Timeline of Croatian history

This is a timeline of Croatian history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Croatia and its predecessor states. Featured articles are in bold. To read about the background to these events, see History of Croatia. See also the list of rulers of Croatia and years in Croatia.

Centuries: 6th · 7th · 8th · 9th · 10th · 11th · 12th · 13th · 14th · 15th · 16th · 17th · 18th · 19th · 20th · 21st · See also · Further reading

7th century

Year	Date	Event
660		Porga became knez of the Principality of Littoral Croatia.
660		Littoral Croatia was Christianized.[1]

8th century

Year	Date	Event
799		Siege of Trsat: Invading Frankish forces were repelled from Trsat, resulting in the death of their commander Eric of Friuli.[2]

9th century

Year	Date	Event
803		Borna became knez of Littoral Croatia following the death of his father Višeslav.
810		Ljudevit Posavski became knez of the Duchy of Pannonian Croatia.
823		Ljudevit died.[3]
838		Knez Ratimir was deposed from the throne of Pannonian Croatia in favor of the pro-French Ratbod.
839		Knez Mislav of Littoral Croatia signed a peace treaty with the Republic of Venice[4] during the early phase of the Croatian-Venetian wars.
840		Venetian Doge Pietro Tradonico led a failed assault on the nearby Croat land of Pagania.
840		The Byzantine Emperor Basil I helped break an Arab siege of Dubrovnik.[5][6]
846		Pagania breached Venice and raided the Venetian town of Caorle.[4]
879	7 June	Pope John VIII styled knez Branimir of Littoral Croatia Duke of Croats, effectively recognizing Littoral Croatia as an independent state.[7]
887	18 September	Venetian Doge Pietro I Candiano was killed in an attempted invasion of Pagania.[8]

10th century

Year	Date	Event
925		Knez Tomislav of Littoral Croatia was crowned King of a united Croatia, establishing the Trpimirović dynasty[9][10]
926		Croatian–Bulgarian battle of 926: Tomislav defeated the invading forces of the Bulgarian Empire.[9]
928		Pope Leo VI transferred the bishopric at Nin to Skradin.[11]
948		Venice tried and failed to capture Dubrovnik.[12]
949		King Miroslav was killed by Ban Pribina during a civil war started by his younger brother Michael Krešimir II, who succeeded him.
986		Byzantine Emperor Basil II recognized Croatia as an independent kingdom and declared King Stephen Držislav the Patriarch of Dalmatia and Croatia.
996		Venetian Doge Pietro II Orseolo stopped paying tax to the Croatian King after a century of peace, renewing old hostilities and starting a new phase of the Croatian-Venetian wars.
998		Siege of Zadar: Emperor Samuil of Western Bulgarian Tsardom launched a military campaign against Kingdom of Croatia and besieged the city of Zadar.

11th century

Year	Date	Event
1000		Battle of Lastovo: Doge Pietro II Orseolo of the Republic of Venice attacked the Town of Lastovo in the Kingdom of Croatia and destroyed it.
1020		King Krešimir III was accused in the death of his brother Gojslav. Pope Benedict VIII withdrew his title pending an investigation.[13]
1020		Krešimir was restored.[13]
1058		Peter Krešimir IV "The Great" succeeded his father Stephen I upon his death.
1076	8 October	Demetrius Zvonimir was crowned King in Solin by a representative of Pope Gregory VII.[9]
1091		King Stephen II died peacefully without an heir, bringing the Trpimirović dynasty to a close.[14]
1097		Battle of Gvozd Mountain: King Petar Svačić died in a loss to King Coloman of Hungary.[15]

12th century

Year	Date	Event
1102		The Croatian nobility agreed to the Pacta conventa under which Croatia was joined in a personal union with Hungary, with the King appointing the Ban of Croatia and the Croatian nobility holding power in a Sabor, or Parliament.[16][17]
1185		Serbian forces launched a failed siege against Dubrovnik.[18]

13th century

Year	Date	Event
1204	26 August	Emeric abdicated the throne to his young son Ladislaus III of Hungary.
1205	7 May	Ladislaus died. He was succeeded by Emeric's younger brother Andrew II of Hungary.
1235	21 September	Andrew died. He was succeeded by his son Béla IV of Hungary.
1242	16 November	Béla issued the Golden Bull of 1242, giving the residents of Gradec some individual and democratic rights and releasing them from allegiance to local lords.[19][20]
1270	3 May	Béla died. He was succeeded by his son, Stephen V of Hungary.
1272	6 August	Stephen died. He was succeeded by his son Ladislaus IV of Hungary.
1293		Paul I Šubić of Bribir became Ban of Croatia.
1299		Paul conquered Bosnia, taking the title of Dominus of Bosnia, and appointing his brother Mladen I Šubić of Bribir Ban of Bosnia.[21]

14th century

Year	Date	Event
1301	14 January	Andrew died without a son. Charles Martel's son Charles I of Hungary was crowned King of Hungary.
1301	27 August	The Hungarian nobility crowned Wenceslaus III of Bohemia King of Hungary and Croatia.
1305		After quashing resistance in Bosnia, Paul I Šubić took the title Lord of All Bosnia and the exclusive power of coining money.[21][22]
1305	6 December	Wenceslaus III of Bohemia abdicated the throne to Otto III, Duke of Bavaria.
1307	June	Otto was imprisoned by the Transylvanian Voivode Ladislaus Kán.
1307	10 October	The Hungarian nobility elected Charles King.
1308		Otto abdicated his claim to the Hungarian throne.
1312	1 May	Paul I Šubić died. His son Mladen II Šubić of Bribir succeeded him as Ban.
1322		Battle of Bliska: Mladen lost to a coalition of Croatian noblemen at Trogir.
1322	8 October	Charles dismissed Mladen as Ban.
1342	16 July	Charles died. He was succeeded by his son Louis I of Hungary.
1345	12 August	Siege of Zadar was laid by the Republic of Venice.
1358	18 February	The Treaty of Zadar was signed. Venice ceded Dalmatia to Croatia.
1370	17 November	Louis became King of Poland on the death of Casimir III the Great.
1382	11 September	Louis died. He was succeeded in Hungary by his ten-year-old daughter Mary, Queen of Hungary with his wife Elizabeth of Bosnia acting as regent.
1385		Mary was overthrown by Charles III of Naples.
1386	7 February	Charles was assassinated on Elizabeth's orders.
1387	31 March	Mary was again crowned Queen of Hungary. Her husband Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor was crowned King.
1390		Charles's son Ladislaus of Naples expressed a claim to the throne of Hungary.
1392		Sigismund appointed Nicholas II Garay Ban of Croatia.
1395	17 May	Mary died under suspicious circumstances. Sigismund became the sole ruler of Croatia and Hungary.
1397		Nicholas left office.
1397	27 February	Bloody Sabor of Križevci: Croatian Ban Stjepan II Lacković was killed in Križevci for supporting Ladislaus against King Sigismund.[23][24]

