Proterra, Inc.

Proterra, Inc., is an American automotive and energy storage company based in Burlingame, California. The company designs and manufactures electric transit buses and electric charging systems. Proterra's Catalyst series includes transit buses ranging from 35 feet (11 m) to 40 feet (12 m) in length and various battery configurations. Buses are charged through an overhead charging station that is placed at maintenance facilities as well as route terminals.

Proterra, Inc.
Private
IndustryAutomotive
Founded2004 (2004) in Golden, Colorado
HeadquartersBurlingame, California
Area served
North America
Key people
Ryan Popple (CEO)
Amy Ard (CFO)
Number of employees
433 (2019)[1]
Websitewww.proterra.com

History

Proterra, Inc., was founded in Golden, Colorado, by Dale Hill in 2004. Hill had previously founded TransTeq, a Denver, Colorado, bus manufacturing company that built CNG hybrid buses throughout the 1990s, as well as Alumatech, a manufacturing company that made aluminum dump trailers.

Following the Federal Transit Administration (FTA)'s push for alternative fuels and forms of mobility through such programs as the Clean Fuels Grant Program Bus and Bus Facilities,[2] and the TIGER and TIGGER programs, Hill wanted go beyond the success of his CNG buses that launched the world's first fleet of alternative fuel buses at the 16th Street Mall in Denver, Colorado. He wanted to create a company that would take the lead in creating zero-emission, U.S.-based transit buses.

This was particularly important since many of the programs, including the Clean Fuels Grant Program[3] and the TIGGER[4] program, either exclude CNG buses and facilities, explicitly require capital investments that assist in reducing the energy consumption of a transit agency, and/or reduce greenhouse gas emissions of a transit agency.

In February 2010, Proterra announced that it would move its manufacturing plant from Golden, Colorado to Greenville, South Carolina due to its close proximity to Clemson University International Center for Automotive Research (CU-ICAR).[5] In October 2011, the company announced it would consolidate all operations in Greenville, moving management and research teams from Colorado.[6]

Ryan Popple, formerly of Tesla Motors, was appointed CEO in 2014.[7]

In 2015, Proterra was awarded a $3 million grant from the California Energy Commission to fund the design, development and construction of the company's battery-electric transit bus manufacturing line in the City of Industry, California.

Proterra moved its headquarters from Greenville, South Carolina, to Burlingame, California, in October 2015.[8]

As of January 2017, the company has sold more than 375 buses to municipal, corporate and university transit agencies in 20 states.

In September 2018, Daimler invested $155 million in Proterra.[9][10]

Products

EcoRide BE35
Proterra EcoRide
EcoRide BE35 in service with Foothill Transit
Overview
ManufacturerProterra, Inc.
Body and chassis
ClassTransit bus
LayoutRR
Powertrain
EngineUQM Technologies PP220 traction motor[11][12]
Transmission
Dimensions
Wheelbase236 to 237 in (5.99 to 6.02 m)[11][12]
Length35 ft 8 1⁄2 in (10.9 m)[11][12]
Width101.4 to 103 in (2.58 to 2.62 m)[11][13]
Height132 to 134 in (3.35 to 3.40 m)[12][12]
Curb weight27,680 to 28,180 lb (12,600 to 12,800 kg)[11][12]
Chronology
SuccessorProterra Catalyst

Proterra's EcoRide BE35 is a 35 ft (11 m) composite body, fast-charge, battery electric bus that seats 38 (including the driver) and has a passenger capacity of 60. Foothill Transit was the first user of the buses, which rolled out in September 2010.[14][15] It is the first 30 ft (9 m) or larger, heavy-duty all-electric bus ever to complete federally required durability, reliability and safety testing at the Bus Research and Testing Center at Altoona, Pennsylvania. The 12yr/500,000 mi (800,000 km) STURAA test was completed on March 5, 2012.[11]

Results from the STURAA test showed an average, combined fuel economy of 1.81 kWh/mi (1.12 kW⋅h/km) or 20.84 miles per US gallon (8.86 km/l) diesel equivalent.[12]:39 Compared to the buses it replaces—conventional diesel buses average 3.86 miles per US gallon (1.64 km/l); CNG buses return 3.27 miles per US gallon (1.39 km/l) diesel equivalent; and diesel-hybrid buses average about 4.6 miles per US gallon (2.0 km/l)[16]—the results are up to 600% better. During 15,000 miles (24,000 km) of testing at Altoona for the first BE35, unscheduled maintenance included the replacement of the transmission (twice) and the traction motor (once).[11]:86–90

