Disulfuric acid

Disulfuric acid (alternative spelling disulphuric acid) or pyrosulfuric acid (alternative spelling pyrosulphuric acid), also named oleum, is an oxyacid of sulfur.[2] It is a major constituent of fuming sulfuric acid, oleum, and this is how most chemists encounter it. It is also a minor constituent of liquid anhydrous sulfuric acid due to the equilibria:

H2SO4 ⇌ H2O + SO3
SO3 + H2SO4 ⇌ H2S2O7
Disulfuric acid
Names
IUPAC name
Disulfuric acid [1]
Other names
Pyrosulfuric acid, Oleum
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.029.069
EC Number
  • 231-976-8
MeSH Pyrosulfuric+acid
UNII
Properties
H2O7S2
Molar mass 178.13 g·mol−1
Melting point 36 °C (97 °F; 309 K)
Conjugate base Disulfate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

The acid is prepared by reacting excess sulfur trioxide (SO3) with sulfuric acid:

H2SO4 + SO3 → H2S2O7

Disulfuric acid can be seen as the sulfuric acid analog of an acid anhydride. The mutual electron-withdrawing effects of each sulfuric acid unit on its neighbour causes a marked increase in acidity. Disulfuric acid is strong enough to protonate "normal" sulfuric acid in the (anhydrous) sulfuric acid solvent system. There are salts of disulfuric acid, commonly called pyrosulfates, e.g. potassium pyrosulfate.

There are other related acids with the general formula H2O·(SO3)x though none are isolable.

See also

References
  1. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (2005). Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 2005). Cambridge (UK): RSC–IUPAC. ISBN 0-85404-438-8. p. 130. Electronic version.
  2. Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
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