15th century

Year	Date	Event
1403	5 August	Hungarian nobles opposed to Sigismund crowned Ladislaus King.
1406		Hermann II, Count of Celje became Ban of Croatia.
1408		Hermann left office.
1409		Ladislaus sold his rights on Dalmatia to Venice.[25]
1437	9 December	Sigismund died.
1438	1 January	Sigismund's son-in-law Albert II of Germany was crowned King of Hungary and Croatia according to his will.
1439	27 October	Albert died without a male heir; his wife was pregnant with his son Ladislaus the Posthumous.
1440	22 February	Ladislaus was born.
	15 May	Władysław III of Poland accepted the Hungarian crown from the nobility.
	15 May	Ladislaus's mother crowned him King.
1444	10 November	Battle of Varna: Władysław died in a battlefield loss to the Ottoman Empire. The Hungarian nobility elected Ladislaus, then imprisoned in Schloss Ort by his second cousin Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary, with John Hunyadi acting as regent.
1452		Ladislaus was freed by Ulrich II, Count of Celje, who became his guardian and effectively his regent.
1456	9 November	Ulrich was killed by Hunyadi's son Ladislaus.
1457	16 March	Ladislaus had Ladislaus Hunyadi beheaded and fled Hungary.
1457	23 November	Ladislaus died, probably of leukemia.
1458	20 January	The Hungarian nobility elected Ladislaus Hunyadi's brother Matthias Corvinus King.
1472		Nicholas of Ilok became Ban of Croatia.
1472		Nicholas left office.
1483		Matija Gereb was made Ban.
1489		Gereb left office.
1490	6 April	Matthias died without legitimate heirs.
1490	18 September	The Hungarian nobility elected Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary as King.
1493	9 September	Battle of Krbava field: Croatia suffered a defeat at the hands of the Ottoman Empire.[26][27]
1499		Matthias's illegitimate son John Corvinus became Ban of Croatia.

16th century

Year	Date	Event
1504	12 October	Corvinus died.
1513		Petar Berislavić was appointed Ban of Croatia.
1516	13 March	Vladislaus died. He was succeeded by his ten-year-old son Louis II of Hungary, with a royal council appointed by the Hungarian diet acting as regent.
1520	20 May	Berislavić was killed.
1521		Ivan Karlović became Ban.
1524		Karlović left office.
1526	29 August	Battle of Mohács: Louis died childless in a crushing defeat at the hands of the Ottoman Empire near Mohács.[28]
	10 November	John Zápolya was crowned King of Hungary.
	December	Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor crowned himself King of Hungary.
1527		Karlović again became Ban.
	1 January	1527 election in Cetin: The Croatian nobility unanimously elected Ferdinand King and confirmed the succession to his heirs, ending the personal union with Hungary.[28]
	27 September	Battle of Tarcal: Forces allied to Ferdinand dealt a bloody defeat to supporters of Zápolya.
1528	20 March	Battle of Szina: Zápolya was defeated and forced to flee to Poland.
1531		Karlović died.
1537		Petar Keglević became Ban.
1538	24 February	The Treaty of Grosswardein was signed, dividing Hungary between Ferdinand and Zápolya and making Ferdinand heir to the entire kingdom on the death of the then-childless Zápolya.
1540	18 July	Zápolya had a son, John II Sigismund Zápolya.
1540	22 July	Zápolya died. The Hungarian nobility recognized his son John II as King.
1542		Keglević was removed from office.
1542		Nikola Šubić Zrinski was appointed Ban.
1553		In response to repeated Ottoman incursions, Ferdinand established the directly administered Croatian Military Frontier.
1556		Zrinski was removed from office.
1557		Péter Erdődy was appointed Ban.
1564	25 July	Ferdinand died. He was succeeded by his son Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor.
1566	8 September	Siege of Szigetvár: The forces of the Ottoman Empire suffered losses taking the fortress at Szigetvár that forced them to abandon their advance on Vienna.[29]
1567		Erdődy died.
1570		Hungarian King John II abdicated the throne to Maximilian.
1573	28 January	Croatian–Slovenian peasant revolt: A peasant revolt led by Matija Gubec began which sought to overthrow the power of the nobility.
1573	9 February	Croatian–Slovenian peasant revolt: Gubec was captured.
1576	12 October	Maximilian died. He was succeeded by his son Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor.
1578		Krsto Ungnad was appointed Ban.
1583		Ungnad left office. He was succeeded as Ban by Tamás Erdődy.
1584	26 October	Battle of Slunj: Invading Ottoman forces were defeated by the defending Croatian army.
1592		Siege of Bihać: Once capital of Croatia conquered by the Ottomans; never reconquered back, lost for Croatia forever.
1593	22 June	Battle of Sisak: Croatia dealt the Ottoman Empire a crushing defeat at Sisak.[30]
1595		Erdődy left office.

17th century

Year	Date	Event
1608		Erdődy again became Ban.
1608	19 November	Rudolf was deposed from the throne of Croatia by his brother Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor.
1615		Erdődy left office.
1618	1 July	Matthias was succeeded by his cousin Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor.
1622	15 November	Juraj V Zrinski was appointed Ban.
1626	28 December	Zrinski was poisoned.
1637	15 February	Ferdinand II died. He was succeeded by his son Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor.
1647		Nikola Zrinski was appointed Ban of Croatia.
1657	2 April	Ferdinand III died. He was succeeded by his son Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor.
1663	September	Austro-Turkish War (1663–1664): An Ottoman army invaded Hungary.
1664	5 June	Siege of Novi Zrin (1664): Ottoman forces started to besiege the fortress in Međimurje County.
	1 August	Battle of Saint Gotthard (1664) : Ottoman forces were dealt a decisive defeat by the League of the Rhine at Szentgotthárd.
	10 August	Austro-Turkish War (1663–1664): The Peace of Vasvár was signed, ending hostilities for twenty years and ceding some Croatian land to the Ottoman Empire.
	18 November	Nikola Zrinski died.
1665	24 January	Petar Zrinski was appointed Ban.
1671	30 April	Zrinski was executed for high treason in connection with the Magnate conspiracy.
1671		Miklós Erdődy was appointed Ban of Croatia.
1693		Erdődy died.

