Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi

Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi (Arabic: أبو الْيُسر الْبَزْدَوي‎), was a prominent Central Asian Hanafi-Maturidi scholar and a qadi (judge) in Samarqand in the late eleventh century and author of the Kitab Usul al-Din [Book of the Principles (Fundamentals) of Religion].[1][2]

Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi
أبو الْيُسر الْبَزْدَوي
Personal
Born421 A.H. = 1030 A.D.
Died493 A.H. = 1100 A.D.
Bukhara
ReligionIslam
Nationality Uzbekistan
EraIslamic Golden Age
RegionMa Wara' al-Nahr (the land which lies beyond the river), Transoxiana (Central Asia)
DenominationSunni
JurisprudenceHanafi
CreedMaturidi
Main interest(s)Aqidah, Kalam (Islamic theology), Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence)
Notable work(s)Kitab Usul al-Din
Muslim leader

Name

Abu al-Yusr Muhammad b. Muhammad b. al-Hussein b. 'Abd al-Karim b. Musa b. Mujahid al-Nasafi al-Bazdawi.[3]

The attribution al-Bazdawi indicates that he or his family originated from Bazda or Bazdawa, a small town with a castle on the road between Nasaf and Bukhara.[4]

Birth

He was born around the year 421 A.H. (1030 A.D.) and received his earliest education in Maturidism disciplines from his father.[5] His grandfather, Fakhr al-Islam al-Bazdawi and his brother were leading Hanafi scholars and authored many books.[6]

Students

Some of his well known students are: Najm al-Din 'Umar al-Nasafi, 'Ala' al-Din al-Samarqandi, and 'Ala al-Din al-Kasani.[7][8]

Works

He was the author of several works on law, including a commentary on the major work of Abu Hanifa, after whom the Hanafi school is named, and a commentary on a work of Abu Hanifa's student Muhammad al-Shaybani, who was one of the founders of the Hanafi school.[9]

Al-Bazdawi wrote many valuable works, the most important of these which remain is Usul al-Din (edited with a biographical introduction by Hans-Peter Linss).[10]

Al-Bazdawi’s Kitab Usul al-Din, as it was described by Hans-Peter Linss, could be classified in:[11]

  1. Firstly, a short review of all literatures of the heretics on dogma and theology in Islam.
  2. Secondly, Hanafi-Sunni orthodoxy defense against the dissenting opinions and teachings of the heretical sects.
  3. Finally, a study on the heterodox factions in Islam, their subdivisions and their most important heads.

Death

After serving for a period of time as a magistrate in Samarqand, he eventually moved to Bukhara and died there in 493 A.H. (1100 A.D.).[12]

