2010s in science and technology

This article is a summary of the 2010s in science and technology.

Science and technology articles
Decades
Years
Categories
  • 2010
  • 2011
  • 2012
  • 2013
  • 2014
  • 2015
  • 2016
  • 2017
  • 2018
  • 2019

Technology

Transport
  • Billionaire entrepreneur Elon Musk proposes the Hyperloop and releases the plans for free to the world.

Space
  • Spaceflight becomes increasingly privatized, including crewed spaceflight. SpaceX captures a significant share of the commercial launch market with Falcon 9.[1][2] Towards the end of the decade around 100 companies were developing rockets for the small satellite market,[3] some have made test flights and Rocketlab's Electron made multiple commercial flights.[4] SpaceX and Boeing develop commercial crewed spacecraft for orbital flights (Dragon 2, Starliner), first crewed launches are expected in 2020. Blue Origin develops the crewed New Shepard for suborbital flights. Virgin Galactic develops a spacecraft for suborbital flights and performs first crewed flights.
  • NASA Dawn probe is the first spacecraft to orbit two extraterrestrial bodies,[5] the first spacecraft to visit either Vesta or Ceres, and the first to orbit a dwarf planet,[6] arriving at Ceres in March 2015, a few months before New Horizons flew by Pluto in July 2015. Dawn entered orbit around Vesta on July 16, 2011, and completed a 14-month survey mission before leaving for Ceres in late 2012.[7][8] It then entered orbit around Ceres on March 6, 2015.[9][10]

Computing and artificial intelligence
  • In August 2010, Oracle sued Google for copyright and patent infringement over the use of Java-related technology in Google's popular Android operating system for smartphones and tablet computers. Oracle asserted Google was aware that they had developed Android without a Java license and copied its APIs, creating the copyright violation. Oracle cited patents related to the Java technology created by Sun and now owned by Oracle that Google should have been aware of. [24][25]

Software development
  • Collaborative source code sharing website GitHub becomes in 2011 the world's most popular open source hosting site,[26] after in the previous decade attaining the title of the world's most popular Git hosting site.[27]

Physics
  • In 2012, the Higgs boson is discovered, completing the discovery of particles of the Standard Model.[28][29]
  • In 2015–16, gravitational waves are detected for the first time,[30][31] with the rate of detections increasing as the detectors are improved.[32]
  • In 2018, a powerful new electron microscope enables scientists to view individual electrons. [33] [34]
  • In 2019, scientists find a way to view reactions in "dark states" of molecules, i.e. those states that are normally inaccessible. [35]

Robotics and machine learning
  • In 2019, a robot is developed at MIT that can do multiple experiments in fluid dynamics at high speed. [36]

Biology

Organisms
  • Researchers at Harvard report the creation of "cyborg organoids", which consist of 3D organoids grown from stem cells, with embedded sensors to measure activity in the developmental process.[37]