18th century

Year	Date	Event
1704	24 January	János Pálffy was appointed Ban.
1705	5 May	Leopold died. He was succeeded as king by his son Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor.
1711	17 April	Joseph died of smallpox. He was succeeded by his younger brother Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor.
1713	9 April	Charles issued the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713, which made it possible for women to inherit the Habsburg throne.
1732	17 February	Pálffy left office.
1740	20 October	Charles died. He was succeeded by his daughter, Queen Maria Theresa.
1743	16 March	Károly József Batthyány became Ban.
1756		The capital was moved from Zagreb to Varaždin.
1756	6 July	Batthyány left office.
1776		A fire destroyed two thirds of Varaždin.[31][32] The Croatian capital moved back to Zagreb.
1780	29 November	Maria Theresa died. Her son Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor became King of Croatia.
1790	20 February	Joseph died. He was succeeded by his younger brother Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor.
1792	1 March	Leopold died. He was succeeded by his son Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor.

19th century

Year	Date	Event
1804	11 August	Francis established the Austrian Empire on the territories of the Habsburg Monarchy.
1806		Ignaz Gyulai was appointed Ban of Croatia.
1831	11 November	Gyulai died.
1832	10 February	Franjo Vlašić was appointed Ban.
1835	2 March	Francis died of fever. He was succeeded as king by his son Ferdinand I of Austria.
1840	16 May	Vlašić died. He was succeeded as acting Ban by Juraj Haulik.
1845	29 July	Thirteen protesters, the July victims, were killed in Zagreb while protesting a flawed local election.
1848	15 March	Hungarian Revolution of 1848: Revolutionaries read the 12 points of the Hungarian Revolutionaries of 1848 before a crowd in Buda. The crowd marched on the Imperial Governing Council and forced Ferdinand's representatives to sign them.
	23 March	Josip Jelačić was appointed Ban.
	11 April	Ferdinand signed the April Laws, devolving some powers to the Kingdom of Hungary.
	19 April	The Sabor proclaimed the union of the Croatian provinces, their secession from the Kingdom of Hungary within the Austrian Empire, and the abolition of serfdom. It further declared the equality of peoples in Croatia.[33]
	29 September	Battle of Pákozd: A revolutionary army seeking Hungarian independence from Austria forced a Croatian retreat.
	2 December	Hungarian Revolution of 1848: Ferdinand abdicated in favor of his nephew Franz Joseph I of Austria.
1859	20 May	Jelačić died.
1859	28 July	Johann Baptist Coronini-Cronberg was appointed Ban.
1860	19 June	Josip Šokčević was appointed Ban.
1866	14 June	Austro-Prussian War: Prussia declared war on Austria.
	3 July	Battle of Königgrätz: Austria suffered a devastating defeat at Prussian hands at Königgrätz.
	23 August	Austro-Prussian War: The Peace of Prague (1866) was signed, ending the war.
1867	30 March	The Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 was ratified, establishing the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary which devolved almost all power to the Austrian and Hungarian kingdoms respectively.
	27 June	Levin Rauch was appointed acting Ban.
	20 October	A new electoral law reduced the size of the Sabor to sixty-six seats.
1868		The Croatian–Hungarian Settlement was signed by the Hungarian Parliament and the Croatian Sabor. The Kingdom of Slavonia was incorporated into Croatia; the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia was established as an autonomous state within Hungary.[34]
1871	26 January	Koloman Bedeković succeeded Rauch as Ban.
	8 October	Rakovica Revolt: Politician Eugen Kvaternik declared the establishment of an independent Croatian government, seated at Rakovica and incorporating the Croatian Military Frontier.
	11 October	Rakovica Revolt: Kvaternik was executed.
1873	20 September	Ivan Mažuranić became Ban.
1880	21 February	Ladislav Pejačević succeeded Mažuranić as Ban.
1881		The Croatian Military Frontier was incorporated into Croatia-Slavonia.
1883	19 April	Croatian parliamentary by-election, 1883: The first day of elections to the Sabor from the former territories of the Croatian Military Frontier was held.
	21 April	Croatian parliamentary by-election, 1883: The last day of elections was held. The government list won a majority of available seats.
	4 September	Hermann von Ramberg succeeded Pejačević as Ban.
	1 December	Ramberg was dismissed.
	4 December	Károly Khuen-Héderváry became Ban.
1884	16 September	Croatian parliamentary election, 1884: The first day of balloting was held.
1884	19 September	Croatian parliamentary election, 1884: The last day of balloting was held. The People's Party won a majority of seats in the Sabor.
1895	16 October	1895 visit of Emperor Franz Joseph to Zagreb: Student protesters burned the Hungarian flag in Ban Jelačić Square.
1897	19 May	Croatian parliamentary election, 1897: The first day of elections was held.
1897	22 May	Croatian parliamentary election, 1897: The last day of balloting was held. The People's Party won a majority of seats in the Sabor.

