List of introduced species

A complete list of introduced species for even quite small areas of the world would be dauntingly long. Humans have introduced more different species to new environments than any single document can hope to record. This list is generally for established species with truly wild populations— not kept domestically—that have been seen numerous times, and have breeding populations. While most introduced species can cause a negative impact to new environments they reach, some can have a positive impact, just for conservation purpose.

Australia
See also: List of invasive species in Australia and Invasive species in Australia

Mammals

Birds
  • Acridotheres tristis (common myna)
  • Alauda arvensis (Eurasian skylark)
  • Anas platyrhynchos (mallard)
  • Cacatua galerita (sulphur-crested cockatoo) - Western Australia from east Australia [4]
  • Cacatua tenuirostris (long-billed corella) - to coastal areas from inland
  • Callipepla californica (California quail) [5]
  • Carduelis carduelis (European goldfinch)
  • Cereopsis novaehollandiae (Cape Barren goose) - reintroduced onto Australian islands
  • Chloris chloris (European greenfinch)
  • Cygnus olor (mute swan) [6]
  • Dacelo novaeguineae (laughing kookaburra) - artificially expanded range
  • Dromaius novaehollandiae (emu) - reintroduced onto Australian islands
  • Columba livia (feral pigeon)
  • Australian brushturkey in Kangaroo Island[1]
  • Gallus gallus (red junglefowl) [7]
  • Gallus varius (green junglefowl) on Cocos (Keeling) Islands [8]
  • Lonchura oryzivora (Java sparrow) - Cocos (Keeling) Islands and Christmas Island [9]
  • Lonchura punctulata (nutmeg mannikin)
  • Meleagris gallopavo (wild turkey) [10]
  • Menura novaehollandiae (superb lyrebird) - Tasmania from mainland [11]
  • Numida meleagris (helmeted guineafowl) [12]
  • Passer domesticus (house sparrow)
  • Passer montanus (Eurasian tree sparrow)
  • Pavo cristatus (Indian peafowl) [13]
  • Phasianus colchicus (common pheasant)
  • Pycnonotus jocosus (red-whiskered bulbul) [14]
  • Spilopelia chinensis (spotted dove)
  • Spilopelia senegalensis (laughing dove) [15]
  • Struthio camelus (ostrich)[16]
  • Sturnus vulgaris (common starling)
  • Gang-gang cockatoo in Kangaroo Island[1]
  • Trichoglossus moluccanus (rainbow lorikeet) – to Western Australia from east Australia
  • Turdus merula (Eurasian blackbird)
  • Turdus philomelos (song thrush)
  • Tyto novaehollandiae (Australian masked owl) - Lord Howe Island from mainland [17]
  • Zosterops natalis (Christmas white-eye) - Cocos (Keeling) Islands [18]

Fish

Reptiles
  • House gecko
  • Trachemys scripta elegans (red-eared slider)

Amphibians

Arthropods

Molluscs

Echinoderms

Worms

Plants

Around 15% of Australia's flora is made up of introduced species.[57] The following is a non-inclusive list of some of the more significant plant species.

See also: List of invasive species in Australia § Plants

British Isles and other European islands

Further information can be found at the,[58] which has a free tool kit of resources on non-native species, including a photo gallery, ID sheets, risk assessments, projects database, case studies and resources for local action groups.

Mammals

Birds
Main article: List of non-native birds of Great Britain

Fish

Amphibians

Reptiles

Crustaceans

Insects

Butterflies and moths

Ants

Coleoptera (beetles)

Arachnids

Molluscs
  • Arion vulgaris (Spanish slug)
  • Brachidontes pharaonis (variable mussel) Mediterranean Islands
  • Petricolaria pholadiformis (false angel wing) [103]
  • Pinctada radiata (Atlantic pearl-oyster) [104]
  • Potamopyrgus antipodarum (New Zealand mud snail)

Worms

Other Animals

Plants

Hawaiian Islands
See also: Invasive species in Hawaii, List of animal species introduced to the Hawaiian Islands, and List of bird species introduced to the Hawaiian Islands

Mammals

*Wild pig

Birds

Primary source for this list is Robert L. Pyle and Peter Pyle, The Birds of the Hawaiian Islands[109] unless otherwise stated

Reptiles

Amphibians

Primary source for this list is Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database[123] unless otherwise stated.

Fish

Primary source for this list is Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database[123] unless otherwise stated.

  • Amatitlania nigrofasciata (convict cichlid)
  • Amphilophus citrinellus (Midas cichlid)
  • Amphilophus labiatus (red devil cichlid)
  • Astronotus ocellatus (oscar)
  • Carassius auratus (goldfish)
  • Cephalopholis argus (roi)
  • Channa maculata (blotched snakehead)
  • Cichla ocellaris (butterfly peacock bass)
  • Cichlasoma spilurum (blue-eyed cichlid)
  • Clarias fuscus (whitespotted clarias)
  • Corydoras aeneus (bronze corydoras)
  • Ctenopharyngodon idella (grass carp)
  • Cyprinus carpio (common carp)
  • Dorosoma petenense (threadfin shad)
  • Fundulus grandis (Gulf killifish)
  • Gambusia affinis (mosquitofish)
  • Gambusia holbrooki (eastern mosquitofish)
  • Hemichromis elongatus (banded jewelfish)
  • Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus (bluestripe herring)
  • Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (silver carp)
  • Ictalurus punctatus (channel catfish)
  • Lepomis cyanellus (green sunfish)
  • Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill)
  • Limia vittata (Cuban limia)
  • Lutjanus fulvus (blacktail snapper)
  • Lutjanus kasmira (bluestripe snapper)
  • Micropterus dolomieu (smallmouth bass)
  • Micropterus salmoides (largemouth bass)
  • Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (pond loach)
  • Monopterus albus (Asian swamp eel)
  • Morone saxatilis (striped bass)
  • Mugilogobius cavifrons (mangrove goby)
  • Omobranchus ferox (gossamer blenny)
  • Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout)
  • Oreochromis macrochir (longfin tilapia)
  • Oreochromis mossambicus (Mozambique tilapia)
  • Osteomugil engeli (kanda)
  • Parablennius thysanius (tasseled blenny)
  • Parachromis managuensis (jaguar cichlid)
  • Pelvicachromis pulcher (krib)
  • Poecilia latipinna (sailfin molly)
  • Poecilia reticulata (guppy)
  • Pseudotropheus johannii (bluegray mbuna)
  • Pterygoplichthys multiradiatus (long-fin armored catfish)
  • Rocio octofasciata (Jack Dempsey)
  • Salmo trutta (sea trout)
  • Salvelinus fontinalis (brook trout)
  • Sardinella marquesensis (marquesan sardinella)
  • Sarotherodon melanotheron (blackchin tilapia)
  • Thorichthys meeki (firemouth cichlid)
  • Tilapia zillii (redbelly tilapia)
  • Upeneus vittatus (bandedtail goatfish)
  • Xenentodon cancila (freshwater garfish)
  • Xiphophorus hellerii (green swordtail)
  • Xiphophorus maculatus (southern platyfish)

Arthropods

* Adoretus sinicus (Chinese rose beetle) [124]

