Narjis

The first scholar to reveal information about Narjis as the mother of twelfth Imam was Al-Masudi. According to his account, she was a Roman princess named Narjis.[5] Ibn Babawayh was the first scholar to discuss the nationality of Narjis on the authority of Muhammad bin Bahr al-Shaybani, who attributed his narration to Bishr bin Sulayman al-Nakhkhas.[5] According to Ibn Babawayh[6] and Allamah Majlesi in al-Ghaibah,[7] she was a Christian convert to Islam.[5] Narjis was the granddaughter of a Roman Caesar who was a descendant of the Apostle Simon.[3] Mohammad Ali Amir-Moezzi, in Encyclopedia of Iranica, suggests that the last version is "undoubtedly legendary and hagiographic".[3] However, nowadays almost all twelvers consider her to be a Roman princess.

Saiyra, Narges Khatoon,[8] Katrina, Lilliana and Magdalena are names attributed to her in the sources.[1] According to the Sibt ibn al-Jawzi and Ibn Talhah, Sunni narrators, she had been known as Susan.[9]

According to Ibn Babawayh's account,[5] Narjis saw Mary, the mother of Jesus, and Fatimah, the daughter of Muhammad, in her dreams on fourteen nights. They asked her to become Muslim and travel to Medina by masquerading as a captive of the Muslim army.[3] According to Al-Ghaybah, after conversion to Islam upon the request of Mary and Fatima, she had another dream in which she visited Hasan al-Askari, the eleventh Shia Imam. The Imam tells her that her grandfather will shortly send an army to fight against Muslims and that she should turn herself in as a captive without being identified.[7]

According to Donaldson, Ali al-Hadi, Hasan al-Askari's father, wrote a letter and handed it to his friend Bashar ibn Sulaiman with 220 dinars in a red pouch. He asked Bashar to go to Baghdad where slaves were sold to inquire of Amr ibn Yazid about a slave girl who would shout in the Eastern Byzantine Language (Greek):

"Ακόμη και αν έχετε τον πλούτο και τη δόξα του Σολομώντα, του γιου του Δαβίδ, δεν θα απευθυνθώ σε σας. Έτσι μην σπαταλάτε τα χρήματά σας"! "Even if you have the wealth and glory of Solomon, son of David, I will not turn to you. So save your wealth!"

Ali al-Hadi had predicted that the slave seller would respond that in any case he would have to sell the slave girl but she would respond: "Don't rush and let me select the buyer". Bashar narrates that as per Ali al-Hadi's request, he handed the letter to the slave girl. The girl read the letter and cried. Then she asks Amr ibn Yazid to sell her to the writer of the letter, "for if you refuse I will surely kill myself". Bashar narrates that on their way to Samarra, the girl kisses the letter frequently, rubbing it on her face and body. When Bashar asks her about the reason, she replies: "May the offspring of the Prophet dispel your doubts". After a while she reveals to Bashar her dreams and her escape from her father's palace.[10] After joining Ali al-Hadi, he invites his sister, Hakimah Khātūn, and says to her about Narjis: "she is the wife of Hasan al-Askari and mother of al-Qa'im.

According to the views of scholars, especially Muhammad Khawja Bukhari in his book Fasl al-Khitab, Hamidah the daughter of Muhammad al-Jawad, the ninth Shia Imam, and the aunt of Hasan al-Askari, used to pray a lot to witness the son of Hasan al-Askari. On the eve of the 15th Sha'ban in 255 AH she met Hasan al-Askari. When she decided to return, Hasan al-Askari asked her to stay with them in order to witness the birth of the child whom she wished so much to see. Hamidah narrates that when it was the dawn, Narjis felt a sudden twinge of pain. Hakima went to her. After a few moments, Narjis delivered the child.[6][11] Hakima embraced the child and brought him to Hasan al-Askari. He took the child in his arms and he stroked his back and his eyes. Then he said aloud Adhan (call to prayer) in his right ear and Iqama (the second call to prayer) in his left ear.[6][11]