20th century

Year	Date	Event
1903	27 June	Ban Khuen-Héderváry resigned to become the Hungarian Prime Minister.
1903		Teodor Pejačević was appointed Ban.
1907	26 June	Aleksandar Rakodczay became Ban.
1908	8 January	Pavao Rauch was appointed Ban.
	27 February	Croatian parliamentary election, 1908: The first day of balloting was held.
	28 February	Croatian parliamentary election, 1908: The second day of balloting was held. The Croat-Serb Coalition won a majority of seats in the Sabor.
	12 March	Rauch dissolved the Sabor.
1910	5 February	Rauch was dismissed and replaced as Ban by Nikola Tomašić.
1910	28 October	Croatian parliamentary election, 1910: The Croat-Serb Coalition won a plurality of seats in the Sabor.
1912	19 January	Slavko Cuvaj was appointed Ban.
1913	21 July	Ivan Škrlec was appointed Ban.
	16 December	Croatian parliamentary election, 1913: The first day of balloting was held.
	17 December	Croatian parliamentary election, 1913: The second day of balloting was held. The Croat-Serb Coalition won a majority of seats in the Sabor.
1914	28 June	Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria: Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria was assassinated by Gavrilo Princip of the Bosnian separatist group Young Bosnia.
	23 July	July Crisis: Austria-Hungary issued an ultimatum to Serbia, demanding, among other things, the right to participate in the investigation into the assassination of Franz Ferdinand, which Serbia refused.
	28 July	World War I: Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia.
	30 July	World War I: Russia mobilized its army to defend Serbia.
1915		Škrlec reconvened the Sabor.
1915	26 April	World War I: The secret Treaty of London (1915) was signed, under which Russia, France and the United Kingdom recognized Italian territorial claims (including some in Croatia) in return for Italy's joining the war on the side of the Triple Entente.
1916	21 November	Franz Joseph I of Austria died. He was succeeded as king by his grandnephew Charles I of Austria.
1917	29 June	Skerlecz resigned. Antun Mihalović became Ban.
1918	29 October	The Sabor dissolved Croatia's union with Austria-Hungary and incorporated the Kingdom of Dalmatia into the new State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs.
1918	1 December	The State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs joined with Serbia to form the new Kingdom of Yugoslavia under King Peter I of Serbia.
1919	20 January	Mihalović left office.
1920	12 November	Yugoslavia signed the Treaty of Rapallo (1920), acceding to Italian claims on some of its territory.
	28 November	Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes Constitutional Assembly election, 1920: The Democratic Party, People's Radical Party and Communist Party were the three most successful parties by number of seats received in the Assembly.
	29 December	The government issued a decree banning Communist propaganda and ordering the dissolution of all Communist organizations until approval of the Constitution.
1921	28 June	The Vidovdan Constitution, which abolished the traditional divisions of the region in favor of thirty-three oblasts ruled by royal appointees, was approved.
1921	16 August	Peter died. He was succeeded as king by his son Alexander I of Yugoslavia.
1923	18 March	Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes parliamentary election, 1923: The People's Radical Party won a plurality of seats in Parliament.
1925	8 February	Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes parliamentary election, 1925: The People's Radical Party won a plurality of seats in Parliament.
1927	11 September	Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes parliamentary election, 1927: The People's Radical Party won a plurality of seats in Parliament.
1928	20 June	Puniša Račić of the People's Radical Party shot five members of the Croatian Peasant Party (HSS) during a session of Parliament. Two were killed instantly, and Party leader Stjepan Radić was fatally wounded.
1928	8 August	Radić died.
1929	6 January	6 January Dictatorship: Alexander issued a decree dissolving Parliament and abolishing the Constitution.
1929	3 October	Alexander replaced the thirty-three oblasts with nine banovinas.
1931	3 September	6 January Dictatorship: Alexander issued the 1931 Yugoslav Constitution, ending the dictatorship.
1934	9 October	Alexander was assassinated by a Bulgarian mercenary, Vlado Chernozemski, with the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization; Chernozemski had been contracted by the Ustaše, which was formed in 1929. Alexander was succeeded by his eleven-year-old son, Peter, with his cousin, Prince Paul, leading a regency council of three.
1935	5 May	Yugoslavian parliamentary election, 1935: The Yugoslav National Party won a majority of seats in Parliament.
1938	11 December	Yugoslavian parliamentary election, 1938: The Yugoslav Radical Union won a majority of seats in Parliament.
1939	23 August	The Cvetković–Maček Agreement was approved, establishing the autonomous Banovina of Croatia with an elected Sabor and a crown-appointed Ban.
1939	26 August	Ivan Šubašić was appointed Ban of Croatia.
1941	25 March	World War II: Prince Paul signed the Tripartite Pact, pledging support to the Axis Powers.
	27 March	Yugoslav military coup of March 27, 1941: A military coup overthrew the Regency and declared Peter II to be of age.
	6 April	World War II in Yugoslavia begins
	6 April	Invasion of Yugoslavia: Germany opened an invasion of Yugoslavia with an air attack on Belgrade.
	10 April	Independent State of Croatia declared by Ante Pavelić of the Ustaše.
	13 May	Croatia signed a treaty establishing its borders with Germany.
	18 May	Prince Aimone, Duke of Aosta was crowned King Tomislav II of Croatia by the Italian King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy.
	19 May	Croatia ceded land, including most of Dalmatia, to Italy by signing the treaty of Rapallo.
	7 June	Croatia's borders with Serbia were established.
	22 June	Operation Barbarossa: Germany launched an invasion of the Soviet Union.
	4 July	A call by the Communist Party of Yugoslavia to resist the Ustaše government marked the birth of the Yugoslav Partisans.
	August	Glina massacre: The Ustaše killed several hundred Serb civilians in a church in Glina.
	27 October	Croatia's borders with Montenegro were established.
1942	5 October	Operation Alfa: Italian and Chetnik forces attacked the Partisan-held town of Prozor.
	10 October	Operation Alfa: The battle ended in a Partisan defeat.
	26 November	The Anti-Fascist Council of the People's Liberation of Yugoslavia (AVNOJ) was established as the political organization of the Yugoslav Partisans.
1943	15 May	Battle of the Sutjeska: Axis troops surrounded the main Partisan force on the east bank of the Sutjeska river in Bosnia.
	14 June	The National Anti-Fascist Council of the People's Liberation of Croatia (ZAVNOH), composed of Croatian members of the AVNOJ, held its first session and declared Vladimir Nazor President.
	16 June	Battle of the Sutjeska: The Partisans escaped across the Sutjeska.
	25 July	Italian King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy dismissed his Prime Minister Benito Mussolini.
	31 July	Tomislav abdicated on the orders of the Italian King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy.
	8 September	World War II: An armistice between Italy and Allied armed forces was published, voiding Croatia's territorial concessions of 1941 and the Treaty of Rapallo (1920).
	15 November	Operation Delphin: Croatian forces undertook a campaign to capture several islands in the Adriatic Sea off the cost of central Dalmatia.
	21 November	The second session of the AVNOJ established the National Committee for the Liberation of Yugoslavia, the government-in-waiting of a federal, democratic Yugoslavia under Prime Minister Josip Broz Tito.
	1 December	Operation Delphin: The operation concluded successfully.
1944	9 May	The Federal State of Croatia was established at the third session of the ZAVNOH.
	13 May	The Department for the Protection of the People (OZNA) was established under Aleksandar Ranković.
	25 May	Raid on Drvar: German paratroopers attacked Partisan headquarters near Drvar. Tito escaped.
	16 June	Tito and Šubašić signed the Treaty of Vis, which provided for a coalition of royalists and Communists in the government of the future Yugoslavia.
1945	30 March	Battle on Lijevče field: Croatian and Chetnik forces met at Lijevče.
	8 April	Battle on Lijevče field: The Chetniks surrendered.
	6 May	Pavelić fled the country.
