Tuni
Tuni is a town in East Godavari district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is a major commercial marketing center for more than 40 surrounding villages in the district. Tuni is a border point for the district of East Godavari. It is known for mango export, with nearly 250 varieties. It is also famous for betel leaves and jute bags. A variety of cashew nuts are produced in Tuni.
Tuni | |
|---|---|
 | |
.svg.png)  Tuni Location in Andhra Pradesh, India | |
| Coordinates: 17.35°N 82.55°E | |
| Country | India |
| State | Andhra Pradesh |
| Region | Coastal Andhra |
| District | East Godavari |
| Area | |
| • Total | 9.85 km2 (3.80 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 140 m (460 ft) |
| Population (2011)[2] | |
| • Total | 53,425 |
| • Density | 5,400/km2 (14,000/sq mi) |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Telugu |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 533401 |
| Telephone code | 91–8854 |
| Vehicle registration | AP 05 |
History
Tuni may be a historical site dated back to 1st century CE in connection with Buddhism, which flourished in the nearby hillocks and villages such as Gopalapatnam, Satyavaram and KummariLova near the city of Tuni on the banks of Thandava River. The Buddhist monks would have resided in Kummarilova village (Kummararam) from the 2nd century CE to 6th century CE and propagated Buddhism. The Buddhist 'aramas' and 'stupas' found in the village are testimony for their presence, they said. This village is being called 'Panchasheela Buddhist centre' as five Buddhist 'stupas' were found here in recent times. Archaeology authorities have found a Buddhist site at Kummarilova of Tuni during a general survey carried out recently in the area.
Under the Kshatriyas of Vatsavai Dynasty, it was a Pargana (a sub-division in 15th century) in Keemarseema. After the division it became the capital of Kottam Estate. Tuni has been a famous marketplace since 19th century CE.
Tuni Railway station has an important prominence on the Howrah-Madras railway line during the time of British India and after Independence.
Raja kalasala in Tuni is one of the oldest school in Tuni, with a history of more than 100 years. One of the prominent guerrilla war fighter at the time of Bharat independence, Alluri Sitarama Raju, studied there. A statue of him was built at a junction.
Demographics
As per the 2019 census, Tuni Municipality had population of 2.34,900 of which 12.3246 were males while 111574 were females. Literacy rate of Tuni city is 77.40% higher than state average of 67.02% with a male literacy rate of 82.79% while the female literacy rate is 72.38%.[3]
Geography
Tuni is at 17.35°N 82.55°E. It has an average elevation of 16 metres (46 ft)
Climate
| Climate data for Machilipatnam (1981–2010, extremes 1995–2012) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 35.3 (95.5) |
38.8 (101.8) |
40.8 (105.4) |
40.3 (104.5) |
47.5 (117.5) |
47.5 (117.5) |
41.4 (106.5) |
39.5 (103.1) |
39.0 (102.2) |
38.8 (101.8) |
37.0 (98.6) |
34.3 (93.7) |
47.5 (117.5) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 30.0 (86.0) |
32.0 (89.6) |
34.5 (94.1) |
35.8 (96.4) |
37.7 (99.9) |
35.9 (96.6) |
33.7 (92.7) |
33.3 (91.9) |
33.4 (92.1) |
32.5 (90.5) |
31.6 (88.9) |
30.2 (86.4) |
33.4 (92.1) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 19.3 (66.7) |
20.9 (69.6) |
23.5 (74.3) |
25.9 (78.6) |
27.4 (81.3) |
27.1 (80.8) |
26.0 (78.8) |
25.8 (78.4) |
25.6 (78.1) |
24.3 (75.7) |
21.9 (71.4) |
19.1 (66.4) |
23.9 (75.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 12.6 (54.7) |
14.1 (57.4) |
17.2 (63.0) |
19.5 (67.1) |
18.4 (65.1) |
22.9 (73.2) |
22.1 (71.8) |
21.4 (70.5) |
22.8 (73.0) |
19.8 (67.6) |
16.0 (60.8) |
14.9 (58.8) |
12.6 (54.7) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 7.3 (0.29) |
17.5 (0.69) |
17.8 (0.70) |
37.4 (1.47) |
52.6 (2.07) |
166.3 (6.55) |
158.8 (6.25) |
159.6 (6.28) |
233.6 (9.20) |
226.5 (8.92) |
54.7 (2.15) |
22.1 (0.87) |
1,154.3 (45.44) |
| Average rainy days | 0.5 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 2.3 | 3.3 | 8.1 | 10.9 | 10.7 | 10.8 | 9.2 | 2.6 | 0.8 | 61.0 |
| Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) | 64 | 63 | 66 | 68 | 65 | 65 | 68 | 70 | 74 | 73 | 65 | 62 | 67 |
| Source: India Meteorological Department[4][5] | |||||||||||||
Economy
A famous, and one of the oldest, sugar factories of Andhra Pradesh "Tandava Sugars" is here. A large number of handloom industries, about 20 cashew nut industries, hetero industries, and 10 other chemical industries are in and around Tuni.
Assembly constituency
Tuni is an assembly constituency (consisting of mandals: Kotananduru, Tuni and Thondangi) in Andhra Pradesh. There were 163,024 registered voters in Tuni constituency in the 1999 elections.
Transport
National Highway 16, a part of Golden Quadrilateral highway network, bypasses the town.[6] The Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation operates bus services from Tuni bus station.[7] Tuni is located on Howrah-Chennai main line. Rajahmundry Airport is located 95km from the town.
Education
Primary and secondary school education is imparted by government, aided and private schools, under the School Education Department of the state.[8][9] Instruction is in English or Telugu.
Notable people
- Alluri Sita Rama Raju, a freedom fighter
- Avasarala Ramakrishna Rao, a Telugu short story writer[10]
- Vempati Sadasiva Brahmam, a Telugu writer of film stories, dialogues and lyrics, in the early period of Telugu cinema.
References
- "Municipalities, Municipal Corporations & UDAs" (PDF). Directorate of Town and Country Planning. Government of Andhra Pradesh. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 January 2016. Retrieved 28 January 2016.
- "Census 2011". The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 9 July 2014.
- "Census of India Website: Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India". www.censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 9 February 2016.
- "Station: Tuni Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 761–762. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
- "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M19. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
- "National Highways Development Project Map". National Highways Authority of India. Archived from the original on 22 April 2017. Retrieved 21 April 2017.
- "Bus Stations in Districts". Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation. Retrieved 9 March 2016.
- "School Education Department" (PDF). School Education Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 November 2016. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
- "The Department of School Education - Official AP State Government Portal | AP State Portal". www.ap.gov.in. Archived from the original on 7 November 2016. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
- Staff Reporter (29 October 2011). "Writer Avasarala Ramakrishna Rao dead". The Hindu. The Hindu. Retrieved 1 March 2015.
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