S series (Toronto subway)

The S series is the rolling stock of light metro used on Line 3 Scarborough, part of the subway system of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. They were built from 1983 to 1986 for the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) by the Urban Transportation Development Corporation (UTDC) in Millhaven, Ontario. The trains use UTDC's proprietary linear motor-based Intermediate Capacity Transit System (ICTS, now branded as Bombardier Innovia Metro) and are its Mark I model, which is also used by the Vancouver SkyTrain and the Detroit People Mover. They consist of 14 married pair sets (28 cars total) with fleet numbers 3000 to 3027, and are not compatible with the trains on other Toronto lines, which use conventional motors.

S series
An S1 train in its original livery leaving Lawrence East towards McCowan
Manufacturer	Urban Transportation Development Corporation
Family name	ICTS
Constructed	1983–1986[1]
Entered service	1985
Refurbished	2015–16
Number built	28
Number in service	28[1]
Formation	4-car trains (2 sets of semi-permanently mated pairs)
Fleet numbers	3000–3027[1] 2 un-numbered test cars used for testing by UTDC
Capacity	30 seated, 55 standing[1]
Operator(s)	Toronto Transit Commission
Depot(s)	McCowan Yard
Line(s) served	Line 3 Scarborough
Specifications
Car body construction	Aluminum
Car length	12.70 m (41 ft 8 in)
Width	2.49 m (8 ft 2 in)
Doors	4 sets (2 sets per side) per car
Maximum speed	70 km/h (43 mph)
Weight	15,440 kg (34,050 lb)
Traction motors	3 phase AC linear induction motor
Power output	89 kW (120 hp)
Transmission	r
Power supply	(?)
Electric system(s)	600 V DC five rail system
Current collection method	Linear induction
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge

Test runs took place in 1984 and full service began in 1985. When the line opened, 12 sets operated individually as two-car units. In 1986, two more sets were added, allowing sets to be coupled to form four-car units as ridership grew. All trains operate automatically without human intervention. Although they are capable of unmanned operations, as in Vancouver and Detroit, the TTC opted to use one-man operation on all trains, a practice which was later used on heavy-rail Toronto Rocket sets on Line 4 beginning in 2016. Trains on Line 1 and Line 2, on the other hand, carry two personnel on board (an operator and a guard) while in service.[2]

Since the retirement of the remaining H-series trains in 2014, the S-series trains have been the oldest in operation on the entire subway system. They are also the only TTC rapid transit trains with a painted livery since the G series, consisting of a unique lowercase "rt" logo, referring to the line's original name of "Scarborough RT". Since 2015, the cars have been undergoing refurbishment and repainting to prolong their lifespan until the Line 2 Bloor–Danforth subway extension to Scarborough City Centre is complete, which will result in the shutdown of Line 3 and the retirement of the S-series trains. The new exterior of each car features a vinyl wrap with a blue livery (the line's colour on route maps), the Line 3 symbol, and the names of the line's six stations written on the top edge on both sides, in an effort to promote the line as a whole. The refurbished cars also include an upgraded interior with a wheelchair area, an exterior LED destination sign displaying either "Line 3 to Kennedy" or "Line 3 to McCowan", and an exterior speaker that announces the train's destination as well as new chimes, which play when the doors both open and close.