	8 May	World War II in Yugoslavia formally ends with the German Instrument of Surrender, but fighting continues.
	14 May	Battle of Poljana: Retreating Axis troops were forced to surrender to the Partisans.
	15 May	Bleiburg repatriations: After the retreating Axis column is stopped at Bleiburg, Austria, and forced by the British Army to surrender instead to the Yugoslav Partisans,[35] the Yugoslav Partisans commit thousands of reprisal killings against the remnants of the Ustaše and the civilians who fled Croatia alongside them, as well as some Slovene, Serb, and Montenegrin collaborators.
	10 June	Tito agreed to the separation of Allied and Partisan forces at the Morgan Line.
	21 August	ZAVNOH declared itself the People's Parliament of Croatia.
	25 August	The People's Parliament elected Nazor President of Croatia.
	October	The royalists in the Yugoslavian government resigned.
	11 November	The Communist Party won an overwhelming majority of votes to the Constituent Assembly of Yugoslavia.
	29 November	The Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia was declared and King Peter deposed.
1946	31 January	The 1946 Yugoslav Constitution came into force.
1947	10 February	The Paris Peace Treaties, 1947 were signed, solidifying Yugoslavia's border with Italy and establishing the Free Territory of Trieste, half of which was to be under Yugoslavian military occupation.
1947	September	The Cominform was established.
1948	May	Tito–Stalin split: Croatian Communist Party member Andrija Hebrang was arrested after supporting the Soviet Union in a dispute with Yugoslavia.
1948	28 June	Tito–Stalin split: Yugoslavia was expelled from the Cominform.
1949	19 June	Nazor died.
1950	26 June	Tito announced the introduction of workers' self-management in Yugoslavia.
1953	13 January	The 1953 Yugoslav Constitution came into force.
1953	December	Vladimir Bakarić became President of Croatia.
1963	7 April	The 1963 Yugoslav Constitution came into force.
1967	13 March	Croatian Spring: The Declaration on the Status and Name of the Croatian Literary Language was published, demanding equal status for the Croatian language.
1971	23 November	Croatian Spring: A student protest began in Zagreb.
1971	December	Croatian Spring: Tito forced Chair of the Croatian Communist Party Savka Dabčević-Kučar to resign.
1974	21 February	The 1974 Yugoslav Constitution came into force, establishing a nine-member Presidency of Yugoslavia of which Tito was President for Life.
	April	Ivo Perišin became President of Croatia.
	8 May	Perišin was succeeded by a rotating Croatian Presidency under the 1974 Yugoslav Constitution.
1975	10 November	The Treaty of Osimo was signed, under which Italy and Yugoslavia were allowed to annex their respective occupation zones in Trieste.
1980	4 May	Tito died. He was succeeded as President of the Presidency of Yugoslavia by the Macedonian Lazar Koliševski.
1980	15 May	The Yugoslavian Presidency rotated to the Bosnian Cvijetin Mijatović.
1981	15 May	The Yugoslavian Presidency rotated to the Slovenian Sergej Kraigher.
1982	15 May	The Yugoslavian Presidency rotated to the Serbian Petar Stambolić.
1983	15 May	The Yugoslavian Presidency rotated to the Croatian Mika Špiljak.
1984	15 May	The Yugoslavian Presidency rotated to the Montenegrin Veselin Đuranović.
1985	15 May	The Yugoslavian Presidency rotated to the Vojvodin Radovan Vlajković.
1986	10 May	Ante Marković assumed the Presidency of Croatia.
1986	15 May	The Yugoslavian Presidency rotated to the Kosovar Sinan Hasani.
1987	15 May	The Yugoslavian Presidency rotated to the Macedonian Lazar Mojsov.
1988	15 May	The Yugoslavian Presidency rotated to the Bosnian Raif Dizdarević.
1989	15 May	The Yugoslavian Presidency rotated to the Slovenian Janez Drnovšek.
1990	23 January	A Communist Party Congress ended the party's legal monopoly in Croatia.
	22 April	Croatian parliamentary election, 1990: The first round of elections was held.
	6 May	Croatian parliamentary election, 1990: The second round of elections was held. The Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ) won a majority of seats in all houses of Parliament.
	15 May	The Yugoslavian Presidency rotated to the Serbian Borisav Jović.
	30 May	The Serb Democratic Party (SDS) quit the Croatian Parliament.
	25 July	A Serbian Assembly led by the SDS declared the establishment of the Serbian Autonomous Oblast of Kninska Krajina.
	17 August	Log Revolution: Secessionist Serbs barricaded roads connecting Kninska Krajina to the rest of Croatia.
	October	Kninska Krajina was superseded by the larger Serbian Autonomous Oblast of Krajina.
	22 December	The current Constitution of Croatia was ratified. Franjo Tuđman of the HDZ was made President of Croatia.
1991	2 March	Pakrac clash: Croatian police arrested 180 Serb rebels who had occupied the town of Pakrac.
	25 March	Presidents of Croatia and Serbia partake in the Karađorđevo meeting
	31 March	Plitvice Lakes incident: Croatian police entered the Plitvice Lakes National Park to expel the secessionist forces of Krajina. Two combatants were killed.
	1 April	Plitvice Lakes incident: The Yugoslavian army intervened to end the crisis.
	1 May	Two Croatian police officers were taken prisoner by Serb secessionists in Borovo Selo.
	2 May	The Croatian Parliament voted to hold a referendum on independence from Yugoslavia.
	2 May	Borovo Selo killings: An attempt to free the captives resulted in a firefight between Serb rebels and police. Twelve Croatian policemen killed, with an unknown number of rebel casualties.
	15 May	Serbia blocked the accession of Croatian Stjepan Mesić to the Yugoslavian Presidency.
	19 May	Croatian independence referendum, 1991: Croatian independence from Yugoslavia was approved in referendum, with 93% support.
	25 June	The Croatian Parliament declared Croatia independent from Yugoslavia.
	25 June	Serb secessionists declared the Serbian Autonomous Oblast of Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia.
	July	Battle of Osijek: JNA forces began shelling the town of Osijek.
	15 July	Operation Coast-91: JNA and SAO Krajina forces attacked the town of Biograd but were rebuffed.
	August	Operation Opera Orientalis: Yugoslavian intelligence bombed Jewish cemeteries in an attempt to turn international opinion against Croatian independence.
	1 August	Dalj massacre: Serb rebels killed twenty-eight police officers and eleven Croat civilians in Dalj.
	12 August	Serb secessionists declared the Serbian Autonomous Oblast of Western Slavonia.
	25 August	Battle of Vukovar: The Yugoslavian army and Serb militias laid siege to the town of Vukovar.
	9 September	Battle of the Barracks: The Yugoslavian barracks in Sisak surrendered to Croatian forces.
	16 September	Battle of Šibenik (1991): The Yugoslavian army attacked Croatian forces in Šibenik.
	22 September	Battle of Šibenik (1991): Yugoslavian forces were made to retreat.
	1 October	Siege of Dubrovnik: Yugoslavian forces surrounded Dubrovnik.
	6 October	Operation Coast-91: A truce was agreed.
	7 October	Bombing of Banski dvori: The Yugoslavian army bombed the government residence, the Banski dvori in Zagreb.
	13 October	Široka Kula massacre: Serb forces killed thirty-four civilians.
	16 October	Gospić massacre: A three-day massacre began during which Serb forces killed between twenty-three and one hundred civilians.
	18 October	Lovas massacre: Serbs forced a group of Croat civilians to walk across a minefield, killing twenty-one.
	21 October	Baćin massacre: Serb rebel forces killed some fifty-six civilians.
	31 October	Operation Otkos 10: Croatian forces moved to block a Yugoslavian advance on Zagreb.
	4 November	Operation Otkos 10: The operation concluded successfully.
	10 November	Erdut massacre: Serb rebels executed the first ten of the thirty-seven Hungarian and Croat civilians they would eventually massacre in Erdut.
	12 November	Saborsko massacre: Serb rebel forces killed twenty-nine civilians in Saborsko.
	14 November	Battle of the Dalmatian channels: A Yugoslavian ship was sunk by the Croatian navy near Split.
	16 November	Battle of the Dalmatian channels: The Yugoslavian blockade of Split was broken.
	18 November	Battle of Vukovar: The last Croatian forces surrendered.
		Škabrnja massacre: Serb forces took the town of Škabrnja and began a massacre which would eventually claim eighty-six lives.
		Bosnian War: The Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina (HDZBiH) established Croatian Community of Herzeg-Bosnia at municipalities with majority of Croatian people on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
	20 November	Vukovar massacre: Some 264 civilians, mostly Croats, were murdered by Serb militias near Vukovar.

