Ravula language

Ravula, known locally as Yerava or Adiyan, is a Dravidian language of Karnataka and Kerala spoken by the Ravula and Adiyan. Their language exhibits a number of peculiarities which marks it off from Malayalam as well as from other tribal speeches in the Wayanad district.[3] It is spoken by 25,000 Ravulas (locally called Yerava) in Kodagu district of Karnataka and by 1,900 Ravulas (locally called Adiyan) in the adjacent Wayanad district of Kerala.[4] The term 'Yerava' is derived from the Kannada word Yeravalu meaning borrow.[5][6]

Ravula
Yerava, Adiyan
Native toIndia
RegionKodagu District, Wayanad District
Ethnicity41,000 (2011 census)
Native speakers
26,563 (2011 census)[1]
Dravidian
Language codes
ISO 639-3yea
Glottologravu1237[2]

Phonology
Front Central Back
Close i u
Near-close ɪ ʊ
Close-mid e o
Mid ə
Open-mid ɛ ɔ
Open a

All vowels except for /ɪ,ə,ʊ,ɔ/ demonstrate contrastive vowel length.[7]

Consonants
Bilabial Dental Alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar
Stop voiceless p t̪ ʈ c k
voiced b d̪ ɖ ɟ g
Nasal m n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ
Fricative s
Approximant l ɭ j
Trill r


References
  1. "Statement 1: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues - 2011". www.censusindia.gov.in. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 2018-07-07.
  2. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Ravula". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  3. "Tribes in Malabar : A Socio-Economic Profile" (PDF). ShodhGanga.
  4. "Ravula Language". Ethnologue - Languages of the world.
  5. Marti, Felix (2005). Words and Worlds: World Languages Review. Multilingual Matters. p. 238. ISBN 9781853598272.
  6. Sinha, Anil Kishore (2008). Bio-social Issues in Health. Northern Book Centre. p. 506. ISBN 9788172112257.
  7. Mallikarjun, B. (1993). A descriptive analysis of Yerava. Central Institute of Indian Languages. OCLC 901560296.
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