Plants
  • Canoe plants

Other species

New Zealand
See also: Invasive species in New Zealand

Mammals

Birds
  • Acanthis flammea (common redpoll) [161]
  • Acridotheres tristis (common myna) from India
  • Alauda arvensis (Eurasian skylark) [162]
  • Alectoris chukar (chuckor)[163]
  • Anas platyrhynchos (mallard)
  • Anser anser (greylag goose)[164]
  • Athene noctua (little owl)
  • Branta canadensis (Canada goose)
  • Cacatua galerita (sulphur-crested cockatoo) [165]
  • Eolophus roseicapilla (galah)[166]
  • Callipepla californica (Californian quail)[164]
  • Carduelis carduelis (European goldfinch)
  • Chloris chloris (European greenfinch)
  • Colinus virginianus (bobwhite quail).[167]
  • Columba livia (rock dove)
  • Corvus frugilegus (rook)
  • Coturnix ypsilophora (brown quail)
  • Cygnus olor (mute swan)
  • Dacelo novaeguineae (laughing kookaburra)
  • Emberiza cirlus (cirl bunting)
  • Emberiza citrinella (yellowhammer)
  • Fringilla coelebs (chaffinch)
  • Gymnorhina tibicen (magpie) from Australia
  • Meleagris gallopavo (wild turkey)
  • Passer domesticus (house sparrow) from UK
  • Pavo cristatus (Indian peafowl) [168]
  • Phasianus colchicus (common pheasant) from Asia
  • Platycercus elegans (crimson rosella)
  • Platycercus eximius (eastern rosella)
  • Prunella modularis (dunnock, hedge sparrow or hedge accentor) from Europe
  • Spilopelia chinensis (spotted dove)
  • Sturnus vulgaris (starling) from Europe
  • Turdus merula (common blackbird) from Europe
  • Turdus philomelos (song thrush) from Europe

Reptiles

Amphibians

Fish

Insects

Arachnids

Other Animals

Plants

Up to 26,000 plants have been introduced into New Zealand. This list is a few of the more common and more invasive species.

United States and Canada
See also: List of invasive species in North America

Mammals
  • Equus africanus (feral donkey) from Europe [171]
  • Equus ferus (feral horse) from Europe (known as mustangs) [172]
  • Feral Camel from Egypt, Turkey and Tunisia [173]
  • Ammotragus lervia (Barbary sheep) from Africa [174]
  • Antilope cervicapra (blackbuck) in Texas[175][176][177][178]
  • Bison bison (American bison) in California [179]
  • Bos taurus (feral cattle) from Europe [180]
  • Boselaphus tragocamelus (nilgai) in Texas [181][182][175]
  • Capra aegagrus (feral goat, bezoar ibex) from Europe [183]
  • Hemitragus jemlahicus (Himalayan tahr) from Asia (in New Mexico)
  • Ovis aries (feral sheep) from Europe [184]
  • Ovis orientalis (mouflon) from Europe [108]
  • Oryx gazella (gemsbok) in New Mexico [185]
  • Sus scrofa (wild boar) from Europe (the common species)
  • Phacochoerus (warthog) from Africa to Texas [186]
  • Deer
    • Axis axis (chital) from Asia
    • Cervus canadensis (American elk) in Florida[187]
    • Alces alces (moose) in Newfoundland [188]
    • Cervus elaphus (red deer) from Europe
    • Cervus nippon (sika deer) from Asia
    • Dama dama (fallow deer) From Europe
    • Rusa unicolor (sambar deer) from Asia
  • Canis latrans (coyote) into Florida and Georgia through introduction and natural expansion [189]
  • Canis lupus familiaris (feral dog) from Europe
  • Felis silvestris (feral cat) from Europe
  • Nasua narica (white-nosed coati) from South America (in Florida)[190]
  • Procyon lotor (raccoon) onto Prince Edward Island[191]
  • Puma yagouaroundi (jaguarundi) from South America (in Florida)
  • Lemur catta (ring-tailed lemur) from Madagascar (in St. Catherines Island, Georgia)
  • Chlorocebus pygerythrus (vervet monkey) from Africa (in Florida)
  • Macaca mulatta (rhesus macaque) from Asia (in Florida and South Carolina)
  • Saimiri sciureus (common squirrel monkey) from South America (in Florida)
  • Cricetomys gambianus (Gambian pouched rat) from Africa [192]
  • Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris (capybara) from South America (in Florida)[193]
  • Mus musculus (house mouse) from Europe
  • Myocastor coypus (nutria) from South America
  • Rattus norvegicus (brown rat) from Asia
  • Rattus tanezumi (Asian house rat) from Asia
  • Rattus rattus (black rat) from Europe
  • Sciurus aberti (Abert's squirrel) into non-native areas of Arizona[194]
  • Sciurus aureogaster (Mexican red-bellied squirrel) from Mexico (in Florida) [195]
  • Sciurus niger (fox squirrel) into western US[196]
  • Spermophilus parryii (Arctic ground squirrel) to Unalaska Island, Kavalga Island, and Umnak Island in the Aleutian Archipelago from mainland Alaska[175][197]
  • Lepus europaeus (European hare) From Europe
  • Oryctolagus cuniculus (European rabbit) from southwest Europe and northwest Africa
  • Didelphis virginiana (Virginia opossum) from Eastern USA (in California)
  • Dasypus novemcinctus (nine-banded armadillo) in Florida - there has been a natural extension of the armadillo's range into the US since 1870, reaching Florida by 1970, however the Florida population originates from established introductions dating to the 1920s.[175][198][199]

Birds

Reptiles

Amphibians

Primary source for this list is Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database[123] unless otherwise stated.

Fish

Primary source for this list is Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database[123] unless otherwise stated.