	12 December	Operation Orkan 91 The Croatian Army began an advance into Krajina.
	12 December	Operation Whirlwind: The Croatian army attempted to cross the Kupa river against Krajina forces.
	13 December	Voćin massacre: A Serb paramilitary group, the White Eagles, killed several dozen people before retreating from Voćin.
	13 December	Operation Whirlwind: The Croatian advance was stopped.
	16 December	Joševica massacre: Serb forces killed twenty-one civilians in Joševica.
	19 December	Krajina declared independence from Croatia, proclaiming itself the Republic of Serbian Krajina.
	21 December	Bruška massacre: Serb forces killed ten civilians in Bruška.
1992	2 January	Operation Orkan 91: A ceasefire was negotiated.
	2 January	Battle of Osijek: A ceasefire was negotiated.
	26 February	Krajina invested SAO Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia and Western Slavonia.
	6 May	Bosnian War: The Graz agreement was drafted, delineating the demarcation between Herzeg-Bosnia and the Republika Srpska in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
	26 May	Siege of Dubrovnik: Croatian forces broke the siege.
	June	Operation Vrbas '92: Military offensive of the Army of Republika Srpska against the HVO and ARBiH in Jajce.
	14 June	Operation Corridor: The Army of Republika Srpska launched an offensive against the joint forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Herzeg-Bosnia.
	21 June	Miljevci plateau incident: Croatian forces captured some thirty square miles in a surprise attack on Krajina forces.
	26 June	Operation Corridor: The operation ended with the successful linking of the two parts of Republika Srpska.
	2 August	Croatian parliamentary election, 1992: The HDZ won a majority of seats in the Sabor.
	2 August	Croatian presidential election, 1992: Tuđman was reelected with 57% of the vote.
	12 August	Hrvoje Šarinić of the HDZ was elected Prime Minister.
	18 October	Croat–Bosniak War: First armed clashes between the Croatian Defence Council (HVO) and the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (ARBiH).
	27 October	Operation Vrbas '92: The operation concluded with the conquest of Jajce.
1993	22 January	Operation Maslenica: The Croatian army launched an offensive to reconquer Krajina territory in northern Dalmatia.
	1 February	Operation Maslenica: The Croatian government halted the offensive.
	September	Operation Neretva '93: ARBiH forces attack the HVO in Herzegovina and central Bosnia.
	9 September	Operation Medak Pocket: Croatian forces launched a southeastward offensive against Krajina towards the village of Medak.
	17 September	Operation Medak Pocket: Croatia negotiated a ceasefire under international pressure.
1994	23 February	Croat–Bosniak War: The war was effectively ended with a ceasefire.
	18 March	Croat–Bosniak War: The Washington Agreement was signed, establishing the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina within Bosnia and Herzegovina.
	29 November	Operation Winter '94: Croatian forces launched an offensive into western Bosnia and Herzegovina.
	24 December	Operation Winter '94: The offensive ended to Croatian territorial advantage.
1995	1 May	Operation Flash: The Croatian Army launched an offensive which would reconquer the territory of the former Western Slavonia in Krajina.
	2 May	Zagreb rocket attacks: A two-day series of rocket attacks by Serb forces on Zagreb began which would kill seven civilians.
	3 May	Operation Flash: The offensive came to a successful conclusion.
	25 July	Operation Summer '95: Croatian forces launched a northward offensive from Bosnia and Herzegovina against Krajina forces.
	30 July	Operation Summer '95: The operation ended to Croatian territorial advantage.
	4 August	Operation Storm: One hundred and fifty thousand Croatian soldiers launched an offensive across a three hundred-mile front into Krajina.
	9 August	Operation Storm: The operation concluded with the surrender of Krajina forces at Vojnić.
	8 September	Operation Mistral 2: Croatian and Bosnia and Herzegovina forces attacked Republika Srpska forces in western Bosnia and Herzegovina.
	15 September	Operation Mistral: The battle ended in a Republika Srpska defeat.
	29 October	Croatian parliamentary election, 1995: The HDZ won a majority of seats in the Sabor.
	7 November	Zlatko Mateša of the HDZ was elected Prime Minister.
	12 November	The Erdut Agreement was signed by representatives of Croatia and Krajina, establishing a Joint Council of Municipalities in Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia (1995-1998), which would guarantee Serb rights under the protection of the United Nations Transitional Authority for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium (UNTAES) and later under Croatian sovereignty.
	14 December	Bosnian War: The Dayton Agreement was signed, establishing Bosnia and Herzegovina as an indivisible federation, with an alternating presidency, of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republika Srpska.
1996	15 January	The UNTAES mission began.
1997	15 June	Croatian presidential election, 1997: Tuđman was reelected with 61% of the vote.
1998	15 January	The UNTAES mission ended.
1999	26 November	Tuđman was declared incapacitated due to illness. Speaker of the Croatian Parliament Vlatko Pavletić became acting President.
1999	10 December	Tuđman died of cancer.
2000	3 January	Croatian parliamentary election, 2000: The Social Democratic Party of Croatia (SDP) won a plurality of seats in the Sabor.
	24 January	Croatian presidential election, 2000: Mesić, running with the Croatian People's Party – Liberal Democrats (HNS), and Dražen Budiša of the Croatian Social Liberal Party (HSLS) qualified for the second round.
	27 January	Ivica Račan of the SDP was elected Prime Minister, with the HSLS joining the SDP in coalition.
	2 February	Zlatko Tomčić of the HSS was elected Speaker of the Croatian Parliament, replacing Pavletić in that role and as acting President.
	7 February	Croatian presidential election, 2000: Mesić won with 56% of the vote.

