List of state leaders in 1859
This is a list of heads of state, heads of governments, and other rulers in the year 1859.
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Africa
- Ashanti Confederacy – Kwaku Dua I Panyin, Asantehene (1834–1867)
- Kingdom of Buganda – Muteesa I (1856–1884)
- Bunyoro – Kyebambe IV, Omukama of Bunyoro (1852–1869)
- Kingdom of Burundi – Mwezi IV Gisabo (1852–1908)
- Kingdom of Dahomey – Glele (1856–1889)
- Ethiopian Empire – Tewodros II (1855–1868)
- Gonja - Jakpa
- Kingdom of Jimma –
- Abba Rebu (1855–1859)
- Abba Bok'a (1859–1862)
- Kingdom of Kaffa -
- Kingdom of Kongo -
- Álvaro XIII of Kongo (1857-1859)
- Pedro V of Kongo (1859-1891)
- Liberia – Stephen Allen Benson, President of Liberia (1856–1864)
- Kingdom of Madagascar – Ranavalona I (1828–1861)
- Mthwakazi - Mzilikazi, King 1823-1868
- Kingdom of Rwanda – Kigeli IV (1853–1895)
- Sultanate of Zanzibar – Sayyid Majid bin Said Al-Busaid (1856–1870)
- Sokoto Caliphate
- Caliph -
- Ali bin Bello I (1842–1859)
- Ahmad bin Atiku (1859–1866)
- Grand Vizier -
- Abd al-Qadir (1842–1859)
- Ibrahim Khalilu (1859-c.1874)
- Caliph -
- Toucouleur Empire – El Hadj Umar Tall, Caliph (1850–1864)
- Unyanyembe - Mnywasele (1858-1860)
- Warsangali Sultanate – Gerad Aul (1830–1870)
- Wadai Empire - 'Ali ibn Muhammad (1858-1874)
- Wituland – Ahmad ibn Fumo Bakari, Sultan (1858–1885)
- Yeke Kingdom - Msiri (1856-1891)
- Zulu – Mpande kaSenzangakhona, King of the Zulu (1840–1872)
Asia
- Emirate of Afghanistan – Dost Mohammad Khan (1843–1863)
- China
- Qing dynasty – Xianfeng Emperor (1850–1861)
- Taiping Heavenly Kingdom – Hong Xiuquan (1851–1864)
- Chitral -
- [[Hunza (princely state) -
- Empire of Japan
- Monarch – Kōmei (1846–1867)
- Tokugawa shogunate – Tokugawa Iemochi (1858–1866)
- Ryukyu Kingdom - Shō Tai (1848-11 March 1879)
- Joseon (Korea) – Cheoljong (1849–1864)
- Sultanate of Oman – Thuwaini bin Said (1856–1866)
- Siam – Mongkut (1851–1868)
- Đại Nam (Nguyễn dynasty) - Tự Đức, Emperor (1847–1883)
Europe
- Principality of Abkhazia – Mikhail (1822–1864)
- Kingdom of Belgium
- Monarch – Léopold I, King of the Belgians (1831–1865)
- Cabinet Chief - Charles Rogier (1847–1852, 1857–1868)
- Kingdom of Denmark
- Monarch – Frederick VII (1848–1863)
- Prime Minister -
- Carl Christian Hall (1857–1859)
- Carl Edvard Rotwitt (1859–1860)
- Second French Empire – Napoleon III, Emperor of the French (1852–1870)
- German Confederation – Franz Joseph of Austria, President (1850–1866)
- Austrian Empire – Franz Joseph I (1848–1916)
- Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
- Monarch – William III of the Netherlands (1849–1890)
- Prime Minister - Mathias Simons (1853–1860)
- Kingdom of Prussia –
- Monarch – Friedrich Wilhelm IV (1840–1861)
- Regent – Prince Wilhelm (1858–1861)
- Minister President - Karl Anton, Prince of Hohenzollern (1858–1862)
- Kingdom of Bavaria – Maximilian II (1848–1864)
- Kingdom of Saxony – Johann (1854–1873)
- Kingdom of Hanover – George (1851–1866)
- Kingdom of Württemberg – William (1816–1864)
- Kingdom of Greece –
- Monarch – Otto (1832–1862)
- Prime Minister - Athanasios Miaoulis (1857–1862)
- Kingdom of Hungary – Franz Joseph I of Austria (1848–1916)
- Kingdom of the Netherlands
- Monarch – William III (1849–1890)
- Chairman of the Dutch Council of Ministers - Jan Jacob Rochussen (1858–1860)
- Ottoman (Turkish) Empire
- Sultan - Abdülmecid I (1839–1861)
- Grand Vizier -
- Mehmed Emin Aali Pasha (1858–1859)
- Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha (1859)
- Mehmed Rushdi Pasha (1859–1860)
- Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves
- Monarch – Pedro V (1853–1861)
- President of the Council of Ministers -
- Marquess of Loulé (1856–1859)
- Duke of Terceira (1859–1860)
- United Principalities – Alexandru Ioan Cuza (1859–1866)
- Russian Empire – Alexander II (1855–1881)
- Sardinia-Piedmont- Victor Emmanuel II, King of Sardinia-Piedmont (1849–1878*) *King of Italy beginning in 1861
- Prime Minister – Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour
- Savoy
- Lombardy annexed from Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
- Kingdom of Spain – Isabella II (1833–1868)
- Kingdom of Sweden – United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway -
- Oscar I (1844–1859)
- Charles XV (1859–1872)
- Kingdom of the Two Sicilies –
- Ferdinand II (1830–1859)
- Francis II (1859–1861)
- United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
- Monarch – Victoria (1837–1901)
- Prime Minister -
- Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby (1858–1859)
- Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston (1859–1865)
Middle East and North Africa
- Egypt Eyalet – Sa'id, Governor of Egypt (1854–1863)
- Sultanate of Morocco –
- Abd al-Rahman (1822–1859)
- Muhammad IV (1859–1873)
North America
- Province of Canada: Sir Edmund Walker Head, Governor of the Province of Canada (1854–1861)
- Costa Rica –
- Juan Rafael Mora Porras, President of Costa Rica (1849–1859)
- José María Montealegre Fernández, President of Costa Rica (1859–1863)
- Mexico:
- Manuel Robles Pezuela, President of Mexico (1858–1859)
- Miguel Miramón, President of Mexico (1859–1860)
- United States: James Buchanan, President of the United States (1857–1861)
Oceania
- Kingdom of Hawaii – Kamehameha IV (1854–1863)
- Mangareva – Joseph Gregorio II, King of Mangareva (1857–1868)
- Maori Lands - Pōtatau Te Wherowhero, Maori king (1858–1860)
- Samoa – Malietoa Moli, Malietoa (1858–1860)
- Tonga – Tāufaʻāhau, Tu'i Kanokupolu (1845–1893)
South America
- Argentine Confederation
- Justo José de Urquiza, President of the Argentine Confederation (1854–1860)
- State of Buenos Aires
- Valentín Alsina, Governor of Buenos Aires Province (1858–1859)
- Felipe Lavallol, Governor of Buenos Aires Province (1859–1860)
- Empire of Brazil –
- Monarch – Pedro II (1831–1889)
- Prime Minister -
- Antônio Paulino Limpo de Abreu, Viscount of Abaeté (1858–1859)
- Ângelo Moniz da Silva Ferraz, Baron of Uruguaiana (1859–1861)
- Uruguay – Gabriel Antonio Pereira, President of Uruguay (1856–1860)
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