  • Acanthogobius flavimanus (Oriental goby) from Japan (in California and Florida)
  • Alosa pseudoharengus (Alewife) (in Great Lakes)
  • Amatitlania nigrofasciata (convict cichlid) from Central America
  • Ameiurus nebulosus (brown bullhead) into western North America from eastern North America
  • Amphilophus citrinellus (Midas cichlid) - Florida
  • Astronotus ocellatus (oscar) from South America
  • Belonesox belizanus (pike topminnow) - Florida
  • Carassius auratus (goldfish) from Asia
  • Channa argus (northern snakehead)
  • Channa marulius (bullseye snakehead) - Florida
  • Chitala ornata (clown featherback) - Florida
  • Cichla ocellaris (butterfly peacock bass) from South America (in Florida)
  • Cichlasoma bimaculatum (black acara) - Florida
  • Clarias batrachus (walking catfish) from Asia (in Florida)
  • Coptodon zillii (redbelly tilapia)
  • Ctenopharyngodon idella (grass carp) from Asia
  • Cyprinella lutrensis (red shiner) from Mississippi River basin into non-native areas
  • Cyprinus carpio (common carp) from Europe
  • Gambusia holbrooki (eastern mosquitofish) - from eastern US to non-native areas
  • Gramma loreto (royal gramma) - Florida
  • Gymnocephalus cernua (Eurasian ruffe) from Eurasia
  • Hemichromis letourneuxi (African jewelfish) - Florida
  • Zebrafish - from Asia [299]
  • Heros severus (banded cichlid) - Florida
  • Heterotilapia buttikoferi (zebra tilapia) - Florida
  • Hoplosternum littorale (tamuatá) - Florida
  • Hypomesus nipponensis (wakasagi) - California
  • Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (silver carp) from Asia
  • Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (bighead carp) from China
  • Hypostomus plecostomus (suckermouth catfish) - Texas: misidentification,[300] it concerns Pterygoplichthys species
  • Hypsoblennius invemar (tessellated blenny)
  • Ictalurus furcatus (blue catfish) - from Mississippi River basin into non-native areas
  • Ictalurus punctatus (channel catfish) - from central North America into non-native areas
  • Ictiobus cyprinellus (bigmouth buffalo) - from the Eastern United States to California [301]
  • Leuciscus idus (ide)
  • Lepomis cyanellus (green sunfish) - from central North America into non-native areas
  • Macrognathus siamensis (peacock eel) - Florida
  • Mayaheros urophthalmus (Mayan cichlid) from Asia (in Florida)
  • Micropterus salmoides (largemouth bass) - from central North America into non-native areas
  • Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (pond loach) from Asia
  • Monopterus albus (Asian swamp eel) from Asia
  • Morone americana (white perch) - from eastern US into non-native areas
  • Morone chrysops (white bass) from Oklahoma (in California)
  • Mylopharyngodon piceus (black carp) from Asia
  • Neogobius melanostomus (round goby) from Eurasia
  • Oreochromis aureus (blue tilapia) from Africa
  • Oreochromis mossambicus (Mozambique tilapia)
  • Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia)
  • Oreochromis urolepis (Wami tilapia) - California
  • Parachromis managuensis (jaguar cichlid) - Florida
  • Pelmatolapia mariae (spotted tilapia) - Florida
  • Petromyzon marinus (sea lamprey) (introduced into the Great Lakes through the Welland canal c. 1921)
  • Poecilia mexicana (shortfin molly)
  • Poecilia reticulata (guppy) from South America
  • Poecilia sphenops (short-finned molly)- Montana and Nevada
  • Proterorhinus semilunaris (Western tubenose goby) from Europe
  • Pterois miles (common lionfish)
  • Pterois volitans (red lionfish) (in Caribbean seas and shorelines on the east coast of the U.S.A only)
  • Pterygoplichthys anisitsi (Paraná sailfin catfish) - Florida
  • Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus (Vermiculated sailfin catfish) - Florida, North Carolina
  • Pterygoplichthys multiradiatus (Orinoco sailfin catfish)- Florida
  • Pterygoplichthys pardalis (leopard pleco) - North Carolina
  • Rhinogobius brunneus (Amur goby) - Washington
  • Rhodeus amarus (European bitterling) - New York
  • Rivulus hartii (giant rivulus) - California
  • Rocio octofasciata (Jack Dempsey) - South Dakota
  • Sander lucioperca (zander) - North Dakota
  • Sarotherodon melanotheron (blackchin tilapia) - Florida
  • Scardinius erythrophthalmus (common rudd) from Europe
  • Tinca tinca (tench) from Eurasia
  • Trichromis salvini (Salvin's cichlid) - Florida
  • Trichopsis vittata (croaking gourami) - Florida
  • Tridentiger barbatus (Shokihaze goby) - California
  • Tridentiger bifasciatus (Shimofuri goby) - California
  • Tridentiger trigonocephalus (chameleon goby) - California
  • Xiphophorus hellerii (green swordtail)
  • Xiphophorus maculatus (southern platyfish)
  • Xiphophorus variatus (variatus platy)

Crustaceans

Primary source for this list is Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database[123] unless otherwise stated.

Mollusks

Marine[123]

Freshwater[123]

Terrestrial

Worms

Insects

[319]

Beetles and relatives

[320]

Crickets

Flies and allies

[320]

Termites

Sawflies
  • Larch sawfly
  • European pine sawfly
  • European spruce sawfly
  • Diprion similis (introduced pine sawfly)

Aphids, whiteflies, and scale insects

Ants

Bees

[359]

Wasps

Moths and butterflies

[320]

Other insects

Arachnids

Jellyfishes

Other animals

Plants

This is a non-exhaustive list of some of the more significant plant species

Oomycetes

Central America, Caribbean islands and Mexico

Mammals

Birds

Reptiles

Amphibians

Fish

Insects

Arachnids

Worms

Crustaceans
  • Amphibalanus improvisus (bay barnacle) [303]

Mollusks

South America

Mammals

Birds
  • Anas platyrhynchos (mallard) [460]
  • Anser anser (greylag goose) [461]
  • Brotogeris versicolurus (white-winged parakeet) – Peru [462]
  • Callipepla californica (California quail) [5]
  • Carduelis carduelis (European goldfinch) [209]
  • Chloris chloris (European greenfinch) [463]
  • Columba livia (rock dove)
  • Estrilda astrild (common waxbill) [464]
  • Passer domesticus (house sparrow)
  • Ploceus cucullatus (village weaver) [465]
  • Rhea pennata (Darwin's rhea) - introduced to Tierra del Fuego from mainland[466]
  • Shiny cowbird (shiny cowbird) – Chile[436]
  • Thraupis episcopus (blue-gray tanager) - Lima

Amphibians

Fish

Insects

Arachnids
  • Raoiella indica (red palm mite) [477]

Crustaceans

Mollusks

Continental Europe

Mammals

Birds
  • Griffon vulture - in most of its range in Europe (reintroduced)
  • Bubo bubo (Eurasian eagle-owl) - reintroduced into Sweden
  • Sacred ibis - France (from Africa)
  • Phoenicopterus chilensis (Chilean flamingo) [489]
  • Black swan - Poland, Netherlands (from Australia)
  • Canada goose - N Europe (France to Scandinavia) (from North America)
  • Swan goose - (from Asia)
  • Bar-headed goose - UK, Netherlands
  • Egyptian goose - UK, Netherlands (from Africa)
  • Mandarin duck from Asia [490]
  • Ruddy duck - spreading from UK (from North America)
  • Columba livia (rock dove) - into northern Europe
  • Alectoris chukar (chukar partridge) [210]
  • Alectoris rufa (red-legged partridge) - into northern Europe [491]
  • Alectoris barbara (Barbary partridge) [492]
  • Perdix perdix (grey partridge) - reintroduced to many parts of Europe [493]
  • Common pheasant - throughout (from Asia)
  • Northern bobwhite - C France (from North America)
  • Reeves's pheasant - France, Czech Republic (from China)
  • Wild turkey - Germany (from North America)
  • Rose-ringed parakeet - Spain, Netherlands, Belgium, W Germany
  • Monk parakeet - Italy, Slovakia (from South America)
  • Common mynah - Russia (from India)
  • Acridotheres cristatellus (crested myna) [494]
  • Leiothrix lutea (red-billed leiothrix)
  • Ploceus cucullatus (village weaver) [428]
  • Ploceus melanocephalus (black-headed weaver) [495]
  • Euplectes afer (yellow-crowned bishop) [496]
  • Estrilda troglodytes (black-rumped waxbill) [497]
  • Euodice cantans (African silverbill) [498]
  • Common waxbill - Portugal (from Africa)
  • Red avadavat - Spain, Po Delta (from India)
  • Greater rhea - Germany (from South America)
  • Corvus splendens (House crow)

Reptiles

Amphibians

Fish
  • Alburnus alburnus (common bleak) [74]
  • Ameiurus melas (black bullhead) - (from North America)
  • Ameiurus nebulosus (brown bullhead) - (from North America)
  • Australoheros facetus (Chameleon cichlid) [504]
  • Carassius auratus (goldfish) [505]
  • Carassius gibelio (Prussian carp) [506]
  • Cyprinus carpio (common carp) [507]
  • Esox lucius (northern pike) [508]
  • Fundulus heteroclitus (mummichog)
  • Gambusia holbrooki (eastern mosquitofish) - (from North America)
  • Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (silver carp) - (from East Asia)
  • Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (bighead carp) - (from East Asia)
  • Lepomis gibbosus (pumpkinseed) - (from North America)
  • Liza haematocheilus (haarder) - (from East Asia)
  • Micropterus salmoides (Largemouth Bass)
  • Neogobius fluviatilis (monkey goby)
  • Neogobius melanostomus (round goby)
  • Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) [509]
  • Perccottus glenii (Chinese sleeper) - (from China)
  • Pseudorasbora parva (stone moroko) - (from China)
  • Rutilus rutilus (common roach) [77]
  • Sander lucioperca (Sander lucioperca) [510]
  • Tridentiger trigonocephalus (chameleon goby) - (from East Asia)

