Demographic history of Serbia

This article presents the demographic history of Serbia through census results. See Demographics of Serbia for a more detailed overview of the current demographics from 2011 census.

Censuses
Logo of the 2011 Census

Censuses in Serbia ordinarily takes place every 10 years, organized by the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. The last census was in 2011. The censuses were organized in 2011, 2002, 1991, 1981, 1971, 1961, 1953 and 1948, during Communist Yugoslavia. During the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, censuses were conducted in 1931 and 1921; the census in 1941 was never conducted due to the outbreak of WWII.

The independent Principality of Serbia, had conducted the first population census in 1834; the subsequent censuses were conducted in 1841, 1843, 1846, 1850, 1854, 1859, 1863 and 1866 and 1874. During the era Kingdom of Serbia, six censuses were conducted in 1884, 1890, 1895, 1900, 1905 and the last one being in 1910.

19th century

[1]

The censuses of 1846, 1850 and 1854 were partially published in Glasnik DSS. The Statistical Office was established in 1862. Since 1863, the Office published Državopis Srbije in twenty volumes, until 1894. Statistical data continued to be published in the new edition of Statistika Kraljevine Srbije, published since 1892. Little is known in historiography about the censuses through 1859.

1834 census
  • TOTAL = 678,192[2]

Serbia was divided into 15 counties with 61 districts called kapetanija ("captaincy", after 1834 called srez). Užice was not included due to unrest.

1841 census
  • TOTAL = 828,895

1843 census
  • TOTAL = 859,545

1846 census
  • TOTAL = 915,080

Extracts in Glasnik DSS.[3]

1850 census
  • TOTAL = 956,893

Extracts in Glasnik DSS.[4]

1854 census
  • TOTAL = 998,919

Extracts in Glasnik DSS.[5]

1859 census
  • TOTAL = 1,078,281

Published in 1863.[6]

1863 census
  • TOTAL = 1,108,668[7]

1866 census
  • TOTAL = 1,216,219[8]
  • Serbs = 1,058,189 (87.01%)
  • Romanians = 127,545 (10.49%)
  • Roma ("Gypsies") = 24,607 (2.02%)
  • Germans = 2,589 (0.21%)
  • other = 3,256 (0.27%)

This was the first census which recorded literacy, nationality (ethnicity) and citizenship.

1874 census
Total

1878 census
  • TOTAL = 1,669,337[9]

In 1879 there was a census in the four counties ceded to Serbia in 1878.

1884 census
Total

1890 census
Total

1895 census
  • TOTAL = 2,493,770[9]
  • Serbs = over 2 million (ca. 90%)
  • Romanians = 159,000 (6.43%)
  • Roma ("Gypsies") = 46,000 (1.84%)

20th century

1905 census
Total

1910 census
Total
2,922,258

1921 census

1948 census
  • Ethnic structure of Serbia by settlements 1948.
  • Ethnic structure of Serbia by municipalities 1948.
  • Share of Serbs in Serbia by municipalities 1948.

1953 census

1961 census
  • Ethnic structure of Serbia by settlements 1961.
  • Ethnic structure of Serbia by municipalities 1961.
  • Share of Serbs in Serbia by municipalities 1961.

1971 census
  • Ethnic structure of Serbia by settlements 1971.
  • Ethnic structure of Serbia by municipalities 1971.
  • Share of Serbs in Serbia by municipalities 1971.

1981 census
  • Ethnic structure of Serbia by municipalities 1981.
  • Ethnic structure of Serbia by municipalities 1981.
  • Share of Serbs in Serbia by municipalities 1981.

1991 census
  • TOTAL (official estimation) = 9,778,991 (registered 8,182,141)
  • Serbs = 6,446,595 (65.92%)
  • Albanians (official estimation) = 1,674,353 (17.12%), registered 87,372
  • Hungarians = 343,800 (3.52%)
  • Yugoslavs = 323,643 (3.31%)
  • Muslims by nationality (official estimation) = 246,411 (2.52%), registered 237,980
  • Roma (official estimation) = 140,237 (1.43%), registered 138,799
  • Montenegrins = 139,299 (1.42%)
  • Croats = 105,406 (1.08%)

Estimated population:

  • Ethnic structure of Serbia by settlements 1991.
  • Ethnic structure of Serbia by municipalities 1991.
  • Share of Serbs in Serbia by municipalities 1991.
  • Religious structure of Serbia by settlements 1991.
  • Share of Orthodox in Serbia by municipalities 1991.