Foothill Transit has been working with the California Air Resources Board and the United States Department of Energy National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) to study the real-world performance of its Proterra buses.[17][18][19] Observed economy for twelve BE35 buses in the Foothill Transit fleet was 17.24 miles per US gallon (0.1364 l/km) diesel equivalent, compared to an observed 4.15 miles per US gallon (0.567 l/km) diesel equivalent for a fleet of eight NABI 42-foot CNG-fueled buses. However, the BE35 fleet operates on circulator routes at slower speeds compared to the NABI CNG fleet, which were dispatched as needed to any Foothill Transit route. The BE35 fleet achieved an availability of 80.6%, less than the desired 85% availability due to constraints on parts availability and low-voltage battery (i.e., not the propulsion batteries) reliability; the NABI CNG fleet achieved an availability of 96.8%. Total maintenance costs for the BE35 fleet ($0.41/mi) is also higher than the maintenance cost for the NABI CNG fleet ($0.27/mi).[19]

Docked in the overhead charger terminal (Feb 2016)
Curbside charging station (Nov 2015)
Charging infrastructure for Proterra Catalyst under evaluation with King County Metro Transit at Eastgate Park & Ride

The vehicle's 220-kW electric motor is powered by a lithium–titanate battery supplied by Altairnano that can be recharged in 5–10 minutes while stopped at a bus stop via overhead terminals connected to a charging station, without driver involvement.[20] Charging, which would normally take place during a brief layover, typically provides sufficient charge for a further 26 miles (42 km) of operation.[21][22] As of June 2016, Proterra will grant royalty-free access to the patents covering their overhead charging system.[23]

Catalyst
Proterra Catalyst
Catalyst BE40
Overview
ManufacturerProterra, Inc.
Body and chassis
ClassTransit bus
LayoutRR
Powertrain
EngineUQM Technologies PP220 traction motor[13]
TransmissionEaton EEV-7202[13]
Dimensions
Wheelbase296.5 in (7.53 m)[13]
Length42 ft 7 1⁄2 in (13.0 m)[13]
Width102 in (2.59 m)[13]
Height134 in (3.40 m)[13]
Curb weight
  • 27,370 lb (12,400 kg) (BE40)[13]
Chronology
PredecessorProterra EcoRide

In 2014 Proterra introduced the Catalyst, a fast-charge 100% electric bus to replace the EcoRide BE35. The bus was built on the EcoRide's design and engineering and delivered a longer, lighter and more fuel-efficient bus.

The second-generation bus measures 40 ft (12 m) and weighs approximately 27,000 lb (12,000 kg). The bus is built from lightweight, durable carbon composite. The overall lower weight helps reduce wear and tear on streets. It has no tailpipe and runs virtually silent.

With the on-route fast charging system, the Catalyst can be operated continuously, 24/7, without the need to head to the depot for lengthy charge times. Catalyst buses equipped with the Fast Charge (FC) battery pack can charge at a rate of up to 500 kW.[24] The company added a 35 ft (11 m) model of the Catalyst to its product line October 2015.

Catalyst is a modular system, offered with two different lengths, two different drivetrains, and seven different batteries, depending on the required passenger capacity, speed (hill performance),[25] and range, respectively.[26]

NREL also studied two Catalyst 40FC buses in the Foothill Transit fleet operating in 2017. The two Catalyst 40FC were slightly less efficient at 16.99 miles per US gallon (0.1384 l/km) diesel equivalent compared to the BE35s and suffered from the same low-voltage battery issues, resulting in an availability of 81.3% and a maintenance cost of $0.32/mi.[19]

Battery options

Buses equipped with the FC (Fast Charge) family of batteries are intended for circulator routes; XR (eXtended Range) battery buses are intended for intermediate-mileage routes; and E2 (Efficient Energy) battery buses are intended for high-mileage routes.[27] The buses were initially offered with lithium-titanate batteries, which Proterra redesignated the TerraVolt FC. The TerraVolt XR lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide batteries[24] were introduced in 2015 with improved range but slower charging,[28] and the TerraVolt E2 batteries were introduced in 2016 with the longest range and slowest charging.[27]

