Sodium tetrathionate

Sodium tetrathionate is a salt of sodium and tetrathionate with the formula Na2S4O6.xH2O. The salt normally is obtained as the dihydrate (x = 2). It is a colorless, water-soluble solid. It is one member of the polythionates, which have the formula [Sn(SO3)2]2-. Other members include trithionite (n = 1), pentathionate (n = 3), hexathionate (n = 4).[1]

Sodium tetrathionate dihydrate
Names
IUPAC name
Sodium (sulfonatodisulfanyl)sulfonate dihydrate
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ECHA InfoCard 100.208.917
Properties
Na2S4O6
Molar mass 306.2665 g/mol (dihydrate)
Appearance white powder
Density 2.1 g/mL (25 ℃)
30.6 g/L (20 ℃)
Hazards
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
Flammability code 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterHealth code 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g. chloroformReactivity code 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no code
0
2
0
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

Sodium tetrathionate is formed by the oxidation of sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3), e.g. by the action of iodine:.[2]

2 Na2S2O3 + I2 → Na2S4O6 + 2 NaI

The reaction is signaled by the decoloration of iodine. This reaction is the basis of iodometric titrations.

Other methods include the coupling of sodium bisulfite with disulfur dichloride:[1]

2 NaHSO3 + S2Cl2 → Na2S4O6 + 2 HCl

The ion has idealizes C2 symmetry, like H2S2. The S-S-S dihedral angle is nearly 90 °. The central S-S distance is 2.115 Å, 0.01 Å longer than the two other S-S distances as well as those distances in most polysulfanes.[3]

structure of tetrathionate as its dihydrated sodium salt.[3]

References

  1. Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
  2. Comparative Inorganic Chemistry, Bernard Moody
  3. P. C. Christidis, P. J. Rentzeperis, C. A. Bolos (1986). "Crystal structure and chirality of sodium tetrathionate dihydrate, Na2S4O6·2H2O". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie. 177: 107-p116. doi:10.1524/zkri.1986.177.1-2.107.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)


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