.

Current rankings

Organizational structure

As of January 1, 2020, Andrea Gaudenzi is the Chairman of ATP[23] and Massimo Calvelli is the Chief Executive Officer[24] . Mark Young is the Vice Chairman, David Massey is the Executive Vice President for the European region and Alison Lee for the International group.[25]

The ATP Board of Directors includes the Chairman, along with three tournament representatives and three player representatives. The player representatives are elected by the ATP Player Council.[26] The current board members are:

  • Chairman: Andrea Gaudenzi
  • Player representatives
    • Americas region: Mark Knowles
    • European region: Alex Inglot
    • International region: David Egdes
  • Tournament representatives
    • Americas region: Gavin Forbes
    • European region: Herwig Straka
    • International region: Charles Humphrey Smith

The 12-member ATP Player Council delivers advisory decisions to the Board of Directors, which has the power to accept or reject the Council's suggestions. As of August 8th, 2019, the Council consists of four players who are ranked within the top 50 in singles (Kevin Anderson - Vice-President, Rafael Nadal, John Isner, Sam Querrey), two players who are ranked between 51 and 100 in singles (Yen-Hsun Lu and Vasek Pospisil), two top 100 players in doubles (Jurgen Melzer and Bruno Soares), two at-large members (Novak Djokovic - President and Roger Federer), one alumni member (Colin Dowdeswell), and one coach, Brad Stine.[27][28]

The ATP Tournament Council consists of a total of 13 members, of which five are representatives from the European region, along with four representatives from both the Americas and the International Group of tournaments.[26]

See also

References
  1. Tandon Kamakshi (November 6, 2008). "Posing 10 ATP questions for 2009". ESPN.
  2. "How it all began". ATP. Retrieved 2013-04-11.
  3. "Davis Cup Results". ITF. Retrieved 23 July 2012.
  4. John Barrett, ed. (1974). World of Tennis '74. London: Queen Anne. pp. 15–17, 45–47. ISBN 978-0362001686.
  5. "Wimbledon faces 2004 boycott". BBC. 23 June 2004. Retrieved 23 July 2012.
  6. "The History of the Championships". AELTC. Archived from the original on 27 June 2011. Retrieved 20 July 2012.
  7. Christine Brennan (December 9, 1988). "Men's tennis in limbo". The Washington Post.
  8. James Buddell (August 14, 2013). "The Tour Born in a Parking Lot - Part I". ATP.
  9. Dwyre, Bill (2008-05-27). "Jordan used political skills to help tennis". LA Times. Retrieved 2018-02-07.
  10. Frank Riley (2004-03-22). "The Formation of the Woman's Tennis Association". Inside Tennis. Archived from the original on October 3, 2011. Retrieved 2009-06-07.
  11. "Volvo v. MIPTC v. Volvo, Dell 1988". 1988. Archived from the original on 2010-05-15. Retrieved 2009-06-07.
  12. James Buddell (August 14, 2013). "The Tour Born in a Parking Lot - Part II". ATP.
  13. "Court in Session: Hamburg, ATP go to trial". Tennis.com. 2008-07-23. Archived from the original on 2009-10-26.
  14. "ATP Unveils New Top Tier Of Events for 2009". Tenniswire.com. 31 August 2007. Archived from the original on 22 May 2011. Retrieved 5 September 2012.
  15. "ATP Unveils 2009, 2010 & 2011 Tour Calendars". ATP. 30 August 2008. Retrieved 5 September 2012.
  16. "ATP Violates Antitrust Laws, Lawsuit Alleges". 9 April 2007. Archived from the original on April 30, 2008.
  17. "Hamburg listed among second-tier events for 2009 season".
  18. "ATP wins crucial anti-trust case". BBC News. 2008-08-06. Retrieved 2010-04-25.
  19. "ATPtennis.com - ITF and ATP Announce Dates and Ranking Points for Davis Cup by BNP Paribas". Archived from the original on 2008-11-22.
  20. "Frequently Asked Questions". ATP Tour.
  21. "Current ATP Rankings (Singles)". atptour.com. ATP Tour, Inc.
  22. "Current ATP Rankings (Doubles)". atptour.com. ATP Tour, Inc.
  23. "ATP Appoints Andrea Gaudenzi As ATP Chairman". ATP Tour. ATP. Retrieved 12 January 2020.
  24. "ATP Appoints Massimo Calvelli As ATP Chief Executive Officer". ATP Tour. ATP. Retrieved 12 January 2020.
  25. ATPTour.com. "Management"
  26. "Organizational structure". ATP Tour. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
  27. "Structure | ATP World Tour | Tennis". ATP Tour. Retrieved 2018-11-13.
  28. "Nadal, Federer, Melzer Join ATP Player Council". ATP Tour. Retrieved 2019-08-09.
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