Crustaceans

Insects

Molluscs

Other Animals

Asia excluding Japan
See also: List of invasive species in Asia

Mammals
  • Macaca fascicularis (crab-eating macaque) into Hong Kong
  • Canis lupus familiaris (dog)
  • Felis silvestris (cat) from Africa
  • Neovison vison (American mink) from North America
  • Procyon lotor (common raccoon) from North America
  • Myocastor coypus (nutria) from South America
  • Ondatra zibethicus (muskrat) from North America
  • Oryctolagus cuniculus (European rabbit) from Europe
  • Rattus norvegicus (brown rat) onto islands from mainland Asia
  • Rattus rattus (black rat) [546]
  • Ceratotherium simum (southern white rhinoceros) from Africa to China[547]
  • Equus africanus (donkey) - Sri Lanka
  • Ovibos moschatus (muskox) - Russia
  • Ovis aries (sheep) into Tibet [548]

Birds
  • Acridotheres cristatellus (crested myna) artificially expanded range [549]
  • Acridotheres tristis (common myna) into non-native areas
  • Amandava amandava (red avadavat) artificially expanded range [550]
  • Cacatua galerita (sulphur-crested cockatoo) artificially expanded range into eastern Indonesia [4]
  • Cacatua sulphurea (yellow-crested cockatoo) Hong Kong
  • Corvus splendens (house crow) into non-native areas
  • Eclectus roratus (eclectus parrot) artificially expanded range into eastern Indonesia [551]
  • Euodice cantans (African silverbill) [498]
  • Francolinus pintadeanus (Chinese francolin) Philippines from mainland [552]
  • Garrulax canorus (Chinese hwamei) into non-native areas [553]
  • Geopelia striata (zebra dove) artificially expanded range [554]
  • Geronticus eremita (northern bald ibis) reintroduced into Turkey
  • Lonchura atricapilla (chestnut munia) Maluku Islands [555]
  • Lonchura leucogastroides (Javan munia) Singapore and S Malay Peninsula
  • Lonchura oryzivora (Java sparrow) artificially expanded range [9]
  • Passer montanus (Eurasian tree sparrow) artificially expanded range [556]
  • Perdix dauurica (Daurian partridge) Philippines from mainland[557]
  • Psittacula krameri (rose-ringed parakeet) into Israel [558]
  • Spilopelia chinensis (spotted dove) eastern Indonesia [559]
  • Tanygnathus lucionensis (blue-naped parrot) Borneo [560]
  • Trichoglossus haematodus (coconut lorikeet) Hong Kong [561][562]

Reptiles

Amphibians

Fish
  • Arapaima gigas from South America [569]
  • Abbottina rivularis (Chinese false gudgeon) into non-native areas [570]
  • Amatitlania nigrofasciata (convict cichlid) [571]
  • Clarias gariepinus (African sharptooth catfish) [572]
  • Colossoma macropomum (tambaqui) from South America [573]
  • Coptodon zillii (redbelly tilapia) [574]
  • Gambusia affinis (mosquitofish) [575]
  • Gambusia holbrooki (eastern mosquitofish) [75]
  • Hemibarbus maculatus (spotted steed) into non-native areas [576]
  • Hemiculter leucisculus (sharpbelly) into Central Asia
  • Ictalurus punctatus (channel catfish) [577]
  • Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill) [578]
  • Mayaheros urophthalmus (Mayan cichlid) [579]
  • Micropterus dolomieu (smallmouth bass) [580]
  • Micropterus salmoides (largemouth bass) [451]
  • Oreochromis mossambicus (Mozambique tilapia)[25]
  • Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) [581]
  • Poecilia reticulata (guppy) [582]
  • Poecilia sphenops (molly) [583]
  • Pseudorasbora parva (stone moroko) into non-native areas [584]
  • Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus (suckermouth armored catfish) [585]
  • Rhodeus ocellatus (rosy bitterling) into non-native areas [586]
  • Salvelinus fontinalis (brook trout) [586]
  • Xiphophorus hellerii (green swordtail) [587]

Insects

Other arthropods

Molluscs

Other Animals

Japan

Mammals
  • Macaca cyclopis (Formosan rock macaque) in Japan (from mainland Asia)[616]
  • Macaca mulatta (rhesus macaque) in Japan (from mainland Asia)[617]
  • Canis lupus familiaris (dog) [618]
  • Felis silvestris (cat) from Africa
  • Neovison vison (American mink) from North America
  • Martes melampus (Japanese marten) [619]
  • Mustela itatsi (Japanese weasel) [620]
  • Mustela sibirica (Siberian weasel) [621]
  • Nyctereutes procyonoides (raccoon dog) [622]
  • Procyon lotor (common raccoon) from North America
  • Herpestes javanicus (small Asian mongoose) in Japan (from mainland Asia)[623]
  • Paguma larvata (masked palm civet) in Japan (from Taiwan) [624]
  • Erinaceus amurensis (Amur hedgehog) to Japan from mainland Asia [625][626]
  • Pipistrellus abramus (Japanese house bat) from native parts of Japan to Hokkaido [627]
  • Crocidura dsinezumi (Dsinezumi shrew) [628]
  • Eutamias sibiricus (Siberian chipmunk) [629]
  • Mus musculus (house mouse) [630]
  • Rattus exulans (Polynesian rat) [631]
  • Rattus norvegicus (brown rat) [632]
  • Rattus rattus (black rat) [546]
  • Sciurus vulgaris (red squirrel) [633]
  • Callosciurus erythraeus (Pallas's squirrel) into Japan [634]
  • Callosciurus finlaysonii (Finlayson's squirrel) into Japan [635]
  • Myocastor coypus (nutria) from South America [636]
  • Ondatra zibethicus (muskrat) from North America [637]
  • Oryctolagus cuniculus (European rabbit) from Europe (see also Ōkunoshima, also known as Japanese rabbit island)
  • Bos taurus (cattle) [638]
  • Capra aegagrus (feral goat) [639]
  • Muntiacus reevesi (Reeves's muntjac) [640]
  • Sus scrofa (wild boar) [641]

Birds
  • Acridotheres cristatellus (crested myna) [642]
  • Acridotheres tristis (common myna) [643]
  • Amandava amandava (red avadavat) [644]
  • Bambusicola thoracicus (Chinese bamboo partridge) Japan from China
  • Branta canadensis (Canada goose) [645]
  • Colinus virginianus (northern bobwhite) [646][647]
  • Columba livia (rock dove) into Japan [648]
  • Cygnus atratus (black swan) [649]
  • Cygnus olor (mute swan) into Japan from mainland Asia [650]
  • Garrulax canorus (Chinese hwamei) [651]
  • Garrulax cineraceus (moustached laughing thrush) [652]
  • Garrulax sannio (white-browed laughing thrush) [653]
  • Gracupica contra (Asian pied starling) in Japan from mainland Asia [654]
  • Himantopus mexicanus (black-necked stilt) into Japan. Possible subspecies of the native Himantopus himantopus
  • Leiothrix lutea (red-billed leiothrix) into Japan [655]
  • Lonchura atricapilla (chestnut mannikin) [656]
  • Lonchura malacca (tricolored mannikin) [657]
  • Lonchura oryzivora (Java sparrow) [658]
  • Lonchura striata (white-rumped munia) [659]
  • Melopsittacus undulatus (budgerigar) [660]
  • Paroaria coronata (red-crested cardinal) [661]
  • Pavo cristatus (Indian peafowl) in Japan [662]
  • Phasianus colchicus (common pheasant) into Japan [663]
  • Pica pica (Eurasian magpie) Japan from mainland
  • Psittacula alexandri (red-breasted parakeet) in Japan [664]
  • Psittacula eupatria (Alexandrine parakeet) in Japan [665]
  • Psittacula krameri (ring-necked parakeet) [666]
  • Pycnonotus jocosus (red-whiskered bulbul) in Japan [667]
  • Pycnonotus sinensis (light-vented bulbul) [668]
  • Vidua macroura (pin-tailed whydah) [669]

