George Washington (Greenough)

George Washington, also known as Enthroned Washington, is a large marble sculpture by Horatio Greenough commissioned for the centennial of U.S President George Washington's birth in February 22, 1732. Completed in 1840, the statue was soon exhibited in the Rotunda of the United States Capitol and then moved to the Capitol's east lawn in 1843.[2]

For other uses, see George Washington (disambiguation).
George Washington
ArtistHoratio Greenough
Year1840 (1840)
TypeCarrara marble
Dimensions3.5 m × 2.6 m (136 in × 102 in × 82 1/2[1] in)
LocationNational Museum of American History, Washington, D.C., United States
Coordinates
OwnerSmithsonian Institution

Horatio Greenough based Enthroned Washington on Phidias' great statue of Zeus Olympios which was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, and which was destroyed in late Antiquity.[3]

Description

The seated and sandal wearing Washington gazes sternly ahead. He is bare-chested and his right arm and hand gesture with upraised index finger toward Heaven. His left palm and forearm cradle a sheathed sword, hilt forward, symbolizing Washington turning over power to the people at the conclusion of the American Revolutionary War. The representation of Washington in Roman clothing is indicative of the Neoclassicism period of art.

The rear base of the statue features a Latin inscription, which reads:

SIMULACRUM ISTUD

AD MAGNUM LIBERTATIS EXEMPLUM
NEC SINE IPSA DURATURUM
HORATIUS GREENOUGH

FACIEBAT[2]

and translates as: "Horatio Greenough made this image as a great example of freedom, which will not survive without freedom itself."

History
George Washington (Photo, ca. 1899)

In 1832, the U.S. Congress commissioned Greenough to create a statue of Washington for display in the U.S. Capitol rotunda.[4] When the marble statue arrived in Washington, DC in 1841, however, it immediately generated controversy and criticism. Many found the sight of a half-naked Washington offensive, even comical. The statue was relocated to the east lawn of the Capitol in 1843. Disapproval continued and some joked that Washington was desperately reaching for his clothes,[5] then on exhibit at the Patent Office several blocks to the north. In 1908, the statue was brought back indoors when Congress transferred it to the Smithsonian Castle, where it remained until 1964. It was then moved to the new Museum of History and Technology (now the National Museum of American History). The marble statue has been exhibited on the second floor of the museum since that time.

The demigod-like pose of Washington is portrayed in Dan Brown's best-selling novel The Lost Symbol (2009), in which the author describes a hypothesis according to which Washington and the other founding fathers decorated the national capital full of Freemason and other occult symbols.

The statue appears near the beginning of the 2013 first person shooter, BioShock Infinite, set in an alternate 1912 where Washington, Benjamin Franklin, and Thomas Jefferson are worshiped by the inhabitants of the floating city of Columbia.

See also

References
  1. "George Washington by Horatio Greenough / American Art". si.edu.
  2. "George Washington, (sculpture)". Inventories of American Painting and Sculpture, Smithsonian American Art Museum. Retrieved August 2, 2011.
  3. Garry Wills (March 1984). "Washington's Citizen Virtue: Greenough and Houdon". Critical Inquiry. The University of Chicago Press. 10 (3): 420–441. doi:10.1086/448256. JSTOR 1343301.
  4. "George Washington by Horatio Greenough, 1840". National Museum of American History.
  5. "Smithsonian Press-Legacies-2Shrine to the Famous-George Washington, sculpture by Horatio Greenough, 1840". Smithsonianlegacies.si.edu. Retrieved 2013-09-16.
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