21st century

Year	Date	Event
2001		The Chamber of Counties was abolished by Constitutional amendment.
2003	23 November	Croatian parliamentary election, 2003: The HDZ won a plurality of seats in the Sabor.
2003	23 December	Ivo Sanader of the HDZ was confirmed Prime Minister by the Sabor, with the Croatian Party of Pensioners (HSU) and Independent Democratic Serb Party (SDSS) joining the HDZ in coalition.
2005	2 January	Croatian presidential election, 2005: Mesić, running as an independent, and Jadranka Kosor of the HDZ qualified for the second round.
2005	16 January	Croatian presidential election, 2005: Mesić was reelected with 66% of the vote.
2007	25 November	Croatian parliamentary election, 2007: The HDZ maintained its plurality in the Sabor.
2007		Sanader was again confirmed Prime Minister, with the HSS and HSLS now supporting his candidacy.
2009	1 July	Sanader resigned. Deputy Prime Minister Kosor became Prime Minister.
2009	3 July	2009 flu pandemic in Croatia. First case confirmed with its origin from Australia. 526 people were infected and 22 people died from the Swine Flu.
27 December	Croatian presidential election, 2009–2010: Ivo Josipović of the SDP and the independent Milan Bandić qualified for the second round.
2010	10 January	Croatian presidential election, 2009–2010: Josipović won with 60% of the vote.
2011	4 December	Croatian parliamentary election, 2011: The SDP won a plurality of seats in the Sabor.
2013	1 July	Croatia becomes the 28th member state of the European Union.
2015	11 January	2014–15 Croatian presidential election: Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović was voted to be the president of Croatia with 50,74 % of the vote.,[36] becoming Croatia's first female president.[37][Note 1]
2015	8 November	Croatian parliamentary election, 2015: The Patriotic Coalition won a plurality of seats in the Sabor, with Croatia is Growing coalition coming second and MOST third.
2019-20	22 December-5 January	2019-20 Croatian presidential election was held. Zoran Milanović (SDP) wins with over 52% popular vote against Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović (HDZ)
2020	25 February-Present	2020 coronavirus outbreak in Croatia. Currently there over 210 cases of COVID-19 confirmed.
2020	22 March 2020	2020 Zagreb earthquake. At 6:24 AM, an 5.4 magnitude earthquake hit Zagreb and killed 1 teenager from the falling bricks. Its shock traveled few hundred kilometers.

Map Timeline

Map	Date	Name	Capital
	7th century	Byzantine Empire	Constantinople
	7th century-925	Duchy of Croatia	No permanent capital
	925-1102	Kingdom of Croatia	No permanent capital
	1102-1526	Kingdom of Croatia and Dalmatia. (Croatia in union with Hungary)	No permanent capital
(Shown in Red)	1526-1868	Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg)	No permanent capital
(Shown in Red)	1868-1918	Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia	Zagreb
	29 Oct 1918-1 Dec 1918	State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs	Zagreb
	1918-1929	Kingdom of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs	Belgrade
	1929-1941	Kingdom of Yugoslavia	Belgrade
	1941-1945	Independent State of Croatia	Zagreb
	1945-1963	Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia	Belgrade
	1963-1991	Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	Belgrade
	1991-Now	Republic of Croatia	Zagreb

References

Constantine Porphyrogenitus, De Administrando Imperio, ed. Gy. Moravcsik, trans. R.J.H. Jenkins, rev. ed., Washington, Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies, 1967.
Dzino, Danijel (2010). Becoming Slav, Becoming Croat: Identity Transformations in Post-Roman and Early Medieval Dalmatia. Brill. p. 183. ISBN 9789004186460.
Royal Frankish Annales Annales Regni Francorum ed. G. H. Pertz. Monumenta Germanicae Historica, Scriptores rerum Germanicarum 6, (Hannover 1895) for the years 819-822.
Norwich, John Julius. A History of Venice. Alfred A. Knopf: New York, 1982.
Fine, John Van Antwerp (p.257): "The early medieval Balkans: a critical survey from the sixth to the late 12th century" University of Michigan Press; ISBN 0-472-08149-7/ISBN 978-0-472-08149-3
H.T. Norris (1994). Islam in the Balkans, C. Hurst & Co. Publishers; ISBN 1-85065-167-1
Stjepan Antoljak, Pregled hrvatske povijesti, Split 1993., str. 43.
Croatian History, geocities.com; accessed 8 March 2016.
Klaić V., Povijest Hrvata, Knjiga Prva, Druga, Treća, Četvrta i Peta Zagreb 1982. (in Croatian)
Opća enciklopedija JLZ. Yugoslavian Lexicographical Institute. Zagreb. 1982.
Hrvatski leksikon (1996-1997) (in Croatian)
Frederick Bernard Singleton (1985). "A Short History of the Yugoslav Peoples", Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-27485-0
...audivit de Cressimiro Chroatorum principe quod dolo necari fecisset Goislavum fratrem suum misso apocrisario Mainardo...
Stjepan II (1089 - 1091) royalcroatia
Petar Svacic (c.1091- 1097) royalcroatia
"Croatia (History)". Encarta. Archived from the original on 31 October 2009.
"Croatia (History)". Britannica.
Fine, John Van Antwerp: "The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late 12th century to the Ottoman Conquest", University of Michigan Press; ISBN 0-472-08260-4
"750th Anniversary of the Golden Bull Granted by Bela I". posta.hr. Croatian Post. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
M. Šašić (17 November 1998). ""Zlatna bula" - temelj razvoja Zagreba kroz stoljeća". Vjesnik (in Croatian). Zagreb. Archived from the original on 4 January 2009.
Šubići bribirski do gubitka nasljedne banske časti (1322.) Damir Karbić (in Croatian)
"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 20 April 2009. Retrieved 16 March 2009.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
Križevci Bloody Assembly krizevci.eu
Kingdom of Croatia AD 925 - 1918 European Kingdoms
"History: 1301 to 1526 AD". Zum.de. Retrieved 5 September 2010.
Ramet, Sabrina P. & Davorka Matić. Democratic Transition in Croatia: Value Transformation, Education & Media, pg. xii
Battle of Krbava field, crohis.com; accessed 8 March 2016.(in Croatian)
"R.W. SETON -WATSON:The southern Slav question and the Habsburg Monarchy, page 18". Retrieved 5 September 2010.
Turnbull, Stephen. The Ottoman Empire 1326-1699. New York: Osprey, 2003. 57
Moačanin, Nenad: Some Problems of Interpretation of Turkish Sources concerning the Battle of Sisak in 1593 Archived 16 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. In: Nazor, Ante, et al.(ed.), Sisačka bitka 1593, "Proceedings of the Meeting from June 18-June 19, 1993". Zagreb-Sisak 1994, pp. 125-30.
"Croatian post Inc". Posta.hr. Archived from the original on 14 June 2011. Retrieved 5 September 2010.
"Varazdin - Historic Nucleus and Old Town (the Castle) - UNESCO World Heritage Centre". Whc.unesco.org. Retrieved 5 September 2010.
"Zahtijevanja naroda" Hrvatski sabor (in Croatian)
"Nagodba". Britannica.
Bethell, Nicholas (1974). The Last Secret. London, UK.
Potpuni rezultati izbora za predsjednika Republike Hrvatske. 18 January 2015. (in Croatian). Archived 24 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine
Croatians Elect Kolinda Grabar-Kitarovic as Their First Female President. The New York Times