Reptiles

Amphibians

Fish

Insects

Other Arthropods

Molluscs

Other Animals

Africa
Main article: List of invasive species in Africa

Mammals

Birds
  • Acridotheres tristis (common mynah)
  • Agapornis fischeri (Fischer's lovebird) - coastal Tanzania and Kenya from inland [772]
  • Agapornis personatus (yellow-collared lovebird) - Kenya from Tanzania [773]
  • Alectoris barbara (Barbary partridge) - onto Canary Islands from mainland [422]
  • Alectoris rufa (red-legged partridge) [491]
  • Amandava amandava (red avadavat) [550]
  • Anas platyrhynchos (mallard)
  • Bubulcus ibis (cattle egret) – Seychelles
  • Carduelis carduelis (European goldfinch) – Cape Verde [209]
  • Columba livia (rock pigeon)
  • Corvus splendens (house crow)
  • Coturnix coturnix (common quail) - Réunion [774]
  • Crithagra mozambica (yellow-fronted canary) - numerous islands from mainland [775]
  • Cygnus olor (mute swan) - South Africa [6]
  • Estrilda astrild (common waxbill) - numerous islands from mainland [464]
  • Foudia madagascariensis (red fody) – Indian Ocean islands from mainland [776]
  • Francolinus pintadeanus (Chinese francolin) - Mauritius [552]
  • Francolinus pondicerianus (grey francolin) [777]
  • Fringilla coelebs (chaffinch) - restricted to a few suburbs of Cape Town, a city in the southwest of South Africa
  • Gallus gallus (red junglefowl) [778]
  • Geopelia striata (zebra dove) [554]
  • Lonchura oryzivora (Java sparrow) [9]
  • Lonchura punctulata (scaly-breasted munia) [779]
  • Oxyura jamaicensis (ruddy duck)
  • Passer domesticus (house sparrow)
  • Ploceus cucullatus (village weaver) - Mauritius [465]
  • Psittacula krameri (rose-ringed parakeet) [558]
  • Pycnonotus jocosus (red-whiskered bulbul) [14]
  • Quelea quelea (red-billed quelea) - on to Réunion [780]
  • Serinus canicollis (Cape canary) - Réunion [781]
  • Spilopelia chinensis (spotted dove)
  • Streptopelia roseogrisea (African collared dove) - onto Canary Islands from mainland [782]
  • Sturnus vulgaris (common starling)
  • Tyto alba (western barn owl) [783]

Reptiles

Amphibians
  • Amietophrynus gutturalis (guttural toad) [790]

Fish

Crustaceans

Insects

Molluscs

Worms

Other Animals

Plants

Oceania and remote islands

Mammals
  • Bos taurus (cattle)
  • Bubalus bubalis (water buffalo)
  • Canis lupus (dog)
  • Capra aegagrus (feral goat)
  • Equus africanus (donkey)
  • Felis silvestris (feral cat)
  • Herpestes javanicus (small Asian mongoose) – Fiji [834]
  • Macaca fascicularis (crab-eating macaque)
  • Mus musculus (house mouse)
  • Mustela putorius (ferret) – Azores [835]
  • Oryctolagus cuniculus (European rabbit)
  • Ovis aries (sheep)
  • Rattus norvegicus (brown rat)
  • Rattus rattus (black rat)
  • Rusa marianna (Philippine deer)
  • Sciurus carolinensis (eastern gray squirrel) - Pitcairn Islands [836]
  • Suncus murinus (Asian house shrew)
  • Sus scrofa (wild boar)

Birds

Reptiles
  • Boiga irregularis (brown tree snake)
  • Hemidactylus frenatus (common house gecko) [113]
  • Lacerta dugesii (Madeiran wall lizard) - Azores [860]
  • Iguana iguana (green iguana) – Fiji
  • Trachemys scripta (red-eared slider)