Registered population:

  • Ethnic structure of Serbia by municipalities 1991.
  • Ethnic structure of Serbia by municipalities 1991.
  • Share of Serbs in Serbia by municipalities 1991.

1991 census
  • TOTAL = 7,822,795
  • Serbs = 6,252,405 (79.93%)
  • Hungarians = 343,800 (4.39%)
  • Yugoslavs = 320,186 (4.09%)
  • Muslims by nationality = 180,222 (2.3%)
  • Montenegrins = 118,934 (1.52%)
  • Croats = 97,344 (1.24%)
  • Roma = 94,491 (1.21%)
  • Albanians = 78,281 (1%)
  • Slovaks = 66,772 (0.85%)
  • Macedonians = 45,068 (0.58%)
  • Romanians = 42,316 (0.54%)
  • Bulgarians = 26,698 (0.34%)
  • Bunjevci = 21,434 (0.34%)
  • Ukrainians = 5,042 (0.23%)
  • Vlachs = 17,804 (0.23%)
  • others = 34,698 (0.44%)
  • regional affiliation = 4,841 (0.06%)
  • unknown = 47,949 (0.61%)
  • unspecified = 10,538 (0.13%)

21st century

2002 census
  • Ethnic structure of Serbia by settlements 2002.
  • Ethnic structure of Serbia by municipalities 2002.
  • Share of Serbs in Serbia by municipalities 2002.
  • Religious structure of Serbia by settlements 2002.
  • Share of Orthodox in Serbia by municipalities 2002.

2011 census
  • TOTAL = 7,186,862
  • Serbs = 5,988,150 (83.32%)
  • Hungarians = 253,899 (3.53%)
  • Roma = 147,604 (2.05%)
  • Bosniaks = 145,278 (2.02%)
  • Croats = 57,900 (0.81%)
  • Slovaks = 52,750 (0.73%)
  • Albanians = 5,809 (0.08%) (mostly boycotted the census, estimate c. 50,000 i.e. 0.7%)
  • Montenegrins = 38,527 (0.54%)
  • Vlachs = 35,330 (0.49%)
  • Romanians = 29,332 (0.41%)
  • Yugoslavs = 23,303 (0.32%)
  • Macedonians = 22,755 (0.32%)
  • Muslims = 22,301 (0.31%)
  • Bulgarians = 18,543 (0.26%)
  • Bunjevci = 16,706 (0.23%)
  • Rusyns = 14,246 (0.2%)
  • Gorani = 7,767 (0.11%)
  • Ukrainians = 4,903 (0.07%)
  • Germans = 4,064 (0.06%)
  • Slovenes = 4,033 (0.06%)
  • others = 17,558 (0.24%)
  • regional affiliation = 30,771 (0.43%)
  • unknown = 81,740 (1.14%)
  • unspecified = 160,346 (2.23%)
  • Ethnic structure of Serbia by settlements 2011.
  • Linguistic structure of Serbia by settlements 2011.
  • Ethnic structure of Serbia by municipalities 2011.
  • Linguistic structure of Serbia by municipalities 2011.
  • Religious structure of Serbia by municipalities 2011.
  • Share of Serbs in Serbia by municipalities 2011.
  • Share of Serbian speakers in Serbia by municipalities 2011.
  • Share of Orthodox in Serbia by municipalities 2011.

