List of extinction events

This is a list of extinction events, both mass and minor:[1]

  Major extinction events (see graphic)
CambrianOrdovicianSilurianDevonianCarboniferousPermianTriassicJurassicCretaceousPaleogeneNeogene
Marine extinction intensity during the Phanerozoic
%
Millions of years ago
Cap
CambrianOrdovicianSilurianDevonianCarboniferousPermianTriassicJurassicCretaceousPaleogeneNeogene
The blue graph shows the apparent percentage (not the absolute number) of marine animal genera becoming extinct during any given time interval. It does not represent all marine species, just those that are readily fossilized. The labels of the traditional "Big Five" extinction events and the more recently recognised End-Capitanian extinction event are clickable hyperlinks; see Extinction event for more details. (source and image info)
Period or supereon Extinction Date Probable causes[2]
QuaternaryHolocene extinctionc. 10,000 BCE – OngoingHumans[3]
Quaternary extinction event640,000, 74,000, and
13,000 years ago		Unknown; may include climate changes, massive volcanic eruptions and human overhunting[4][5]
NeogenePliocene–Pleistocene boundary extinction2 MaSupernova?[6][7] Eltanin impact?[8][9]
Middle Miocene disruption14.5 Ma Climate change due to change of ocean circulation patterns and perhaps related to the Milankovitch cycles?[10]
PaleogeneEocene–Oligocene extinction event33.9 MaPopigai impactor?[11]
Cretaceous Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event 66 Ma Chicxulub impactor;[12] Deccan Traps?[13]
Cenomanian-Turonian boundary event94 MaCaribbean large igneous province[14]
Aptian extinction117 MaRajmahal Traps?[15]
Jurassic End-Jurassic (Tithonian) extinction145 MaImpactor and/or Volcanism?[16]
Toarcian turnover183 MaKaroo-Ferrar Provinces[17]
Triassic Triassic–Jurassic extinction event 201 Ma Central Atlantic magmatic province;[18] impactor?[19]
Carnian Pluvial Event230 MaWrangellia flood basalts[20]
Permian Permian–Triassic extinction event 252 Ma Siberian Traps;[21] Wilkes Land Crater;[22] Anoxic event[23]; Ice age[24]
End-Capitanian extinction event260 MaEmeishan Traps?[25]
Olson's Extinction 270 Ma
CarboniferousCarboniferous rainforest collapse305 MaSkagerrak-Centered Large Igneous Province?[26]
Devonian Late Devonian extinction 375–360 Ma Viluy Traps;[27] Woodleigh Impactor?[2]
Silurian Lau event420 MaChanges in sea level and chemistry?[28]
Mulde event424 MaGlobal drop in sea level?[29]
Ireviken event428 MaDeep-ocean anoxia;[30] Milankovitch cycles?[31]
Ordovician Ordovician–Silurian extinction events 450–440 Ma Global cooling and sea level drop, possibly caused by a Gamma-ray burst[32]
Cambrian Cambrian–Ordovician extinction event488 MaKalkarindji Large Igneous Province?[33]
Dresbachian extinction event502 Ma
End-Botomian extinction event517 Ma
Precambrian End-Ediacaran extinction542 MaAnoxic event[34]
Great Oxygenation Event2400 MaRising oxygen levels in the atmosphere due to the development of photosynthesis

Timeline


References
  1. Partial list from Image:Extinction Intensity.png
  2. Bond, David P. G.; Grasby, Stephen E. (2017-07-15). "On the causes of mass extinctions". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. Mass Extinction Causality: Records of Anoxia, Acidification, and Global Warming during Earth's Greatest Crises. 478: 3–29. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.11.005. ISSN 0031-0182.
  3. Ripple WJ, Wolf C, Newsome TM, Galetti M, Alamgir M, Crist E, Mahmoud MI, Laurance WF (13 November 2017). "World Scientists' Warning to Humanity: A Second Notice". BioScience. 67 (12): 1026–1028. doi:10.1093/biosci/bix125. Moreover, we have unleashed a mass extinction event, the sixth in roughly 540 million years, wherein many current life forms could be annihilated or at least committed to extinction by the end of this century.
  4. Sandom, Christopher; Faurby, Søren; Sandel, Brody; Svenning, Jens-Christian (4 June 2014). "Global late Quaternary megafauna extinctions linked to humans, not climate change". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 281 (1787): 20133254. doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.3254. PMC 4071532. PMID 24898370.
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  17. József Pálfy; Paul L. Smith (2000). "Synchrony between Early Jurassic extinction, oceanic anoxic event, and the Karoo-Ferrar flood basalt volcanism". Geology. 28 (8): 747–750. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<747:SBEJEO>2.0.CO;2.
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  24. Ice age, not warming, explains Permian-Triassic extinction event - UPI.com
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  34. Extensive marine anoxia during the terminal Ediacaran Period - Science Advances
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