Amphibians

Insects

Molluscs

Worms

See also

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  552. "Chinese Francolin (Francolinus pintadeanus)". www.hbw.com.
  553. "Garrulax canorus (Chinese hwamei)". www.cabi.org.
  554. "Zebra Dove (Geopelia striata)". www.hbw.com.
  555. "Chestnut Munia (Lonchura atricapilla)". www.hbw.com.
  556. International), BirdLife International (BirdLife (October 1, 2016). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Eurasian Tree Sparrow". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  557. "Daurian Partridge (Perdix dauurica)". www.hbw.com.
  558. "Psittacula krameri (rose-ringed parakeet)". www.cabi.org.
  559. "Eastern Spotted Dove (Spilopelia chinensis)". www.hbw.com.
  560. "Blue-naped Parrot (Tanygnathus lucionensis)". www.hbw.com.
  561. International), BirdLife International (BirdLife (August 9, 2018). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Coconut Lorikeet". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  562. "Coconut Lorikeet (Trichoglossus haematodus) - BirdLife species factsheet". datazone.birdlife.org.
  563. Dijk (N/A), Peter Paul van (August 2, 2010). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Snapping Turtle". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  564. "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Yellow-bellied Slider Turtle". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. August 1, 2010.
  565. "Trachemys scripta elegans / Invasive Species of Japan". www.nies.go.jp.
  566. "GISD". www.iucngisd.org.
  567. "Brahminy blind snake / Invasive Species of Japan". www.nies.go.jp.
  568. "GISD". www.iucngisd.org.
  569. "Wayback Machine". October 16, 2008. Archived from the original on 2008-10-16.
  570. "Abbottina rivularis (Chinese false gudgeon)". www.cabi.org.
  571. "Convict cichlid / Invasive Species of Japan". www.nies.go.jp.
  572. "Clarias gariepinus". www.cabi.org.
  573. "FAO Fisheries & Aquaculture - Introductions of Aquatic Species". www.fao.org.
  574. "Redbelly tilapia / Invasive Species of Japan". www.nies.go.jp.
  575. "Mosquitofish, Topminnor / Invasive Species of Japan". www.nies.go.jp.
  576. "Hemibarbus maculatus (spotted steed)". www.cabi.org.
  577. "Ictalurus punctatus / Invasive Species of Japan". www.nies.go.jp.
  578. "Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill)". www.cabi.org.
  579. "Cichlasoma urophthalmum (Mayan cichlid)". www.cabi.org.
  580. "Micropterus dolomieu (smallmouth bass)". www.cabi.org.
  581. "Oreochromis niloticus / Invasive Species of Japan". www.nies.go.jp.
  582. "Poecilia reticulata / Invasive Species of Japan". www.nies.go.jp.
  583. "Molly / Invasive Species of Japan". www.nies.go.jp.
  584. "Pseudorasbora parva (topmouth gudgeon)". www.cabi.org.
  585. "Suckermouth armored catfishes, Vermiculated sailfin catfish / Invasive Species of Japan". www.nies.go.jp.
  586. "Rhodeus ocellatus ocellatus (rosy bitterling)". www.cabi.org.
  587. "Green swordtail / Invasive Species of Japan". www.nies.go.jp.
  588. Novoselsky, Tanya; Chen, Ping-ping; Nieser, Nico (2018). "A review of the giant water bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Belostomatidae) of Israel". doi:10.5281/zenodo.2529002. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  589. "Bemisia argentifolii / Invasive Species of Japan". www.nies.go.jp.
  590. "Chrysomya bezziana (Old World screw-worm)". www.cabi.org.
  591. "Dendroctonus pseudotsugae (Douglas-fir beetle)". www.cabi.org.
  592. "Western flower thrips / Invasive Species of Japan". www.nies.go.jp.
  593. "Hypera postica / Invasive Species of Japan". www.nies.go.jp.
  594. "Linepithema humile / Invasive Species of Japan". www.nies.go.jp.
  595. "Liriomyza sativae / Invasive Species of Japan". www.nies.go.jp.
  596. "Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus / Invasive Species of Japan". www.nies.go.jp.
  597. "Oracella acuta (loblolly pine mealybug)". www.cabi.org.
  598. "Phenacoccus manihoti (cassava mealybug)". www.cabi.org.
  599. "Quadrastichus erythrinae (Erythrina gall wasp)". www.cabi.org.
  600. "Solenopsis geminata / Invasive Species of Japan". www.nies.go.jp.
  601. "Solenopsis invicta (red imported fire ant)". www.cabi.org.
  602. "Trialeurodes vaporariorum / Invasive Species of Japan". www.nies.go.jp.
  603. "Vespa velutina (Asian hornet)". www.cabi.org.
  604. "Xyleborus volvulus". www.cabi.org.
  605. "Latrodectus geometricus / Invasive Species of Japan". www.nies.go.jp.
  606. "striped barnacle / Invasive Species of Japan". www.nies.go.jp.
  607. "Threeband gardenslug, greenhouse slug / Invasive Species of Japan". www.nies.go.jp.
  608. "Cannibal snail, Rosy wolf snail / Invasive Species of Japan". www.nies.go.jp.
  609. "Limnoperna fortunei (golden mussel)". www.cabi.org.
  610. "Decollate snail / Invasive Species of Japan". www.nies.go.jp.
  611. "Ruditapes philippinarum (Japanese carpet shell)". www.cabi.org.
  612. "/ Invasive Species of Japan". www.nies.go.jp.
  613. "Bursaphelenchus xylophilus / Invasive Species of Japan". www.nies.go.jp.
  614. "Potato-cyst nematode / Invasive Species of Japan". www.nies.go.jp.
  615. "/ Invasive Species of Japan". www.nies.go.jp.
  616. "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Formosan Rock Macaque". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. June 30, 2008.
  617. "Macaca mulatta / Invasive Species of Japan". www.nies.go.jp.
  618. "Feral dog, Domestic dog / Invasive Species of Japan". www.nies.go.jp.
  619. "Yellow marten, Japanese marten / Invasive Species of Japan". www.nies.go.jp.
  620. "Japanese weasel / Invasive Species of Japan".
  621. "Siberian weasel / Invasive Species of Japan".
  622. "Raccoon Dog / Invasive Species of Japan".
  623. "GISD". www.iucngisd.org.
  624. "Masked Musang， Masked Palm Civet / Invasive Species of Japan".
  625. "特定外来生物の解説：ハリネズミ属の全種 [外来生物法]". www.env.go.jp.
  626. "Erinaceus SPP. / Invasive Species of Japan".
  627. "Japanese pipistrelle / Invasive Species of Japan".
  628. "Dsinezumi shrew, Japanese white-toothed shrew / Invasive Species of Japan".
  629. "Siberian chipmunk / Invasive Species of Japan".
  630. "Mus musculus / Invasive Species of Japan".
  631. "Rattus exulans / Invasive Species of Japan".
  632. "Norway rat, brown rat / Invasive Species of Japan".
  633. "Eurasian red squirrel / Invasive Species of Japan".
  634. "Callosciurus erythraeus subspp. / Invasive Species of Japan".
  635. "Callosciurus finlaysonii (Finlayson's squirrel)". www.cabi.org.
  636. "Myocastor coypus / Invasive Species of Japan".
  637. "Muskrat / Invasive Species of Japan".
  638. "Cattle / Invasive Species of Japan".
  639. "Feral goat / Invasive Species of Japan".
  640. "Reeves's (Or Chinese) Muntjac / Invasive Species of Japan".
  641. "Wild boar, Eurasia Wild Pig / Invasive Species of Japan".
  642. "Crested myna, Chinese crested myna, Chinese jungle myna, Tufted myna, Chinese starling / Invasive Species of Japan".
  643. "Acridotheres tristis / Invasive Species of Japan".
  644. "Red avadavat, Red munia, Avadavat, Strawberry finch, Red waxbill, Scarlet amandava, Amandava / Invasive Species of Japan".
  645. "Branta canadensis moffitti / Invasive Species of Japan".
  646. "Colinus virginianus / Invasive Species of Japan".
  647. "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  648. "Rock dove, Feral pigeon / Invasive Species of Japan".
  649. "Cygnus atratus / Invasive Species of Japan".
  650. "Cygnus olor / Invasive Species of Japan".
  651. "Melodius laughing thrush, Hawamei, Chinese thrush / Invasive Species of Japan".
  652. "Garrulax cineraceus / Invasive Species of Japan".
  653. "White-browed laughing thrush / Invasive Species of Japan".
  654. "Pied starling, Asian pied starling / Invasive Species of Japan".
