Polish Braille

Polish Braille;
Type	alphabet
Languages	Polish
Parent systems	Braille Polish Braille;
Print basis	Polish alphabet

Polish Braille (alfabet Braille'a) is a braille alphabet for writing the Polish language. It is based on international braille conventions, with the following extensions:[1]

Base letter	a	c	e	l	n	s	u	y	z
Derived letter	ą	ć	ę	ł	ń	ś	ó	ż	ź

That is, for letters of the first and second decade of the braille script (a, c, e, l, n, s), a diacritic is written as dot 6, and any dot 3 is removed (or, equivalently, is moved to position 6)—that is, the base letter is moved to the fourth decade. For letters of the third decade (u, y, z), which already have a dot 6, the derivation is a mirror image. Ó is derived from u, which is how it is pronounced (also, the mirror image of o is already taken). Several of these conventions are used in Lithuanian Braille.

History

Some form of a Braille alphabet had been adapted to the Polish language by 1957.[2]

Alphabet

The full alphabet is thus:

a	ą	b	c	ć	d	e	ę
f	g	h	i	j	k	l	ł
m	n	ń	o	ó	p	r	s
ś	t	u	w	y	z	ż	ź

Print digraphs in z are written as two letters in braille as well: ⠉⠵ cz, ⠗⠵ rz, ⠎⠵ sz.

Punctuation

,	. '[3]	;	:	?	!	- —	@	*	/	\
#		•		%			‰
°	′	″		$	¢		₤		€
©		™

Paired punctuation

“ ... ”	‘ ... ’

( ... )	{ ... } (?)[4]

[ ... ]	⟨ ... ⟩

Formatting

(cap)	(l.c.)	(emph.)

External links

(a detailed account of typesetting Polish Braille)
Braille Translator on-line( Conversion of typed text on the Braille characters, full of Polish notation.)

References

Morrissey, Patrick (October 1957). "Reading Braille in Foreign Languages". The Modern Language Journal. 41 (6): 266. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4781.1957.tb01695.x. JSTOR 321522.
And thus ⠄⠄⠄ for ellipsis.
It's not clear which brackets these are. In Polish, their name is nawias wydzielający, a phrase that refers specifically to these braille characters.

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[2] Morrissey, Patrick (October 1957). "Reading Braille in Foreign Languages". The Modern Language Journal. 41 (6): 266. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4781.1957.tb01695.x. JSTOR 321522.

[3] And thus ⠄⠄⠄ for ellipsis.

[4] It's not clear which brackets these are. In Polish, their name is nawias wydzielający, a phrase that refers specifically to these braille characters.