Batteries are carried under the Catalyst chassis, and use an interchangeable mounting system, so each Catalyst can hold between four and ten battery packs. The batteries can be swapped out, upgraded, or reconfigured as needs change.[24]

Others

Proterra partnered with Van Hool to build that firm's first all-electric coach for North America.[31] The Van Hool CX45E was announced in October 2017, to be available in 2019; it would be followed by a shorter CX35E model. Both of the Van Hool coaches were powered by the Proterra Catalyst E2 battery.[32] A prototype CX45E was exhibited at Busworld Kortrijk in October 2019, the only North American coach shown at the European show.[33]

In July 2018, Foothill Transit announced they had ordered two Alexander Dennis Enviro500EV double-decker buses with powertrains built by Proterra.[34] The Enviro500EV will use Proterra Catalyst E2 battery packs, on-board charging hardware, and thermal management.[35]

In October 2018, Proterra announced they had partnered with Thomas Built Buses to build an electric school bus, the Saf-T-Liner C2 Jouley (initially known as the Saf-T-Liner eC2).[36][31] The Jouley is equipped with a 220 kW-hr battery, providing an estimated range of 134 miles (216 km) and capable of recharging in three hours using 60 kW DC fast charging equipment provided by Proterra. Dominion Energy announced an order for 50 C2 Jouley school buses in December 2019, which would be deployed in the initial phase of its school bus replacement program in Virginia.[37]

The partnerships with other bus OEMs led Proterra to announce in August 2019 the Proterra Powered initiative, which supports OEMs that are interested in using Proterra's battery-electric drivetrain for heavy-duty commercial vehicles.[38][39]

Development and manufacturing

Proterra is a national company with its headquarters in Silicon Valley and manufacturing in San Gabriel Valley within metro Los Angeles and in South Carolina's Upstate Region—utilizing strengths and competitive advantages of all locations. The Proterra headquarters is centrally-located in California, home to America's largest concentration of electric vehicle and transportation technology development in North America and the number one market for transit in the U.S. The company also operates a West Coast manufacturing facility in the City of Industry, California. Proterra's East Coast manufacturing and engineering operations are located in Greenville, South Carolina and sits directly outside CU-ICAR. CU-ICAR's 250-acre campus—its research is focused entirely on industry needs and economic development—gives Proterra access to research and development resources that help further development of its EV buses and charging stations.

Current and future operations
A Proterra Catalyst operated by King County Metro.
Proterra electric bus in downtown Dallas, TX

As of 2017, Proterra stated it had sold more than 400 vehicles to more than 45 customers in 20 states.[40] Current operations and future purchases include:

Year[lower-alpha 1] City/Location State Agency Vehicles[lower-alpha 2] Refs
2010 PomonaCA Foothill Transit 31 [41][42]
2012 TallahasseeFL StarMetro[lower-alpha 3] 27 [42][45][46][47][48]
2013 San AntonioTX VIA Metropolitan Transit 3 [49]
StocktonCA San Joaquin Regional Transit District 11 [50][51]
WorcesterMA Worcester Regional Transit Authority 7 [42][52][53]
2014 ChicagoIL Chicago Transit Authority 22 [54]
Reno[lower-alpha 4]NV Regional Transportation Commission of Washoe County 20 [56]
2015 King CountyWA King County Metro Transit[lower-alpha 5] 23[lower-alpha 6] [59][60]
LouisvilleKY Transit Authority of River City 16 [61]
NashvilleTN Nashville Metropolitan Transit Authority 9 [62][63][64]
SenecaSC Clemson Area Transit[lower-alpha 7] 7 [65]
2016 ChicagoIL JLL[lower-alpha 8] 10 [66]
MissoulaMT ASUM Transportation 2 [67]
Pioneer ValleyMA Pioneer Valley Transit Authority 3 [68][69]
PortervilleCA Porterville Transit 2 [70]
2017 AtlantaGA Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority[lower-alpha 9] 1 [71]
EverettWA Everett Transit[lower-alpha 10] 4 [73]
FresnoCA California State University, Fresno 3 [74]
FresnoCA Fresno County Rural Transit 4 [74]
LexingtonKY Lexington Transit Authority[lower-alpha 10] 6
ModestoCA Modesto Area Express 4 [75]
Park CityUT Park City Public Works[lower-alpha 10] 6 [76][77]
Port ArthurTX Port Arthur Transit[lower-alpha 10] 6 [78]
ShreveportLA Shreveport Area Transit System[lower-alpha 10] 5 [79]
VisaliaCA City Of Visalia Transit Division 4 [74]
WilmingtonDE Delaware Transit Corporation[lower-alpha 10] 6
2018 Pierce CountyWA Pierce Transit[lower-alpha 10] 3 [73]
AnchorageAK PeopleMover[lower-alpha 11] 1 [80]
BaltimoreMD Baltimore Gas and Electric 2 [81][82]
BremertonWA Kitsap Transit 1 [83]
DallasTX Dallas Area Rapid Transit[lower-alpha 12] 7 [84][85][86]
DuluthMN Duluth Transit Authority 7 [87][88]
GreensboroNC Greensboro Transit Authority[lower-alpha 13] 4 [89]
MolineIL Quad Cities MetroLINK 2 [90]
New York CityNY Metropolitan Transportation Authority[lower-alpha 14] 5 [91]
San JoséCA Mineta San José International Airport 10 [92]
Santa Clara CountyCA Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority[lower-alpha 10] 5 [93]
Washington, DC DC Circulator 14 [94]
YosemiteCA United States National Park Service 2 [95]
2019 San Mateo CountyCA San Mateo County Transit District 10 [96]
Los AngelesCA Los Angeles Department of Transportation[lower-alpha 3] 25 [97]
TorontoON Toronto Transit Commission[lower-alpha 15] 10 [98]
AthensGA University of Georgia 20
2020 EdmontonAB Edmonton Transit Service 25 [99]
Los AlamosNM Atomic City Transit 2 [100]
  TOTAL 397
Notes
  1. Year of initial deployment
  2. Deliveries, leased, and firm orders
  3. Selected under the 2017 FTA Low or No Emission Program — 5339(c) enacted by the FAST Act.[43] 55% of the funds granted in 2017 went to 29 agencies that intend to purchase or lease Proterra electric buses.[44]
  4. Proterra has also partnered with University of Nevada, Reno to deploy a single autonomous bus in Reno based on the Catalyst.[55]
  5. Demonstrations began in 2015,[57] with regular service in 2016.[58]
  6. Of the 23, 3 are in service and 20 are on firm order from an option held for 73 additional buses.[58]
  7. World's first all-electric municipal bus fleet.
  8. Leased by JLL.
  9. On loan as a pilot program.
  10. Selected under the 2016 FTA Low or No Emission Program — 5339(c) enacted by the FAST Act.[72]
  11. Under a four month sponsored trial. Sponsored by the local waste management company Anchorage Solid Waste Services.
  12. First customer for the 35-foot Catalyst.
  13. GTA holds a five-year contract with Proterra and expects to purchase more than 4 buses.[89]
  14. 3-year pilot program testing 10 all-electric buses: 5 from Proterra and 5 from New Flyer.
  15. TTC is purchasing 30 electric buses (10 each from the leading manufacturers) as part of an evaluation program.

Investors

Since inception, Proterra has been funded through FTA grants as well as venture capital funding. Since 2011 Proterra has raised more than $130 million in private equity funding. Investors include:

  • Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers, a venture capital private equity firm based in Silicon Valley.[7]
  • General Motors Ventures LLC.[7]
  • Mitsui & Co. Global Investment Inc., a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co., Ltd.
  • Vision Ridge Partners LLC, a Boston-based organization that advises and invests in transformative growth companies with a focus on sustainability.[101]
  • 88 Green Ventures LLC, an investment firm that manages asset capabilities to assist emerging green companies.[101]
  • TAO Capital Partners, invests in technology, alternative energy, healthcare, consumer, and real estate businesses that have a sustainable positive impact.[7]
  • BMW i Ventures [102]

See also

References
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  3. "Clean Fuels Grant Program (5308)". US: Federal Transit Administration. Retrieved April 18, 2016.
  4. Eudy, Leslie (2012). FTA’s TIGGER Program Supporting Sustainable Transit Operations (PDF). Sustainability and Public Transportation Workshop. Colorado, US. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 3, 2016. Retrieved April 18, 2016.
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Altoona testing
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