Vital statistics

1880–1887
Average population (x 1,000) Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1,000) Crude death rate (per 1,000) Natural change (per 1,000)
1880 1,738 70,167 54,243 15,924 40.4 31.2 9.2
1881 1,775 80,678 43,645 37,033 45.4 24.6 20.8
1882 1,814 80,274 41,648 38,626 44.3 23.0 21.3
1883 1,859 87,161 42,263 44,898 46.7 22.7 24.0
1884 1,902 90,441 47,552 42,889 47.6 25.0 22.6
1885 1,940 90,627 52,318 38,309 46.7 27.0 19.7
1886 1,965 83,091 58,525 24,566 42.3 29.7 12.6
1887 2,008 93,911 50,481 43,430 46.8 25.1 21.7

1900–1912
Average population (x 1,000) Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1,000) Crude death rate (per 1,000) Natural change (per 1,000)
1900 2,470 105,000 58,000 47,000 42.4 23.5 18.9
1901 2,520 96,000 53,000 43,000 38.0 21.0 17.0
1902 2,570 98,000 57,000 41,000 38.0 22.3 15.7
1903 2,580 106,000 60,000 46,000 40.9 23.5 17.4
1904 2,650 106,000 56,000 50,000 39.8 21.1 18.7
1905 2,660 100,000 65,000 35,000 37.3 24.8 12.5
1906 2,690 113,000 66,000 47,000 42.0 24.5 17.5
1907 2,770 111,000 62,000 49,000 40.0 22.4 17.6
1908 2,820 104,000 67,000 37,000 36.8 23.7 13.1
1909 2,840 110,000 83,000 27,000 38.7 29.3 9.4
1910 2,870 112,000 64,000 48,000 39.0 22.4 16.6
1911 2,940 107,000 64,000 43,000 36.3 21.8 14.5
1912 2,980 114,000 63,000 51,000 38.3 21.1 17.1

1950–2019

Data for Serbia excluding Kosovo.