  655. "Leiothrix lutea / Invasive Species of Japan".
  656. "Chestnut mannikin / Invasive Species of Japan".
  657. "Tricolored mannikin, Three-coloured mannikin / Invasive Species of Japan".
  658. "Java sparrow / Invasive Species of Japan".
  659. "White-rumped munia, Striated munia, Striated mannikin, Hodgson's munia, White-backed munia, Sharp-tailed munia, Sharp-tailed mannikin, Bengalese finch / Invasive Species of Japan".
  660. "Budgerigar / Invasive Species of Japan".
  661. "Red-crested cardinal, Brazilian cardinal / Invasive Species of Japan".
  662. "Common peafowl, Peafowl, Indian peafowl, Blue peafowl / Invasive Species of Japan".
  663. "Ring-necked Pheasant / Invasive Species of Japan".
  664. "Red-breasted parakeet, Indian moustached parakeet, Moustached parakeet / Invasive Species of Japan".
  665. "Alexandrine parakeet / Invasive Species of Japan".
  666. "Ring-necked parakeet / Invasive Species of Japan".
  667. "Red-wiskered bulbul, Red-eared bulbul / Invasive Species of Japan".
  668. "Light-vented bulbul / Invasive Species of Japan".
  669. "Pin-tailed whydah / Invasive Species of Japan".
  670. "Yellow-margined box turtle / Invasive Species of Japan".
  671. "Reeves' pond turtle / Invasive Species of Japan".
  672. "Chelydra serpentina subspp. / Invasive Species of Japan".
  673. "Chinese softshell turtle / Invasive Species of Japan".
  674. "Green anole / Invasive Species of Japan".
  675. "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  676. "Hokou gecko / Invasive Species of Japan".
  677. "House gecko / Invasive Species of Japan".
  678. "Tree gecko / Invasive Species of Japan".
  679. "Japalura swinhonis / Invasive Species of Japan".
  680. "Mourning gecko / Invasive Species of Japan".
  681. "Beauty snake / Invasive Species of Japan".
  682. "Sakisima habu / Invasive Species of Japan".
  683. "Taiwan habu / Invasive Species of Japan".
  684. "Polypedates leucomystax / Invasive Species of Japan".
  685. "African Clawed Toad, Common Clawed Frog, Common Platanna / Invasive Species of Japan".
  686. "Chinese Giant Salamander / Invasive Species of Japan".
  687. "Striped bitterling / Invasive Species of Japan".
  688. "Acheilognathus macropterus / Invasive Species of Japan".
  689. "Kanehira / Invasive Species of Japan".
  690. "Zenitanago / Invasive Species of Japan".
  691. "Snakehead / Invasive Species of Japan".
  692. "Channa asiatica / Invasive Species of Japan".
  693. "Walking catfish / Invasive Species of Japan".
  694. "Clarias batrachus (walking catfish)". www.cabi.org.
  695. "Whitespotted clarias, Hong Kong catfish / Invasive Species of Japan".
  696. "Blotched snakehead / Invasive Species of Japan".
  697. "Ctenopharyngodon idella / Invasive Species of Japan".
  698. "Common carp, Asian carp / Invasive Species of Japan".
  699. "Pearl danio / Invasive Species of Japan".
  700. "Zebrafish, Zebra danio / Invasive Species of Japan".
  701. "Silver bighead, Silver carp / Invasive Species of Japan".
  702. "Striped bighead / Invasive Species of Japan".
  703. "Bluegill / Invasive Species of Japan".
  704. "Paradise fish / Invasive Species of Japan".
  705. "Smallmouth bass / Invasive Species of Japan".
  706. "Largemouth bass / Invasive Species of Japan".
  707. "Swamp eel / Invasive Species of Japan".
  708. "Mylopharyngodon piceus / Invasive Species of Japan".
  709. "Argentinian silverside / Invasive Species of Japan".
  710. "Rainbow trout, Steelhead / Invasive Species of Japan".
  711. "/ Invasive Species of Japan".
  712. "Indian glassy fish / Invasive Species of Japan".
  713. "Paramisgurnus dabryanus / Invasive Species of Japan".
  714. "Rosy bitterling / Invasive Species of Japan".
  715. "Brown trout / Invasive Species of Japan".
  716. "Brook trout / Invasive Species of Japan".
  717. "Lake trout / Invasive Species of Japan".
  718. "Silurus asotus / Invasive Species of Japan".
  719. "Numachichibu / Invasive Species of Japan".
  720. "Agriosphodrus dohrni / Invasive Species of Japan".
  721. "Anoplolepis gracilipes (yellow crazy ant)". www.cabi.org.
  722. "Aromia bungii / Invasive Species of Japan".
  723. "German cockroach / Invasive Species of Japan".
  724. "Caverelius saccharivorus / Invasive Species of Japan".
  725. "Coptotermes formosanus (Formosan subterranean termite)".
  726. "Cylas formicarius / Invasive Species of Japan".
  727. "Delta pyriforme / Invasive Species of Japan".
  728. "Dryocosmus kuriphilus / Invasive Species of Japan".
  729. "Epilachna varivestis / Invasive Species of Japan".
  730. "Erionota torus (Banana skipper)".
  731. "Euscepes postfasciatus / Invasive Species of Japan".
  732. "Hestina assimilis / Invasive Species of Japan".
  733. "Liriomyza trifolii / Invasive Species of Japan".
  734. "Monomorium pharaonis (Pharaoh ant)".
  735. "Nealsomyia rufella / Invasive Species of Japan".
  736. "/ Invasive Species of Japan".
  737. "Paraglenea fortunei / Invasive Species of Japan".
  738. "Parasa lepida / Invasive Species of Japan".
  739. "Protaetia orientalis sakaii / Invasive Species of Japan".
  740. "Rhabdoscelus obscurus / Invasive Species of Japan".
  741. "Rhynchophorus ferrugineus / Invasive Species of Japan".
  742. "Sericinus montela subspp. / Invasive Species of Japan".
  743. "Melon thrips / Invasive Species of Japan".
  744. "Unaspis yanonensis / Invasive Species of Japan".
  745. "Vespa velutina / Invasive Species of Japan".
  746. "Xylocopa tranquebarorum / Invasive Species of Japan".
  747. "Tomato russet mite / Invasive Species of Japan".
  748. "/ Invasive Species of Japan".
  749. "Mediterranean green crab / Invasive Species of Japan".
  750. "Pacifastacus leniusculus / Invasive Species of Japan".
  751. "Procambarus clarkii / Invasive Species of Japan".
  752. "Tuberculate pear crab / Invasive Species of Japan".
  753. "Titan Acorn barnacle / Invasive Species of Japan".
  754. "Crangonyx floridanus / Invasive Species of Japan".
  755. "Asian clam, Prosperity clam / Invasive Species of Japan".
  756. "Onyx slippersnail / Invasive Species of Japan".
  757. "Limnoperna fortunei / Invasive Species of Japan".
  758. "Giant African snail / Invasive Species of Japan".
  759. "Nassarius snail / Invasive Species of Japan".
  760. "Green mussel, green-lipped mussel / Invasive Species of Japan".
  761. "Apple snail / Invasive Species of Japan".
  762. "SMLL brown mussel / Invasive Species of Japan".
  763. "/ Invasive Species of Japan".
  764. "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  765. "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  766. "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  767. "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  768. "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  769. "Ammotragus lervia (aoudad)". www.cabi.org.
  770. "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  771. Russell Mittermeier; et al. (2006). Lemurs of Madagascar (2nd ed.). pp. 272–274. ISBN 978-1-881173-88-5.
  772. "Fischer's Lovebird (Agapornis fischeri)".
  773. "Yellow-collared Lovebird (Agapornis personatus)".
  774. "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  775. "Yellow-fronted Canary (Crithagra mozambica)".
  776. "Red Fody (Foudia madagascariensis)".
  777. "Grey Francolin (Francolinus pondicerianus)".
  778. "Red Junglefowl (Gallus gallus)".
  779. "Scaly-breasted Munia (Lonchura punctulata)".
  780. "Quelea quelea (weaver bird)". www.cabi.org.
  781. "Cape Canary (Serinus canicollis)".
  783. "Tyto alba (Barn owl)". www.cabi.org.
  784. "Invasive Species South Africa - Protecting Biodiversity from Invasion - European pond turtle | Emys orbicularis".
  785. "Invasive Species South Africa - Protecting Biodiversity from Invasion - Stump-tailed gecko | Gehyra mutilata".
