Arab diaspora

Arab diaspora refers to descendants of the Arab immigrants who, voluntarily or as refugees, emigrated from their native lands to non-Arab countries, primarily in Central America, South America, Europe, North America, and parts of South Asia, Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, and West Africa.

Arab Diaspora
العرب المغتربون
Total population
According to the International Organization for Migration, there are 13 million Arab migrants, of whom 5.8 million reside in Arab countries.
Regions with significant populations
 BrazilEstimated 9–12 million with at least partial ancestry[1][2][lower-alpha 1]
 France3.3[4] to 5.5[5] million people of North African (Arab or Berber) descent[6]
 Indonesia
 Turkey5,000,000[12][13][14][15][16]
 Argentina4,500,000[17]
 United States3,700,000[18]
 Venezuela1,600,000[19]
 Colombia1,500,000[20]
 Iran1,500,000[21]
 Mexico1,500,000[22][23]
 Chad1,536,000 (est.)[24]
 Spain1,350,000[25][26]
 Germany1,155,390[27][28]
 Chile800,000[29][30][31][32]
 Canada750,925[33]
 Italy680,000[34]
 United KingdomEngland: 230,556 (2011 census)[35]
Wales: 9,989 (2011 census)[35]
Scotland: 9,366 (2011 census)[36]
 Australia500,000[37]
 Ecuador250,000 [38]
 Honduras275,000 [39][40]
 Belgium800,000 (600,000 from Morocco)
 El SalvadorMore than 120,000[41][42][43][44][45]
 Japanless than 100,000[46]
 Sweden425,000
 Denmark121,000
 Netherlands480,000–613,800[47]
Languages
Arabic (mother tongue), French, Italian, Spanish, English, Portuguese, Hebrew, Indonesian, Japanese, German, Turkish, Persian and other languages among others
Religion
Predominantly Christianity in the Americas, Islam in Europe and Asia, but also Druze and irreligion, among others
Related ethnic groups

Overview

Arab expatriates contribute to the circulation of financial and human capital in the region and thus significantly promote regional development. In 2009 Arab countries received a total of US$35.1 billion in remittance in-flows and remittances sent to Jordan, Egypt and Lebanon from other Arab countries are 40 to 190 per cent higher than trade revenues between these and other Arab countries.[48] Large numbers of Arabs migrated to West Africa, particularly Côte d'Ivoire,[49] Senegal,[50] Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Nigeria.[51] Since the end of the civil war in 2002, Lebanese traders have become re-established in Sierra Leone.

According to Saudi Aramco World, the largest concentration of Arabs outside the Arab World is in Brazil, which has 9 million Brazilians of Arab ancestry.[52] Of these 9 million Arabs, 6 million are of Lebanese ancestry,[53][54][55] making Brazil's population of Lebanese equivalent to that of Lebanon itself. About 3 million Brazilians of Arab descent are Syrians. Most others Brazilians of Arab descent are mainly from Palestine, Jordan, Egypt and Saudi Arabia.

Other large Arab communities include Argentina, Venezuela,[56] Colombia, Mexico and Chile. Palestinians cluster in Chile and Central America, particularly El Salvador, and Honduras.[57] The Palestinian community in Chile[58][59] is the fourth largest in the world after those in Israel, Lebanon, and Jordan. Arab Haitians (a large number of whom live in the capital) are more often than not, concentrated in financial areas where the majority of them establish businesses. In the United States, there are around 3.5 million people of Arab ancestry.[60]

It has been estimated that there are as many as four million Indonesians with at least partial Arab ancestry.[61] They are generally well-integrated socially with Indonesian society, and identify predominantly as Indonesians, with an Arab heritage.[62] In the 2005 census, approximately 87,000 people, amounting to 0.04% of the population, identified themselves as being of Arab ethnicity.[9] According to Al-Rabithah al-Alawiyyah, there are about 1.2 million Indonesians of paternal Sayyid descent.[10][11]

Notable people

Prominent members of the Arab diaspora include:

