Sirindhorn

Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn (Thai: มหาจักรีสิรินธร, Thai pronunciation: [mā.hǎː t͡ɕàk.krīː sì.rīn.tʰɔ̄ːn]; RTGS: Maha Chakkri Sirinthon; born 2 April 1955), formerly Princess Sirindhorn Debaratanasuda Kitivadhanadulsobhak (Thai: สมเด็จพระเจ้าลูกเธอ เจ้าฟ้าสิรินธรเทพรัตนสุดา กิติวัฒนาดุลโสภาคย์; RTGS: Sirinthontheppharattanasuda Kitiwatthanadunlasophak), is the second daughter of King Bhumibol Adulyadej.[1][lower-alpha 1]

Sirindhorn
Princess Royal of Thailand
Princess Debaratanarajasuda
Princess Sirindhorn in 2016
Born (1955-04-02) 2 April 1955
Amphorn Sathan Residential Hall
Dusit Palace, Bangkok, Thailand
HouseMahidol (Chakri dynasty)
FatherBhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX)
MotherSirikit Kitiyakara
ReligionBuddhism
Signature

HM The King
HM The Queen

HM The Queen Mother

Thais commonly refer to her as "Phra Thep" (Thai: พระเทพ), meaning "princess angel". Her title in Thai is the female equivalent of the title once held by her brother, King Maha Vajiralongkorn.[3] The Thai constitution was altered in 1974 to allow for female succession, thus making her eligible for the throne.[4]

Having been the eldest female child of the royal family (excluding Princess Ubolratana Rajakanya, who married a foreign commoner), her position is comparable to a princess royal.[5]

Early life

Birth

Sirindhorn was born on 2 April 1955 at Amphorn Sathan Residential Hall, Dusit Palace. The third child of King Bhumibol and Queen Sirikit. As the royal couple has only one son, the Thai constitution was altered in 1974 to allow for female succession. This made Sirindhorn second-in-line to the throne (after Vajiralongkorn) until the birth of Princess Bajrakitiyabha in 1978.

In December 2012, Sirindhorn was briefly hospitalised to remove calcium deposits.[6]

Early education
Princess Sirindhorn in 1991

Sirindhorn attended Kindergarten, Primary and Secondary at Thailand's most exclusive school: The Chitralada School which was established for the children of the Royal Family and Palace staff.[7]

She ranked first in the National School Examinations in primary level (grade 7) in 1967, in upper secondary level (grade 12) in 1972, and fourth in the National University Entrance Examination in 1975.[8]

Higher education

In 1975 she enrolled in the faculty of arts at Chulalongkorn University and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts, first-class honours and a gold medal in history in 1976.[8]

From 1976 she continued her studies in two graduate programs concurrently, obtaining a Master of Arts in Oriental epigraphy (Sanskrit and Cambodian) in 1980[8] and also archaeology from Silpakorn University and in 1980. From October 1977, she studied Sanskrit in Bangkok for two years under the tutelage of renowned Sanskrit scholar Satya Vrat Shastri.[9] In 1978, she obtained a Master of Arts in Pali and Sanskrit from Chulalongkorn University.[7]

In 1981 she enrolled in a doctoral program at Srinakharinwirot University, and was awarded a PhD in developmental education in 1987.

In 1984 she earned a certificate from the Asian Regional Remote Sensing Training Centre at the Asian Institute of Technology where she studied for two months.[10]

In April 2001 she won a scholarship in Chinese culture at Peking University in China where she studied the course for a month.[11]

Works and interests
Princess Sirindhorn in 2011

Aside from her passion for technology, she holds degrees in history and a doctorate in educational development. She teaches at the history department of the Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy, where she is the nominal head of the department. In addition to Thai, she speaks fluent English, French and Mandarin Chinese, and is currently studying German and Latin. She translates Chinese literature into Thai.[12]

She is also a skilled performer and avid promoter of Thai traditional music.

Like her father Bhumibol Adulyadej, Princess Sirindhorn holds radio amateur with the call sign HS1D.[13]

Scholarship

The University of Liverpool introduced a prestigious new scholarship in honour of Sirindhorn. One full scholarship will be awarded annually to enable a Thai student to study at Liverpool to complete a one-year taught Masters programme. The scholarship is open to all subjects in which a one-year taught Masters programme is offered; however, priority will be given to those students who wish to study in a subject area associated with Princess Sirindhorn such as science, information technology, medicine, the arts, geography, history, and languages. To be eligible for the scholarship, applicants must be a Thai national and already hold an offer to study a one-year taught Masters programme at the University of Liverpool.