  786. South Africa: Reptiles. Global Invasive Species Database. ISSG.
  787. "Invasive Species South Africa - Protecting Biodiversity from Invasion - Mourning gecko | Lepidodactylus lugubris".
  788. "Invasive Species South Africa - Protecting Biodiversity from Invasion - Moorish wall gecko | Tarentola mauritanica".
  789. "Invasive Species South Africa - Protecting Biodiversity from Invasion - Alligator snapping turtle | Macrochelys temminckii". Archived from the original on 2019-08-26. Retrieved 2019-08-26.
  790. "Invasive Species South Africa - Protecting Biodiversity from Invasion - Guttural toad | Amietophrynus gutturalis".
  791. "Invasive Species South Africa - Protecting Biodiversity from Invasion - Grass carp | Ctenopharyngodon idella".
  792. "Invasive Species South Africa - Protecting Biodiversity from Invasion - Common carp | Cyprinus carpio".
  794. "Invasive Species South Africa - Protecting Biodiversity from Invasion - Mosquitofish | Gambusia affinis".
  795. "Invasive Species South Africa - Protecting Biodiversity from Invasion - Silver carp | Hypophthalmichthys molitrix".
  796. "Invasive Species South Africa - Protecting Biodiversity from Invasion - Bluegill sunfish | Lepomis macrochirus".
  797. "Invasive Species South Africa - Protecting Biodiversity from Invasion - Smallmouth bass | Micropterus dolomieu".
  798. "Invasive Species South Africa - Protecting Biodiversity from Invasion - Florida bass | Micropterus floridanus".
  799. "Invasive Species South Africa - Protecting Biodiversity from Invasion - Spotted bass | Micropterus punctulatus".
  800. "Invasive Species South Africa - Protecting Biodiversity from Invasion - Largemouth bass | Micropterus salmoides".
  801. "Invasive Species South Africa - Protecting Biodiversity from Invasion - Nile tilapia | Oreochromis niloticus".
  802. "Invasive Species South Africa - Protecting Biodiversity from Invasion - Perch | Perca fluviatilis".
  803. "Invasive Species South Africa - Protecting Biodiversity from Invasion - Vermiculated sailfin catfish | Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus".
  805. "Invasive Species South Africa - Protecting Biodiversity from Invasion - Tench | Tinca tinca".
  806. "Invasive Species South Africa - Protecting Biodiversity from Invasion - Asian tiger mosquito | Aedes albopictus".
  807. "Aleurothrixus floccosus (Woolly whitefly)".
  808. "Invasive Species South Africa - Protecting Biodiversity from Invasion - Crazy ant | Anoplolepis gracilipes".
  809. "Aulacaspis yasumatsui (cycad aulacaspis scale)". www.cabi.org.
  810. "Bactrocera dorsalis (Oriental fruit fly)". www.cabi.org.
  811. "Bactrocera zonata (Peach fruit fly)".
  812. "Ceratitis rosa (Natal fruit fly)". www.cabi.org.
  813. "Chionaspis pinifoliae (Pine leaf scale)".
  814. "Invasive Species South Africa - Protecting Biodiversity from Invasion - Cypress aphid | Cinara cupressi".
  815. "Invasive Species South Africa - Protecting Biodiversity from Invasion - Banana root borer | Cosmopolites sordidus".
  816. "Eulachnus rileyi (Pine needle aphid)".
  817. "Invasive Species South Africa - Protecting Biodiversity from Invasion - Harlequin lady beetle | Harmonia axyridis".
  818. "Liriomyza trifolii (American serpentine leafminer)". www.cabi.org.
  819. "Orthotomicus erosus (Mediterranean pine beetle)". www.cabi.org.
  820. "Polistes dominula (European paper wasp)". www.cabi.org.
  821. "Invasive Species South Africa - Protecting Biodiversity from Invasion - Citrophilus mealybug | Pseudococcus calceolariae".
  822. "Trialeurodes ricini (Castor bean whitefly)".
  823. "Monomorium destructor (Singapore ant)".
  824. "Xyleborus perforans (island pinhole borer)". www.cabi.org.
  825. "Xylosandrus compactus (shot-hole borer)". www.cabi.org.
  826. "Invasive Species South Africa - Protecting Biodiversity from Invasion - Marbled tadpole snail | Aplexa marmorata".
  827. Herbert, David G (2010). The introduced terrestrial Mollusca of South Africa (PDF). Pretoria: South African National Biodiversity Institute. ISBN 978-1-919976-56-3.
  828. South Africa: Molluscs., Global Invasive Species Database. ISSG.
  830. "Invasive Species South Africa - Protecting Biodiversity from Invasion - Pacific mussel | Semimytilus algosus".
  831. "Invasive Species South Africa - Protecting Biodiversity from Invasion - Quilted malania | Tarebia granifera".
  832. "Invasive Species South Africa - Protecting Biodiversity from Invasion - Shell worm | Boccardia proboscidea".
  833. Ciona intestinalis (tunicate)., Global Invasive Species Database. ISSG.
  834. "Herpestes auropunctatus (small Indian mongoose)". www.cabi.org.
  835. "Mustela furo (ferret)". www.cabi.org.
  836. "Sciurus carolinensis (grey squirrel)". www.cabi.org.
  837. "Jungle Myna (Acridotheres fuscus)".
  838. "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  840. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2017-03-04. Retrieved 2017-10-03.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  841. "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  843. "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  844. "New Caledonian Crow (Corvus moneduloides)".
  845. "Yellow Canary (Crithagra flaviventris)".
  846. "Black Drongo (Dicrurus macrocercus)".
  847. "Common Diuca-finch (Diuca diuca)".
  848. "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  849. "Common Moorhen (Gallinula chloropus)". www.hbw.com.
  850. "Australian Magpie (Gymnorhina tibicen)". www.hbw.com.
  851. "Chestnut-breasted Mannikin (Lonchura castaneothorax)". www.hbw.com.
  852. "Red-browed Finch (Neochmia temporalis)". www.hbw.com.
  853. "Madagascar Turtle-dove (Nesoenas picturatus)". www.hbw.com.
  854. International), BirdLife International (BirdLife (October 1, 2016). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: House Sparrow". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  855. "Chimango Caracara (Phalcoboenus chimango)". www.hbw.com.
  856. International), BirdLife International (BirdLife (October 1, 2016). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Common Pheasant". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  857. "Red-necked Francolin (Pternistis afer)". www.hbw.com.
  858. "Rimatara Lorikeet (Vini kuhlii)". www.hbw.com.
  859. "Silvereye (Zosterops lateralis)". www.hbw.com.
  860. "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Teira dugesii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. December 14, 2008.
  861. "Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog)". www.cabi.org.
  862. "Bactrocera cucurbitae (melon fly)". www.cabi.org.
  863. "Blattella germanica (German cockroach)".
  864. "Euwallacea destruens". www.cabi.org.
  865. "Euwallacea piceus". www.cabi.org.
  866. "Homalodisca vitripennis (glassy winged sharpshooter)". www.cabi.org.
  867. "Kallitaxila crini (green tropiduchid)". www.cabi.org.
  868. "Omorgus suberosus (hide beetle)". www.cabi.org.
  869. "Solenopsis geminata (tropical fire ant)". www.cabi.org.
  870. "Tapinoma minutum (dwarf pedicel ant)". www.cabi.org.
  871. "Gonaxis kibweziensis". www.cabi.org.
  872. "Mytilopsis sallei (Caribbean false mussel)". www.cabi.org.
  873. "Oxychilus alliarius (garlic snail)". www.cabi.org.
  874. "Perna viridis (Asian green mussel)". www.cabi.org.
  875. "Veronicella cubensis (Cuban slug)". www.cabi.org.
  • DAISIE (eds.). 2009. Handbook of Alien Species in Europe. Springer, Dordrecht. 399 p. ISBN 978-1-4020-8279-5
  • Macdonald, D. and P. Barrett (1993) Collins Field Guide: Mammals of Britain & Europe. HarperCollins, London.
  • Svensson, L., P.J. Grant, K. Mullarney and D. Zetterström (1999) Collins Bird Guide. HarperCollins, London. (ISBN 0-00-219728-6)
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