Sqay

Sparring (loba) takes place in a 5-6.5 metres square. Matches are divided primarily by age but also by weight. A dre (equal to 3 points) is awarded for well performed mavashi kick (on either side of the headguard). If a maygiri kick is executed effectively on the stomach area, a dha (2 points) is awarded. A yaw (1 point) is awarded if the competitor performs a well timed stick (tora or tura) attack. Using excessive force, even to legal scoring areas, results in a penalty or disqualification.

The arms, legs, head and upper body are all legal targets. Only strikes with the "blade" of the stick and the foot below the ankle are allowed. The eyes, groin, hips, knees and uncovered skin are off-limits. The referee can give penalties at any time for ring-outs (kokoday), dropping the sword or shield, or hitting an area not recognized as a target. A muko (warning, deduction of 1 1/2 points) is given for breaking a rule once, followed by a dasi muko (strong warning, deduction of 3 points) for the second offense and an owaza (disqualification) for the third.

If a competitor manages to gain 9 points, they are immediately declared the winner and the match ends. Otherwise, the contestant with more points wins the match. Each bout is 3–5 minutes long and may be extended by 5–7 minutes in the case of a tie. In the event of a tie at the end of the extended time, a sudden death round is held. In this round, the first competitor to score a point wins the match.

The breaking (mathol) of objects is used for both training and demonstration. Any item except glass may be broken, but the most common objects are boards of wood or stone. Competitors are judged on their technique, form, quantity of items broken, and how cleanly the item(s) is broken. Scores are given on a scale of 10. Breaking in competitions is divided into the individual and team categories. The duration given for each individual or team is 3 minutes. In the team category, the group is judged as a whole using the same point method as the individual category.

Forms or khawankay are preset patterns of movements designed to improve muscle memory so the moves can eventually be performed in combat without thinking. Because modern sparring allows only a limited number of basic attacks, the majority of sqay techniques are now only taught through these sequences. In competition, khawankay are demonstrated in a 5-metre square. Competitors are judged on stance, timing and perfection of form. The team category is performed by three practitioners. Khawankay may be done with a single sword or a pair. Techniques are mainly cuts but also include thrusts. In the case of the single-sword, it is alternately held with one or both hands, depending on the move.