Notes

Not counting Ema Derossi-Bjelajac who, as President of the Presidency of Croatia served as the first female head of state of SR Croatia.

External links

"Croatia Profile: Timeline", BBC News

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[Constantine_Porphyrogenitus-1] Constantine Porphyrogenitus, De Administrando Imperio, ed. Gy. Moravcsik, trans. R.J.H. Jenkins, rev. ed., Washington, Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies, 1967.

[Dzino-2] Dzino, Danijel (2010). Becoming Slav, Becoming Croat: Identity Transformations in Post-Roman and Early Medieval Dalmatia. Brill. p. 183. ISBN 9789004186460.

[3] Royal Frankish Annales Annales Regni Francorum ed. G. H. Pertz. Monumenta Germanicae Historica, Scriptores rerum Germanicarum 6, (Hannover 1895) for the years 819-822.

[A_History_of_Venice-4] Norwich, John Julius. A History of Venice. Alfred A. Knopf: New York, 1982.

[JohnVanAntwerpFinep257-5] Fine, John Van Antwerp (p.257): "The early medieval Balkans: a critical survey from the sixth to the late 12th century" University of Michigan Press; ISBN 0-472-08149-7/ISBN 978-0-472-08149-3

[6] H.T. Norris (1994). Islam in the Balkans, C. Hurst & Co. Publishers; ISBN 1-85065-167-1

[antoljak-7] Stjepan Antoljak, Pregled hrvatske povijesti, Split 1993., str. 43.

[8] Croatian History, geocities.com; accessed 8 March 2016.

[Klaić_V-9] Klaić V., Povijest Hrvata, Knjiga Prva, Druga, Treća, Četvrta i Peta Zagreb 1982. (in Croatian)

[JLZ-10] Opća enciklopedija JLZ. Yugoslavian Lexicographical Institute. Zagreb. 1982.

[Hrvatski_leksikon-11] Hrvatski leksikon (1996-1997) (in Croatian)

[short-12] Frederick Bernard Singleton (1985). "A Short History of the Yugoslav Peoples", Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-27485-0

[ReferenceA-13] ...audivit de Cressimiro Chroatorum principe quod dolo necari fecisset Goislavum fratrem suum misso apocrisario Mainardo...

[royalcroatia-14] Stjepan II (1089 - 1091) royalcroatia

[15] Petar Svacic (c.1091- 1097) royalcroatia

[Encarta-16] "Croatia (History)". Encarta. Archived from the original on 31 October 2009.

[Britannica-17] "Croatia (History)". Britannica.

[JohnVanAntwerpFine-18] Fine, John Van Antwerp: "The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late 12th century to the Ottoman Conquest", University of Michigan Press; ISBN 0-472-08260-4

[19] "750th Anniversary of the Golden Bull Granted by Bela I". posta.hr. Croatian Post. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 16 August 2013.

[20] M. Šašić (17 November 1998). ""Zlatna bula" - temelj razvoja Zagreba kroz stoljeća". Vjesnik (in Croatian). Zagreb. Archived from the original on 4 January 2009.

[subicibribirski-21] Šubići bribirski do gubitka nasljedne banske časti (1322.) Damir Karbić (in Croatian)

[22] "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 20 April 2009. Retrieved 16 March 2009.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[krizevci.eu-23] Križevci Bloody Assembly krizevci.eu

[europeankingdoms-24] Kingdom of Croatia AD 925 - 1918 European Kingdoms

[25] "History: 1301 to 1526 AD". Zum.de. Retrieved 5 September 2010.

[26] Ramet, Sabrina P. & Davorka Matić. Democratic Transition in Croatia: Value Transformation, Education & Media, pg. xii

[krbavamohac-27] Battle of Krbava field, crohis.com; accessed 8 March 2016.(in Croatian)

[archive.org-28] "R.W. SETON -WATSON:The southern Slav question and the Habsburg Monarchy, page 18". Retrieved 5 September 2010.

[29] Turnbull, Stephen. The Ottoman Empire 1326-1699. New York: Osprey, 2003. 57

[Moacanin-30] Moačanin, Nenad: Some Problems of Interpretation of Turkish Sources concerning the Battle of Sisak in 1593 Archived 16 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. In: Nazor, Ante, et al.(ed.), Sisačka bitka 1593, "Proceedings of the Meeting from June 18-June 19, 1993". Zagreb-Sisak 1994, pp. 125-30.

[31] "Croatian post Inc". Posta.hr. Archived from the original on 14 June 2011. Retrieved 5 September 2010.

[32] "Varazdin - Historic Nucleus and Old Town (the Castle) - UNESCO World Heritage Centre". Whc.unesco.org. Retrieved 5 September 2010.

[33] "Zahtijevanja naroda" Hrvatski sabor (in Croatian)

[Britannica-Nagodba-34] "Nagodba". Britannica.

[35] Bethell, Nicholas (1974). The Last Secret. London, UK.

[36] Potpuni rezultati izbora za predsjednika Republike Hrvatske. 18 January 2015. (in Croatian). Archived 24 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine

[37] Croatians Elect Kolinda Grabar-Kitarovic as Their First Female President. The New York Times

[38] Not counting Ema Derossi-Bjelajac who, as President of the Presidency of Croatia served as the first female head of state of SR Croatia.

Years in Croatia (1991–present)
2020
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Pre-1991 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999