Titles, styles, honours and awards
Styles of
Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn of Thailand
Reference styleHer Royal Highness
Spoken styleYour Royal Highness
Royal monogram
Royal Cypher Flag

Titles
  • 2 April 1955 – 5 December 1977: Her Royal Highness Princess Sirindhorn Debaratanasuda
  • 5 December 1977 - 5 May 2019: Her Royal Highness Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn, the Princess Royal of Thailand
    • 5 December 1977 – 5 May 2019: Somdech Phra Debaratanarajasuda Chao Fa Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Rathasimagunakarapiyajati Sayam Boromrajakumari
  • 5 May 2019 - present: Her Royal Highness Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn, Princess Debaratanarajasuda, the Princess Royal of Thailand
    • 5 May 2019 – present: Somdech Phra Kanishthadhiraj Chao Krom Somdech Phra Debaratanarajasuda Chao Fa Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Maha Vajiralongkorn Vararajabhakti Sirikicakarini Biryabadhana Rathasimagunakarapiyajati Sayam Boromrajakumari

Military rank

Volunteer Defense Corps of Thailand rank

Academic rank

Honours

National honours

Foreign honours

Awards

Honorary degrees
National
Foreign

Honorary titles

Eponyms

Institutions

National

A number of academic and research institutions in Thailand are named after her:

Foreign

Places

Fauna

Several fauna species are named after her, including:

Flora

Numerous plant species have been named after her:

  • Sirindhornia spp., orchids:
    • Sirindhornia pulchella can only be seen in Doi Chiang Dao National Park, blooming from April to June.
    • Sirindhornia mirabilis can only be seen in Doi Hua Mot in Tak Province, blooming during May and June.
    • Sirindhornia monophyla can be seen in Doi Hua Mot in Tak Province from March to June, as well in Myanmar and China.
  • Other plant species include:
    • Bauhinia sirindhorniae (sam sip song pra dong), a vine of the pea family. It was described in the Nordic Journal of Botany in 1997.
    • Magnolia sirindhorniae (Princess Sirindhorn's magnolia)
    • Thepparatia thailandica Phuph. or Khruea thepparat malvaceae. Thepparat is a part of her royal title. It was described in the Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) in 2006.[76]
    • Impatiens sirindhorniae Triboun & Suksathan, 2009. It was described in Gardens' Bulletin Singapore.

Notes
    • From 5 December 1977 to 5 May 2019, her full ceremonial title was Somdech Phra Debaratanarajasuda Chao Fa Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Rathasimagunakornpiyajat Sayamboromrajakumari[2] (Thai: สมเด็จพระเทพรัตนราชสุดา เจ้าฟ้ามหาจักรีสิรินธร รัฐสีมาคุณากรปิยชาติ สยามบรมราชกุมารี; RTGS: Somdet Phra Theppharat Rat Suda Chao Fa Maha Chakkri Sirinthon Ratthasima Khunakon Piyachat Sayam Borommaratchakumari).
    After Vajiralongkorn's coronation, Sirindhorn was invested of the title Somdech Phra Kanishthadhiraj Chao Krom Somdech Phra Debaratnarajsuda Chao Fa Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Maha Vajiralongkorn Vorarajbhakti Sirikitchakarinibirayabadhana Rathasimagunakornpiyajat Sayamboromrajakumari (Thai: สมเด็จพระกนิษฐาธิราชเจ้า กรมสมเด็จพระเทพรัตนราชสุดา เจ้าฟ้ามหาจักรีสิรินธร มหาวชิราลงกรณวรราชภักดี สิริกิจการิณีพีรยพัฒน รัฐสีมาคุณากรปิยชาติ สยามบรมราชกุมารี; RTGS: Somdet Phra Kanitthathirat Chao Krom Somdet Phra Theppharat Rat Suda Chao Fa Maha Chakkri Sirinthon Maha Wachiralongkon Woraratchaphakdi Siri Kitcha Karini Phirayaphat Ratthasima Khunakon Piyachat Sayam Borommaratchakumari).

References
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Sirindhorn
House of Chakri
Born: 2 April 1955
Lines of succession
Preceded by
Princess Sirivannavari		 Line of succession to the Thai throne
4th in line		 Succeeded by
The Princess Srisavangavadhana
Order of precedence
Preceded by
The Queen		 Thai order of precedence
The Princess Royal
4th position		 Succeeded by
The Princess Srisavangavadhana
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