Grumman

Grumman Historical Marker

Leroy Grumman worked for the Loening Aircraft Engineering Corporation beginning in 1920, and when it was bought by Keystone Aircraft Corporation and the operations were moved from New York City to Bristol, Pennsylvania in 1929 Grumman and his partners, all ex-Leoning Aircraft employees [1], (Edmund Ward Poor,[2] William Schwendler, Jake Swirbul, and Clint Towl) started their own company in an old Cox-Klemin Aircraft Co. factory in Baldwin on Long Island, New York.

The company registered as a business on December 5, 1929, and officially opened on January 2, 1930. While maintaining the business by welding aluminum tubing for truck frames, the company eagerly pursued contracts with the US Navy.[1] Grumman designed the first practical floats with a retractable landing gear for the Navy, and this launched Grumman into the aviation market.[1] The first Grumman aircraft was also for the Navy, the Grumman FF-1, a biplane with retractable landing gear.[1] This was followed by a number of other successful designs.[1]

Grumman Corporation logo, ca. 1976

During World War II, Grumman became known for its "Cats", Navy fighter aircraft, F4F Wildcat and F6F Hellcat, the less well known Grumman F7F Tigercat and Grumman F8F Bearcat,[3] and for its torpedo bomber TBF Avenger.[4] Grumman ranked 22nd among United States corporations in the value of wartime production contracts.[5] Grumman's first jet aircraft was the F9F Panther; it was followed by the upgraded F9F/F-9 Cougar, and the less well known F-11 Tiger in the 1950s. The company's big postwar successes came in the 1960s with the A-6 Intruder and E-2 Hawkeye and in the 1970s with the Grumman EA-6B Prowler and F-14 Tomcat. Grumman products were prominent in several feature movies including The Final Countdown in 1980[6] and Top Gun in 1986.[7] The U.S. Navy still employs the Hawkeye as part of Carrier Air Wings on board aircraft carriers, while the U.S. Marine Corps, the last branch of service to fly the Prowler retired it on March 8, 2019.[8]

Apollo Spacecraft: Apollo Lunar Module Diagram

Grumman was the chief contractor on the Apollo Lunar Module that landed men on the moon.[9] The firm received the contract on November 7, 1962, and built 13 lunar modules; 6 out of those lunar models landed on the moon. The last lunar module was given permanently to the Smithsonian Institution.[10] As the Apollo program neared its end, Grumman was one of the main competitors for the contract to design and build the Space Shuttle but lost to Rockwell International.[11]

In 1969 the company changed its name to Grumman Aerospace Corporation,[12] and in 1978 it sold the Grumman-American Division to Gulfstream Aerospace.[13] That same year, it acquired the bus manufacturer Flxible. The company built the Grumman Long Life Vehicle (LLV), a light transport mail truck designed for and used by the United States Postal Service. The mail truck had been built from 1987 until 1994. Originally, it was supposed to stay in usage for 24 years, although, some of them are still in service today.[14] In December 1982, Grumman announced that they will be selling Flxible for $40 million to the General Automotive Corporation of Ann Arbor.[15]

Grumman was responsible for a successful line of business aircraft including the Gulfstream I turboprop (Grumman model G-159) and Gulfstream II business jet (Grumman model G-1159) which were operated by a number of companies and private individuals as well as by government agencies including various military entities and NASA. In addition, the Gulfstream I propjet was operated by several commuters/regional airlines in scheduled passenger services and included a stretched version, being the Gulfstream I-C (Grumman model G-159C) which could transport 37 passengers. Gulfstream business jets continue to be currently manufactured by Gulfstream Aerospace, which is a wholly owned subsidiary of General Dynamics.[16]

F-14 Tomcat at Grumman Memorial Park, Calverton, New York

Grumman's former headquarters in Bethpage, now Altice USA (formerly Cablevision) headquarters

For much of the Cold War period, Grumman was the largest corporate employer on Long Island.[17] Grumman's products were considered so reliable and ruggedly built that the company was often referred to as the "Grumman Iron Works".[18]

As the company grew, it moved to Valley Stream, New York, then Farmingdale, New York, finally to Bethpage, New York, with the testing and final assembly at the 6,000-acre (24 km²) Naval Weapons Station in Calverton, New York, all located on Long Island. At its peak in 1986 it employed 23,000 people on Long Island[19] and occupied 6,000,000 square feet (560,000 m²) in structures on 105 acres (0.42 km²) it leased from the U.S. Navy in Bethpage.[20]

The end of the Cold War at the beginning of the 1990s reduced defense spending and led to a wave of mergers as aerospace companies shrank in number; in 1994 Northrop bought Grumman for $2.1 billion to form Northrop Grumman,[20] after Northrop topped a $1.9 billion offer from Martin Marietta.[21]

The new company closed almost all of its facilities on Long Island and converted the Bethpage plant to a residential and office complex, with its headquarters becoming the corporate headquarters for Cablevision and the Calverton plant being turned into a business/industrial complex. Former aircraft hangars have become Grumman Studios, a film and television production center. A portion of the airport property has been used for the Grumman Memorial Park.[7]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Grumman Aerospace Corporation.

• International Directory of Company Histories, Vol. 11. St. James Press, 1995 (via fundinguniverse.com)
• Grumman profile on Aerofiles.com
• Grumman Memorial Park History Center
• WW2DB: Grumman aircraft of WW2
• 1994 Aerial photograph of Bethpage Headquarters, including intact runways
• Grumman Firecat on multimedia gallery
• Archived 2007 Newsday article on decline of Grumman