See also

References
  1. Journal for the History of Arabic Science, Volumes 7-8. Institute for the History of Arabic Science, University of Aleppo. 1983. p. 4.
  2. M. A. Muqtedar Khan (2006). Islamic Democratic Discourse: Theory, Debates, and Philosophical Perspectives. Lexington Books. p. 11. ISBN 9780739106457.
  3. "Siyar A'lam al-Nubala'". Islamweb.net.
  4. Journal for the History of Arabic Science, Volumes 7-8. Institute for the History of Arabic Science, University of Aleppo. 1983. p. 4.
  5. Wan Jamaluddin. "AL-PALIMBANI'S THOUGHT IN HIS SUFISTIC WORK" (PDF). Study on Manuscript in Saint Petersburg-Russia tittled: «A Gift for those, who Seeks The Real Faith». p. 174.
  6. "BAZDAWI ABU AL YUSR (421H/1030CE-493H/1100CE)". Islamic Encyclopedia.
  7. Talal Al-Azem (2016). Rule-Formulation and Binding Precedent in the Madhhab-Law Tradition. Brill Publishers. p. 70. ISBN 9789004323292.
  8. Sohaira Siddiqui (2019). Locating the Sharia: Legal Fluidity in Theory, History and Practice. Brill Publishers. p. 99. ISBN 9789004391710.
  9. Journal for the History of Arabic Science, Volumes 7-8. Institute for the History of Arabic Science, University of Aleppo. 1983. p. 4.
  10. The Pakistan Philosophical Journal, Volume 14. Pakistan Philosophical Congress. 1975. p. 18.
  11. Wan Jamaluddin. "AL-PALIMBANI'S THOUGHT IN HIS SUFISTIC WORK" (PDF). Study on Manuscript in Saint Petersburg-Russia tittled: «A Gift for those, who Seeks The Real Faith». p. 174.
  12. The Pakistan Philosophical Journal, Volume 14. Pakistan Philosophical Congress. 1975. p. 18.
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Hammad bin ibi Sulman taughtMuhammad al-Baqir (676–733) taughtFarwah bint al-Qasim Abu Bakr's great grand daughter Jafar's mother
Abu Hanifa (699–767) wrote Al Fiqh Al Akbar and Kitab Al-Athar, jurisprudence followed by Sunni, Sunni Sufi, Barelvi, Deobandi, Zaidiyyah Shia and originally by the Fatimid and taughtZayd ibn Ali (695–740)Ja'far bin Muhammad Al-Baqir (702–765) Ali's and Abu Bakr's great great grand son taughtMalik ibn Anas (711–795) wrote Muwatta, jurisprudence from early Medina period now mostly followed by Sunni in Africa and taughtAl-Waqidi (748–822) wrote history books like Kitab al-Tarikh wa al-Maghazi, student of Malik ibn AnasAbu Muhammad Abdullah ibn Abdul Hakam (died 829) wrote biographies and history books, student of Malik ibn Anas
Abu Yusuf (729–798) wrote Usul al-fiqhMuhammad al-Shaybani (749–805)Al-Shafi‘i (767–820) wrote Al-Risala, jurisprudence followed by Sunni and taughtIsmail ibn IbrahimAli ibn al-Madini (778–849) wrote The Book of Knowledge of the CompanionsIbn Hisham (died 833) wrote early history and As-Sirah an-Nabawiyyah, Muhammad's biography
Isma'il ibn Ja'far (719–775)Musa al-Kadhim (745–799)Ahmad ibn Hanbal (780–855) wrote Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal jurisprudence followed by Sunni and hadith booksMuhammad al-Bukhari (810–870) wrote Sahih al-Bukhari hadith booksMuslim ibn al-Hajjaj (815–875) wrote Sahih Muslim hadith booksMuhammad ibn Isa at-Tirmidhi (824–892) wrote Jami` at-Tirmidhi hadith booksAl-Baladhuri (died 892) wrote early history Futuh al-Buldan, Genealogies of the Nobles
Ibn Majah (824–887) wrote Sunan ibn Majah hadith bookAbu Dawood (817–889) wrote Sunan Abu Dawood Hadith Book
Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni (864- 941) wrote Kitab al-Kafi hadith book followed by Twelver ShiaMuhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari (838–923) wrote History of the Prophets and Kings, Tafsir al-TabariAbu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari (874–936) wrote Maqālāt al-islāmīyīn, Kitāb al-luma, Kitāb al-ibāna 'an usūl al-diyāna
Ibn Babawayh (923–991) wrote Man la yahduruhu al-Faqih jurisprudence followed by Twelver ShiaSharif Razi (930–977) wrote Nahj al-Balagha followed by Twelver ShiaNasir al-Din al-Tusi (1201–1274) wrote jurisprudence books followed by Ismaili and Twelver ShiaAl-Ghazali (1058–1111) wrote The Niche for Lights, The Incoherence of the Philosophers, The Alchemy of Happiness on SufismRumi (1207–1273) wrote Masnavi, Diwan-e Shams-e Tabrizi on Sufism
Key: Some of Muhammad's CompanionsKey: Taught in MedinaKey: Taught in IraqKey: Worked in SyriaKey: Travelled extensively collecting the sayings of Muhammad and compiled books of hadithKey: Worked in Iran
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