There were no signs of pregnancy and birth in Narjis.[6] Hakimah Khatun has said that the "pregnancy of Narjis was like pregnancy of the mothers of Moses and Jesus without any signs for the protection of the child".[6] That is because the Abbasid decided to kill the expected child, who was known as the savior.[3][7][12] After the birth of the child, Hasan al-Askari revealed the child to his forty close followers and then the child was hidden.[3][7][12]

According to Kohlberg, after the death of Hasan al-Askari, some Shia followers believed he was the Qa'im and Hujjat-Allah Mahdi was not his son, alleging he did not have any child. Also, the group believed that he had not died and had gone into occultation.[13]

Another part of historians studying the pedigrees of some Central Asian "shejere" saints, believe that the 12th Imam was not the only son of Imam Hasan al-Askari. In the 11th Imam had two sons, Sayyid Muhammad (i.e. Imam Mahdi) and Sayyid Ali Akbar.[14] One descendant of Sayyid Ali Akbar was Saint Ishan (Eshon) Imlo of Bukhara. Ishan Imlo[15] – Bukhara "saint of the last time," as he is called in Bukhara, as it is believed that after him the Saints had no more. The average Asian Muslims revere him as the last of the Saints. Ishan Imlo.[16] according to the source, died in 1162 AH (1748–1749), the mausoleum (Mazar) is in a cemetery in Bukhara. The existence of any descendant of Imam Hasan al-Askari is disputed by many people. However it is believed by Sunni and Shia followers of the Twelve Imams that Imam Hasan al-Askari had a son called Imam Hujjat-Allah al-Mahdi, who will be the redeemer of Islam. Genealogy trees of middle eastern families, mostly from Persia and Khorasan show that Imam Hasan al-Askari had also a second son called Sayyid Ali Akbar from Narjis. It definitely indicates that Imam al-Askari had children and it also substantiates the existence of Imam Hujjat-Allah al-Mahdi. The reason, why the fact that Imamal-Askari had children or not is till today disputed was maybe because of the political conflicts between the followers of the Imamah and the leadership of the Abbasids and Ghulat Shias who had not believe Hasan al-Askari's Imamah. Notable descendants of Sayyid Ali Akbar are Sufi Saints like Bahauddin Naqshband, descendant after 11 generations,[17] Khwaja Khawand Mahmud known as Hazrat Ishaan, descendant after 18 generations and Sayyid ul Sadaat Sayyid Mir Jan, maternal descendant of Imam Hasan al Askari and Hazrat Ishaan.[18] In her book "Pain and Grace: A Study of Two Mystical Writers of Eighteenth-Century Muslim India" p. 32, Dr.Annemarie Schimmel writes:"Khwaja Mir Dard`s family, like many nobles, from Bukhara; led their pedigree back to Baha'uddin Naqshband, after whom the Naqshbandi order is named, and who was a descendent, in the 11th generation of the 11th Shia imam al-Hasan al-Askari."

Shia historians generally reject the claim Hasan al-Askari fathered children other than Hujjat-Allah al-Mahd. The Shia hadith book Kitab al-Kafi, in Bab Mawlid Abu Mahdi al-Hasan bin Ali confirms the Sufi claim that Hasan al-Askari had more than one wife. In his Usul, al-Kafi writes, "When the caliph got news of Imam Hasan 'Askari's illness, he instructed his agents to keep a constant watch over the house of the Imam.".[17][19][20][21]

Al-Askari Shrine

As mentioned by Ibn Babawayh, Narjis' death preceded the death of Hasan al-Askari in 260 AH, but according to al-Najashi, a Shia scholar, she remained alive afterwards and went into hiding with her son.

The grave of Narjis is located in the Al-Askari Shrine in Samarra, Iraq. It is next to the grave of Hasan al-Askari. Ali al-Hadi and Hakimah Khatun are also buried at this holy site. [22][23]

Princess of Rome is an animated movie about Narjis, the mother of the Mahdi. The story holds that she was the granddaughter of the Roman Emperor and came to Samarra after many adventures to finally marry Hasan al-Askari. The movie has been directed by Hadi Mohamadian. Princess of Rome was screened at the 33rd Fajr International Film Festival on February 2015 in Tehran and received positive reception.[24]

• Ahl al-Bayt
• The Twelve Imams
• The Fourteen Infallibles

• Arabic document on the biography of Narjes