Business
  • Mohamed Al-Fayed (Egyptian origin), businessman, former owner of London's Harrods and the Ritz Palace in Paris
  • Mohed Altrad (Syrian origin), French billionaire businessman
  • André Apaid (Lebanese origin), high-profile Haitian businessman
  • Nadhmi Auchi (Iraqi origin), businessman, founder and Chairman of General Mediterranean Holdings
  • Miguel Facussé Barjum (Palestinian origin), Honduran businessman and landowner
  • Mohamed A. El-Erian (Egyptian origin), Egyptian-French-American businessman and asset manager; former CEO of PIMCO and current chief economic adviser at Allianz
  • Charles Elachi (Lebanese origin), Director of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)
  • Carlos Ghosn (Lebanese origin), Brazilian-French-Lebanese businessman, CEO of Renault-Nissan
  • Mohamed Hadid (Palestinian origin), Jordanian-American luxury real estate developer and businessman
  • Nicolas Hayek (Lebanese origin), Swiss-Lebanese American entrepreneur, co-founder, CEO and Chairman of the Board of the Swatch Group
  • Carlos Slim Helú (Lebanese origin), Mexican businessman; listed by Forbes as the richest man in the world
  • Antoine Izméry (Palestinian origin), Former wealthy Haitian businessman and pro-democracy activist
  • Steve Jobs (Syrian origin), American businessman and inventor; Apple Inc co-founder, chairman and CEO
  • George J. Maloof, Sr. (Lebanese origin), American businessman, owner of the Houston Rockets
  • Fredy Nasser (Palestinian origin), Honduran businessman
  • Awadh Saleh Sherman (Yemeni origin), Kenyan businessman

Fashion, beauty

Film, television

Literature / theatre

Media and intellectuals

Music
  • Adel Tawil (Egyptian / Tunisian origin), German singer, songwriter and producer
  • Ali B (Moroccan origin), Dutch rapper
  • Amir (Egyptian origin), Italian rapper
  • Bushido (Tunisian origin), German rapper
  • DJ Khaled (Palestinian origin), American DJ
  • Eric Saade (Palestinian Lebanese origin), Swedish singer
  • Fady Maalouf (Lebanese origin), German singer
  • Fredwreck (Palestinian origin), American record producer
  • Ghali (Tunisian origin), Italian rapper
  • Ibrahim Maalouf (Lebanese origin), French saxophonist
  • Indila (Algerian origin), French singer
  • Kareem Salama (Egyptian origin), American country singer
  • Karl Wolf (Lebanese origin), Canadian pop star
  • La Fouine (Moroccan origin), French rapper
  • L'Algérino (Algerian origin), French rapper
  • Lowkey (Iraqi origin), British rapper and political activist
  • Maher Zain (Lebanese origin), Swedish singer
  • Malika Ayane (Moroccan origin), Italian singer
  • Massari (Lebanese origin), Canadian singer
  • Nasri Tony Atweh (Palestinian origin), Canadian lead singer of Magic!
  • Natasja Saad (Sudanese origin), Danish rapper and reggae singer
  • Rami Yacoub (Palestinian origin), Swedish record producer
  • RedOne (Moroccan origin), Swedish record producer
  • Samy Deluxe (Sudanese origin), German rapper
  • Salem Al Fakir (Syrian origin), Swedish singer
  • Sarbel (Lebanese origin), Greek singer
  • Shakira (Lebanese origin), Colombian singer
  • Tarak Ben Ammar (Tunisian origin), international movie producer and distributor
  • Tunisiano (Tunisian origin), French rapper
  • Zaho (Algerian origin), Canadian singer

Politics

Sciences
  • Michael E. DeBakey (Lebanese origin), American cardiac surgeon
  • Zaha Hadid (Iraqi origin), British architect
  • Elias Zerhouni (Algerian origin), American National Institutes of Health Director

Sports

See also

References

Notes

  1. The Brazilian and Lebanese governments claim 7 million Lebanese, with 4 million Syrians. A 2008 study done by IGBE covering the states of Amazonas, Paraíba, São Paolo, Rio Grande de Sol, Mato Grosso, and Disitro Federal showed that 0.9% or 2 million white Brazilians claimed any Middle Eastern ancestry[3]

