Heze

Heze, formerly known as Caozhou, is a prefecture-level city in southwestern Shandong province, China. It is home to 8,287,693 inhabitants, of whom 1,346,717 live in the built-up area around the seat of government in Mudan District.[1] The westernmost prefecture-level city in Shandong, it borders Jining to the east and the provinces of Henan and Anhui to the west and south respectively.

For other uses, see Heze (disambiguation).
Heze

菏泽市

Hotseh
Prefecture-level city
Location of Heze City jurisdiction in Shandong
Coordinates (Heze municipal government): 35°14′03″N 115°28′47″E
CountryPeople's Republic of China
ProvinceShandong
County-level divisions9
Township-level divisions158
Municipal seatMudan District
Government
 • MayorSun Aijun (孙爱军)
Area
 • Prefecture-level city12,239 km2 (4,726 sq mi)
 • Urban
1,416 km2 (547 sq mi)
 • Metro
1,416 km2 (547 sq mi)
Population
 (2010 census)
 • Prefecture-level city8,287,693
 • Density680/km2 (1,800/sq mi)
 • Urban
1,346,717
 • Urban density950/km2 (2,500/sq mi)
 • Metro
1,346,717
 • Metro density950/km2 (2,500/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code
274000
Area code(s)0530
ISO 3166 codeCN-SD-17
Licence plate prefixes鲁R
Heze
Traditional Chinese菏澤
Simplified Chinese菏泽
Former names
Caozhou
Chinese曹州
PostalTsaochow

Name

In Chinese, the name of the city is sometimes miswritten as "荷澤", owing to the similarity of the characters.

History

Caozhou was at the center of the Nian Rebellion during the 1850s and 60s.

In August 1949, Heze was detached from Shandong and given to the experimental province of Pingyuan. It returned to Shandong just over three years later.

In April 1953, Heze and Jining gained counties from the former prefecture of Huxi after its abolishment.

Geography

Heze has a monsoon-influenced climate that lies between the humid subtropical and humid continental zones (Köppen Cwa/Dwa), with four well-defined seasons. The city is warm and nearly rainless in spring, hot and humid in summer, crisp in autumn and cold and dry in winter. The mean annual temperature is 14.22 °C (57.6 °F), with the monthly 24-hour average temperature ranging from −0.5 °C (31.1 °F) in January to 27.1 °C (80.8 °F) in July. Nearly 70% of the annual precipitation occurs from June to September. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 48% in July to 60% in May, the city receives 2,411 hours of bright sunshine annually.

Climate data for Heze (1981–2010 normals)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 18.2
(64.8)		 23.2
(73.8)		 28.5
(83.3)		 33.7
(92.7)		 38.1
(100.6)		 42.0
(107.6)		 41.8
(107.2)		 38.4
(101.1)		 36.0
(96.8)		 32.7
(90.9)		 26.8
(80.2)		 20.6
(69.1)		 42.0
(107.6)
Average high °C (°F) 4.7
(40.5)		 8.3
(46.9)		 14.2
(57.6)		 21.4
(70.5)		 26.6
(79.9)		 31.4
(88.5)		 31.7
(89.1)		 30.4
(86.7)		 26.7
(80.1)		 21.5
(70.7)		 13.5
(56.3)		 6.6
(43.9)		 19.7
(67.6)
Daily mean °C (°F) −0.5
(31.1)		 2.9
(37.2)		 8.4
(47.1)		 15.3
(59.5)		 20.7
(69.3)		 25.6
(78.1)		 27.1
(80.8)		 25.8
(78.4)		 21.1
(70.0)		 15.2
(59.4)		 7.6
(45.7)		 1.4
(34.5)		 14.2
(57.6)
Average low °C (°F) −4.2
(24.4)		 −1.3
(29.7)		 3.6
(38.5)		 10.1
(50.2)		 15.3
(59.5)		 20.3
(68.5)		 23.3
(73.9)		 22.2
(72.0)		 16.9
(62.4)		 10.6
(51.1)		 3.2
(37.8)		 −2.3
(27.9)		 9.8
(49.7)
Record low °C (°F) −20.4
(−4.7)		 −15.6
(3.9)		 −11.3
(11.7)		 −4.4
(24.1)		 3.8
(38.8)		 10.2
(50.4)		 15.4
(59.7)		 12.1
(53.8)		 4.8
(40.6)		 −1.3
(29.7)		 −12.9
(8.8)		 −17.5
(0.5)		 −20.4
(−4.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 6.8
(0.27)		 10.1
(0.40)		 21.3
(0.84)		 27.3
(1.07)		 56.4
(2.22)		 63.8
(2.51)		 159.1
(6.26)		 143.9
(5.67)		 71.0
(2.80)		 33.9
(1.33)		 19.4
(0.76)		 8.4
(0.33)		 621.4
(24.46)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 2.6 3.7 5.3 5.7 6.6 8.0 11.8 9.0 7.2 6.0 4.3 3.6 73.8
Average relative humidity (%) 67 63 62 64 69 67 81 84 79 73 71 69 71
Mean monthly sunshine hours 159.0 151.2 191.9 226.8 257.7 252.1 213.3 217.5 204.4 206.6 173.7 156.8 2,411
Percent possible sunshine 51 49 52 58 60 58 48 53 55 59 56 52 54
Source: China Meteorological Administration (precipitation days and sunshine 1971–2000)[2][3]

Administration

The prefecture-level city of Heze administers nine county-level divisions. The municipal executive, legislature and judiciary are in Mudan District (牡丹区), together with CPC and Public Security bureaux.

There are two districts and seven counties:

These are further divided into 158 township-level divisions.

Map

Demographics

According to the 2010 population census, there were 8,287,693 people living in this area.

Transportation

Economy

Heze is the largest center in China for the cultivation of the "national flower" peony, after which the Mudan District was named. Over 30% of its GDP comes from the sale of peony.

Sister Cities

Mobile, Alabama [4]

References
  1. "China: Shāndōng (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
  2. 中国气象数据网 - WeatherBk Data (in Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 2020-04-15.
  3. 中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集（1971－2000年）. China Meteorological Administration. Archived from the original on 2013-09-21. Retrieved 2010-05-25.
  4. https://asiamattersforamerica.org/asia/data/sister-partnerships
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