Genetics

Medicine

See also

References
  1. "One Chart Shows How Much SpaceX Has Come to Dominate Rocket Launches". 13 July 2017.
  2. "SpaceX is the No. 1 rocket company by revenue, with $2 billion last year, Jefferies estimates". 20 May 2019.
  3. Clark, Stephen (18 January 2019). "Relativity Space obtains Air Force approval for Cape Canaveral launch pad". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
  4. "Completed missions". Retrieved 6 December 2019.
  5. Rayman, Marc (8 April 2015). Now Appearing At a Dwarf Planet Near You: NASA's Dawn Mission to the Asteroid Belt (Speech). Silicon Valley Astronomy Lectures. Foothill College, Los Altos, CA. Retrieved 2018-07-07.
  6. Siddiqi, Asif A. (2018). Beyond Earth: A Chronicle of Deep Space Exploration, 1958–2016 (PDF). The NASA history series (second ed.). Washington, DC: NASA History Program Office. p. 2. ISBN 9781626830424. LCCN 2017059404. SP2018-4041.
  7. "NASA's Dawn Spacecraft Hits Snag on Trip to 2 Asteroids". Space.com. August 15, 2012. Retrieved August 27, 2012.
  8. "Dawn Gets Extra Time to Explore Vesta". NASA. April 18, 2012. Archived from the original on April 21, 2012. Retrieved April 24, 2012.
  9. Landau, Elizabeth; Brown, Dwayne (March 6, 2015). "NASA Spacecraft Becomes First to Orbit a Dwarf Planet". NASA. Retrieved March 6, 2015.
  10. Rayman, Marc (March 6, 2015). "Dawn Journal: Ceres Orbit Insertion!". Planetary Society. Retrieved March 6, 2015.
  11. "ITU – Statistics". Retrieved 9 December 2019.
  12. "Number of smartphones sold to end users worldwide from 2007 to 2020". Retrieved 9 December 2019.
  13. "Smartphones, streaming & social media: Tech that shaped us in the 2010s". 4 December 2019.
  14. "Journey – Waymo".
  15. Say hello to Waymo
  16. Encalada, Debbie (December 14, 2016). "Google Confirms First Ever Driverless Self-Driving Car Ride". Complex Media.
  17. Matt Warman (21 May 2012). "Google Chrome beats Internet Explorer to become world's most popular web browser". Telegraph. Retrieved 27 May 2012.
  18. Hartnett, Kevin (June 18, 2019). "A New Law to Describe Quantum Computing's Rise?". Quanta Magazine.
  19. "Quantum Supremacy Using a Programmable Superconducting Processor". 23 October 2019. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
  20. "Google claims 'quantum supremacy' for computer". BBC News. 23 October 2019. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
  21. Gibney, Elizabeth (23 October 2019). "Hello quantum world! Google publishes landmark quantum supremacy claim". Nature. 574 (7779): 461–462. Bibcode:2019Natur.574..461G. doi:10.1038/d41586-019-03213-z. PMID 31645740.
  22. Arute, Frank; et al. (23 October 2019). "Quantum supremacy using a programmable superconducting processor". Nature. 574 (7779): 505–510. Bibcode:2019Natur.574..505A. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1666-5. PMID 31645734.
  23. "On "Quantum Supremacy"". IBM. 21 October 2019. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
  24. "Oracle sues Google over Android". Reuters. August 13, 2010. Archived from the original on January 12, 2015. Retrieved June 1, 2012.
  25. Krazit, Tom (August 13, 2010). "Oracle sues Google over Android and Java". CNet. Retrieved March 28, 2018.
  26. Klint Finley (2 Jun 2011). "GitHub Has Surpassed Sourceforge and Google Code in Popularity". ReadWriteWeb. Archived from the original on 2012-05-30. Retrieved 26 May 2012.
  27. "Git User's Survey 2009".
  28. O'Luanaigh, C. (14 March 2013). "New results indicate that new particle is a Higgs boson". CERN. Retrieved 2013-10-09.
  29. "LHC experiments delve deeper into precision". Media and Press relations (Press release). CERN. 11 July 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-23.
  30. "Gravitational Waves Detected 100 Years After Einstein's Prediction". LIGO. 11 February 2016. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
  31. Abbott, B.P.; et al. (2016). "Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger". Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 (6): 061102. arXiv:1602.03837. Bibcode:2016PhRvL.116f1102A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.061102. PMID 26918975.
  32. "Black Holes Slamming Together Officially 'Routine'". 16 November 2017.
  33. [https://www.techtimes.com/articles/232504/20180720/powerful-new-electron-microscope-now-allows-scientists-to-view-individual-electrons.htm Powerful New Electron Microscope Now Allows Scientists To View Individual Electrons 20 July 2018, 6:41 am EDT By Nicole Arce.
  34. Electron ptychography of 2D materials to deep sub-ångström resolution, Published: 18 July 2018, Yi Jiang, Zhen Chen, Yimo Han, Pratiti Deb, Hui Gao, Saien Xie, Prafull Purohit, Mark W. Tate, Jiwoong Park, Sol M. Gruner, Veit Elser & David A. Muller.
  35. Catching fast changes in excited molecules, phys.org, April 10, 2019.
  36. Intelligent tow tank automatically carries out 100,000 experiments in just one year, by Bob Yirka, DECEMBER 5, 2019.
  37. "Cyborg organoids offer rare view into early stages of development". Harvard. 8 August 2019. Retrieved 12 August 2019.
  38. Hoshika, Shuichi; et al. (22 February 2019). "Hachimoji DNA and RNA: A genetic system with eight building blocks (paywall)". Science. 363 (6429): 884–887. doi:10.1126/science.aat0971. PMC 6413494. PMID 30792304.
  39. Zimmer, Carl (21 February 2019). "DNA Gets a New – and Bigger – Genetic Alphabet". The New York Times. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
  40. Belluz, Julia (4 March 2019). "CRISPR babies: the Chinese government may have known more than it let on". Vox. Retrieved 6 March 2019.
  41. Regalado, Antonio (21 February 2019). "China's CRISPR twins might have had their brains inadvertently enhanced". MIT Technology Review. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
  42. "Engineers create an inhalable form of messenger RNA". MIT News. 4 January 2019. Retrieved 9 January 2019.
  43. University of Warwick (3 February 2019). "Simply shining light on dinosaur metal compound kills cancer cells". EurekAlert!. Retrieved 3 February 2019.
  44. Zhang, Pingyu; et al. (15 December 2018). "Nucleus‐Targeted Organoiridium–Albumin Conjugate for Photodynamic Cancer Therapy". Angewandte Chemie. 58 (8): 2350–2354. doi:10.1002/anie.201813002. PMC 6468315. PMID 30552796.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.