Average population Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1000) Crude death rate (per 1000) Natural change (per 1000) Total fertility rate Female fertile population (15–49 years)
1950 5,969,977 163,297 76,851 86,446 27.4 12.9 14.5 3.11 1,667,489
1951 6,045,982 145,197 80,034 65,163 24.0 13.2 10.8 2.70 1,679,515
1952 6,106,976 161,306 67,870 93,436 26.4 11.1 15.3 2.94 1,691,530
1953 6,186,015 151,672 68,168 83,504 24.5 11.0 13.5 2.69 1,703,548
1954 6,271,014 152,569 62,610 89,959 24.3 10.0 14.3 2.66 1,714,614
1955 6,369,436 140,396 65,179 75,217 22.0 10.2 11.8 2.42 1,725,685
1956 6,422,999 132,078 67,105 64,973 20.6 10.4 10.1 2.26 1,736,751
1957 6,481,984 118,535 61,885 56,650 18.3 9.5 8.7 2.03 1,739,485
1958 6,535,020 118,425 55,564 62,861 18.1 8.5 9.6 2.05 1,742,115
1959 6,587,014 114,872 60,850 54,022 17.4 9.2 8.2 2.02 1,739,287
1960 6,638,992 119,298 61,872 57,426 18.0 9.3 8.6 2.12 1,733,296
1961 6,689,077 115,222 57,990 57,232 17.2 8.7 8.6 2.08 1,727,303
1962 6,740,264 110,008 62,830 47,178 16.3 9.3 7.0 2.03 1,735,235
1963 6,787,950 108,324 57,778 50,546 16.0 8.5 7.4 2.02 1,750,899
1964 6,832,855 103,847 62,100 41,747 15.2 9.1 6.1 1.96 1,769,796
1965 6,876,624 106,699 58,856 47,843 15.5 8.6 7.0 2.02 1,807,362
1966 6,927,969 103,775 55,471 48,304 15.0 8.0 7.0 1.98 1,843,693
1967 6,966,522 103,491 62,915 40,576 14.9 9.0 5.8 1.96 1,887,344
1968 7,007,586 103,621 60,932 42,689 14.8 8.7 6.1 1.95 1,945,878
1969 7,123,249 105,478 68,152 37,326 14.8 9.6 5.2 1.93 1,972,004
1970 7,164,993 102,453 67,211 35,242 14.3 9.4 4.9 1.81 2,012,702
1971 7,211,716 104,070 65,872 38,198 14.4 9.1 5.3 1.83 2,020,324
1972 7,267,030 106,859 70,822 36,037 14.7 9.7 5.0 1.83 2,019,717
1973 7,322,344 108,361 67,152 41,209 14.8 9.2 5.6 1.84 2,036,056
1974 7,377,659 110,458 66,457 44,001 15.0 9.0 6.0 1.86 2,020,513
1975 7,432,973 112,945 69,590 43,355 15.2 9.4 5.8 1.88 2,010,021
1976 7,488,287 114,035 68,565 45,470 15.2 9.2 6.1 1.89 2,002,713
1977 7,543,601 111,510 68,924 42,586 14.8 9.1 5.6 1.86 1,994,191
1978 7,598,916 110,622 71,986 38,636 14.6 9.5 5.1 1.86 1,974,022
1979 7,654,230 109,953 72,306 37,647 14.4 9.4 4.9 1.87 1,986,006
1980 7,709,544 109,597 76,180 33,417 14.2 9.9 4.3 1.86 1,997,988
1981 7,736,787 103,407 78,086 25,321 13.4 10.1 3.3 1.76 1,977,061
1982 7,763,335 106,575 78,473 28,102 13.7 10.1 3.6 1.84 1,947,609
1983 7,788,100 108,003 83,506 24,497 13.9 10.7 3.1 1.89 1,914,434
1984 7,813,549 107,036 82,742 24,294 13.7 10.6 3.1 1.90 1,921,422
1985 7,835,902 101,938 81,836 20,102 13.0 10.4 2.6 1.84 1,920,627
1986 7,853,824 99,419 83,977 15,442 12.7 10.7 2.0 1.82 1,911,361
1987 7,868,027 98,279 83,426 14,853 12.5 10.6 1.9 1.82 1,919,612
1988 7,884,218 97,471 83,616 13,855 12.4 10.6 1.8 1.82 1,899,146
1989 7,893,787 91,270 85,256 6,014 11.6 10.8 0.8 1.72 1,895,541
1990 7,897,937 90,467 85,515 4,952 11.5 10.8 0.6 1.72 1,899,883
1991 7,824,589 90,378 89,072 1,306 11.6 11.4 0.2 1.82 1,813,520
1992 7,787,897 86,877 93,475 -6,598 11.2 12.0 -0.8 1.76 1,821,688
1993 7,751,205 87,931 95,121 -7,190 11.3 12.3 -0.9 1.78 1,833,456
1994 7,714,513 85,292 93,011 -7,719 11.1 12.1 -1.0 1.72 1,846,610
1995 7,677,821 86,236 93,933 -7,697 11.2 12.2 -1.0 1.74 1,860,970
1996 7,641,129 82,548 98,370 -15,822 10.8 12.9 -2.1 1.66 1,868,882
1997 7,604,437 79,716 98,068 -18,352 10.5 12.9 -2.4 1.61 1,864,628
1998 7,567,745 76,330 99,376 -23,046 10.1 13.1 -3.0 1.54 1,855,228
1999 7,540,401 72,222 101,444 -29,222 9.6 13.5 -3.9 1.46 1,844,875
2000 7,516,346 73,764 104,042 -30,278 9.8 13.8 -4.0 1.48 1,831,994
2001 7,503,433 78,435 99,008 -20,573 10.5 13.2 -2.7 1.58 1,821,493
2002 7,500,031 78,101 102,785 -24,684 10.4 13.7 -3.3 1.57 1,810,526
2003 7,480,591 79,025 103,946 -24,921 10.6 13.9 -3.3 1.59 1,789,668
2004[16] 7,463,157 78,186 104,320 -26,134 10.5 14.0 -3.5 1.57 1,770,053
2005 7,440,769 72,180 106,771 -34,591 9.7 14.3 -4.6 1.45 1,750,845
2006 7,411,569 70,997 102,884 -31,887 9.6 13.9 -4.3 1.43 1,733,316
2007 7,381,579 68,102 102,805 -34,703 9.2 13.9 -4.7 1.38 1,718,428
2008 7,350,222 69,083 102,711 -33,628 9.4 14.0 -4.6 1.41 1,704,735
2009 7,320,807 70,299 104,000 -33,701 9.6 14.2 -4.6 1.44 1,691,363
2010[17] 7,291,436 68,304 103,211 -34,907 9.4 14.2 -4.8 1.41 1,677,562
2011 7,236,519 65,598 102,935 -37,337 9.1 14.2 -5.2 1.40 1,632,708
2012 7,201,497 67,257 102,400 -35,143 9.3 14.2 -4.9 1.45 1,615,898
2013 7,166,552 65,554 100,300 -34,746 9.1 14.0 -4.8 1.43 1,599,129
2014 7,131,787 66,461 101,247 -34,786 9.3 14.2 -4.9 1.47 1,582,643
2015 7,095,383 65,657 103,678 -38,021 9.3 14.6 -5.4 1.46 1,566,064
2016 7,058,322 64,734 100,834 -36,100 9.2 14.3 -5.1 1.46 1,550,651
2017 7,020,858 64,894 103,722 -38,828 9.2 14.8 -5.5 1.48 1,537,044
2018 [18] 6,982,604 63,975 101,655 -37,680 9.2 14.6 -5.4 1.48 1,523,675
2019(p)[19] 63,723 102,131 -38,408
Average population Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1000) Crude death rate (per 1000) Natural change (per 1000) Total fertility rate Female fertile population (15–49 years)
Total 1950-2018 6,760,974 5,681,634 1,079,340 934.3 785.1 149.1
Average 1950-2018 7,236,775 97,985 82,343 15,643 13.5 11.4 2.2 1.86 1,813,209