Citations

  1. Sarruf, Marina. "Brazil - Brasil - BRAZZIL - News from Brazil - Arabs: They are 12 Million in Brazil - Brazilian Immigration - September 2004". www.brazzil.com. Retrieved 28 April 2019.
  2. Luxner, Larry; Engle, Douglas (September–October 2005). "The Arabs of Brazil". Aramco World.
  3. http://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/visualizacao/livros/liv63405.pdf
  4. "France's crisis of national identity". The Independent. 25 November 2009. Retrieved 30 January 2019.
  5. "To count or not to count". The Economist. 26 March 2009. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 30 January 2019 – via The Economist.
  6. Bertet, Elsa (29 January 2008). "French-Arabs battle stereotypes". Variety. Archived from the original on 21 February 2010. Retrieved 22 August 2010.
  7. "The world's successful diasporas". World Business. 3 April 2007. Archived from the original on 1 April 2008. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  8. Shihab, Alwi (21 December 2003). "Hadramaut dan Para Kapiten Arab". Republika. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  9. Suryadinata, Leo (2008). Ethnic Chinese in Contemporary Indonesia. Singapore: Chinese Heritage Centre and Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. ISBN 978-981-230-835-1.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  10. "Mengenal Keturunan Nabi Muhammad SAW di Indonesia". Berita Berimbang Untuk Muslim Nusantara (in Indonesian). MusliModerat. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
  11. Subandoyo, Arbi. "Mereka yang Habib dan yang Bukan Habib". Tirto.Id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 23 April 2019.
  12. (UNHCR), United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. "UNHCR Syria Regional Refugee Response". UNHCR Syria Regional Refugee Response. Archived from the original on 5 March 2018. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
  13. Kaya, Ibrahim (2009). "The Iraqi Refugee Crisis and Turkey: a Legal Outlook". cadmus.eui.eu. Retrieved 25 April 2017.
  14. "The Impact of Syrian Refugees on Turkey". www.washingtoninstitute.org.
  15. "Turkey's demographic challenge". www.aljazeera.com.
  16. "UNHCR Syria Regional Refugee Response/ Turkey". UNHCR. 31 December 2015. Archived from the original on 5 March 2018. Retrieved 17 January 2016.
  17. "Inmigración sirio-libanesa en Argentina" (in Spanish). Fearab.org.ar. Archived from the original on 20 June 2010. Retrieved 13 April 2010.
  18. "Demographics". Arab American Institute. Archived from the original on 23 October 2016. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
  19. "Abdel el-Zabayar: From Parliament to the Frontlines". The Daily Beast.
  20. "Las mil y una historias" (in Spanish). semana.com. 2004.There is an estimated population of 1,500,000 Arabs in Colombia.
  21. "Iran". Archived from the original on 3 February 2012. Retrieved 3 August 2013.
  22. "Arabs Making Their Mark in Latin America: Generations of Immigrants in Colombia, Venezuela and Mexico | Al Jadid Magazine". www.aljadid.com.
  23. Ben Cahoon. "World Statesmen.org". World Statesmen.org. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
  24. "Chad". Retrieved 3 April 2019.
  25. "Los musulmanes en España superan los 1,8 millones". www.europapress.es (in Spanish). 30 March 2015. Retrieved 25 April 2017.
  26. Redaction (9 October 2012). "La cifra de musulmanes en España alcanza los 1,6 millones, de los que casi un tercio viven en Cataluña". www.alertadigital.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 25 April 2017.
  27. "Anzahl der Ausländer in Deutschland nach Herkunftsland in den Jahren 2015 und 2016". statista (in German).
  28. "Bevölkerung und Erwerbstätigkeit" (PDF). Statistisches Bundesamt (in German). 20 June 2017. Retrieved 11 March 2018.
  29. (in Spanish) En Chile viven unas 700.000 personas de origen árabe y de ellas 500.000 son descendientes de emigrantes palestinos que llegaron a comienzos del siglo pasado y que constituyen la comunidad de ese origen más grande fuera del mundo árabe. Archived 18 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  30. "Arabs In The Andes? Chile, The Unlikely Long-Term Home Of A Large Palestinian Community". International Business Times. 31 October 2013.
  31. "Chile: Palestinian refugees arrive to warm welcome". Adnkronos.com. 7 April 2003. Archived from the original on 19 September 2011. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
  32. "500,000 descendientes de primera y segunda generación de palestinos en Chile". Laventana.casa.cult.cu. Archived from the original on 22 July 2009. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
  33. "Canadian Arab Institute :: 750,925 Canadians Hail from Arab Lands". www.canadianarabinstitute.org. Archived from the original on 19 March 2017. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
  34. Dati ISTAT 2016, counting only immigrants from the Arab world. "Cittadini stranieri in Italia - 2016". tuttitalia.it.
  35. "Table CT0010EW 2011 Census: Ethnic group (write-in responses), local authorities in England and Wales". Office for National Statistics. 30 January 2013. Retrieved 8 March 2020.
  36. "Ethnic group (detailed): All people" (PDF). National Records of Scotland. Retrieved 8 March 2020.
  37. "australianarab.org/about-us". Archived from the original on 30 October 2016.
  38. "revistas.ucm.es/index.php/ANQE/article/viewFile/ANQE9797110057A/3864". Missing or empty |url= (help)
  39. "The Arabs of Honduras". Saudi Aramco World. Archived from the original on 9 October 2014. Retrieved 8 April 2014.
  40. "The Arabs of Honduras". Saudiaramcoworld.com. 27 June 1936. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
  41. https://newsvideo.su/video/10798241. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  42. http://theidentitychef.com/2009/09/06/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  43. Zielger, Matthew. "El Salvador: Central American Palestine of the West?". The Daily Star. Retrieved 27 May 2015.
  44. {{citeweb |url=https://latinx.com/discover/aj-plus-the-palestinians-of-el-salvador/ Archived 13 November 2019 at the Wayback Machine
  45. https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2004-03-21-0403210538-story,amp.html. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  46. "Muslim population in Japan increases with Islamic demands". DailySabah. Retrieved 26 August 2019.
  47. "Dutch media perceived as much more biased than Arabic media – Media & Citizenship Report conducted by University of Utrecht" (PDF), Utrecht University, 10 September 2010, archived from the original (PDF) on 28 February 2019, retrieved 29 November 2010
  48. "Intra-Regional Labour Mobility in the Arab World" (PDF). International Organization for Migration (IOM) Cairo. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 April 2011.
  49. "Ivory Coast - The Levantine Community". Countrystudies.us. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
  50. Lebanese Immigrants Boost West African Commerce, By Naomi Schwarz, voanews.com, 10 July 2007
  51. Lebanese man shot dead in Nigeria, BBC News
  52. "The Arabs of Brazil". Saudi Aramco World. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
  53. "Sleiman meets Brazilian counterpart, Lebanese community". The Daily Star. 23 April 2010.
  54. "O Líbano: Geografia" [Lebanon: Geography] (in Portuguese). Lebanese Embassy in Brazil. 1996. Archived from the original on 12 November 2010.
  55. "Estadão de Hoje". Estadao.com.br. Archived from the original on 1 January 2013. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
  56. Habeeb Salloum, "Arabs Making Their Mark in Latin America: Generations of Immigrants in Colombia, Venezuela and Mexico", Al Jadid, Vol. 6, no. 30 (Winter 2000).
  57. "The Arabs of Honduras". Saudiaramcoworld.com. 27 June 1936. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
  58. "Chile: Palestinian refugees arrive to warm welcome". Adnkronos.com. 7 April 2003. Archived from the original on 19 September 2011. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
  59. "500,000 descendientes de primera y segunda generación de palestinos en Chile". Laventana.casa.cult.cu. Archived from the original on 22 July 2009. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
  60. "The Arab American Institute". Aaiusa.org. Archived from the original on 3 April 2010. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
  61. The world's successful diasporas, World Business
  62. Jacobsen, Frode F. (8 January 2009). Hadrami Arabs in Present-day Indonesia: An Indonesia-oriented Group with an Arab Signature. Routledge. pp. 19–22. ISBN 9781134018529 – via Google Books.

Further reading
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