See also

References
  1. Censuses in 19th century Serbia: inventory of preserved microdata (PDF), Rostock: Max-Planck, 2012
  2. Лепосава Цвијетић: Попис становништва и имовине у Србији 1834. године, Београд 1984. године
  3. Jovan Gavrilović, “Prilog za geografiju i statistiku Srbije. Glavni izvod popisa Srbije u godini 1846”, Glasnik DSS III (1851), pp.186–190.
  4. Jovan Gavrilović, “Prilog za geografiju i statistiku Srbije. Glavni izvod popisa Srbije u godini 1850”, Glasnik DSS IV (1852), pp. 227–248
  5. Jovan Gavrilović, “Glavni izvod popisa u Srbiji godine 1854/55”, Glasnik DSS IX (1857), pp. 224–226.
  6. „Izvestije podnešeno g. Ministru Finansije o čislu žitelja Srbije u godini 1859“, Državopis Srbije I (1863), pp.86–97.
  7. Halpern, J., 1972. Town and countryside in Serbia in the nineteenth-century, social and household structure as reflected in the census of 1863.
  8. "Serbien". Geographisches_Handbuch_zu_Andrees_Handatlas. 1882.
  9. "Serbien". Geographisches_Handbuch_zu_Andrees_Handatlas. 1902.
  10. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-09-04. Retrieved 2014-09-04.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  11. B.R. Mitchell. European historical statistics. 1750-1975.
  12. "Demographic indicators".
  13. "Demography statistics 1990,Yugoslavia" (PDF).
  14. "Publications of Serbia".
  15. "Eurostat database".
  16. "Demographic statistics 2004" (PDF).
  17. "Demographic Yearbook in the Republic of Serbia, 2010" (PDF).
  18. "Demographic Yearbook 2018" (PDF).
  19. "Monthly Statistical Bulletin, December 2019" (PDF).

Sources
  • Pavlović, Mirjana; Prelić, Mladena (2015). "The state, statistics, minorities and power: Ethnic "others" in the Duchy and Kingdom of Serbia as viewed through the lens of national census". Glasnik Etnografskog instituta SANU. 63 (1): 147–165. doi:10.2298/GEI1501147P (inactive 2020-05-31).
  • Barjaktarović, Mirko (1970). Zečević, Slobodan (ed.). "O etničkom opredeljenju". Гласник Етнографског музеја у Београду. Etnografski muzej u Beogradu. 33: 69–92. GGKEY:PXCNL8YTPDP.
  • Stojković, Dragana (1990). "UTICAJ MIGRACIJA NA NACIONALNU STRUKTURU STANOVNIŠTVA SRBIJE" (PDF). Etnološke Sveske. 11: 33–42.
  • Ђорђевић, Тихомир. "Насељавање Србије, за време прве владе кнеза Милоша Обреновића (1815-1839)." Гласник Српског географског друштва 5 (1921): 116-139.
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