1599
1599 (MDXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. As of the start of 1599, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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| Centuries: | |
| Decades: | |
| Years: |
| 1599 by topic |
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| Arts and science |
| Leaders |
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| Birth and death categories |
| Births – Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Works category |
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| Gregorian calendar | 1599 MDXCIX |
| Ab urbe condita | 2352 |
| Armenian calendar | 1048 ԹՎ ՌԽԸ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6349 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1520–1521 |
| Bengali calendar | 1006 |
| Berber calendar | 2549 |
| English Regnal year | 41 Eliz. 1 – 42 Eliz. 1 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2143 |
| Burmese calendar | 961 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7107–7108 |
| Chinese calendar | 戊戌年 (Earth Dog) 4295 or 4235 — to — 己亥年 (Earth Pig) 4296 or 4236 |
| Coptic calendar | 1315–1316 |
| Discordian calendar | 2765 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1591–1592 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5359–5360 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1655–1656 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1520–1521 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4699–4700 |
| Holocene calendar | 11599 |
| Igbo calendar | 599–600 |
| Iranian calendar | 977–978 |
| Islamic calendar | 1007–1008 |
| Japanese calendar | Keichō 4 (慶長４年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1519–1520 |
| Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 10 days |
| Korean calendar | 3932 |
| Minguo calendar | 313 before ROC 民前313年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | 131 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2141–2142 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阳土狗年 (male Earth-Dog) 1725 or 1344 or 572 — to — 阴土猪年 (female Earth-Pig) 1726 or 1345 or 573 |
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Events
January–June
- January 8 – The Jesuit educational plan, known as the Ratio Studiorum, is issued.
- March 12 – Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, is appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, by Queen Elizabeth I of England.
- April 23 – The Earl of Essex arrives in Dublin at the head of 16,000 troops, the largest army ever seen in Ireland.
- May 16 – The Kalmar Bloodbath takes place in Kalmar, Sweden.
- May 29 – Essex takes Cahir Castle, supposedly the strongest in Ireland, after a short siege.
- June 20 – The Synod of Diamper is convened.
July–December
- July – Second Dutch Expedition to Indonesia: A Dutch fleet returns to Amsterdam, carrying 600,000 pounds of pepper and 250,000 pounds of cloves and nutmeg.
- July 24 – Swedish King Sigismund III Vasa is dethroned by his uncle Duke Charles, who takes over as regent of the realm until 1604, when he becomes King Charles IX.
- August 15 – First Battle of Curlew Pass: Irish forces defeat the English.
- September 21 – The first reported performance at the Globe Theatre in London (erected over Spring/Summer), a presentation of Shakespeare's Julius Caesar (probably new to that year), is recorded by Swiss traveller Thomas Platter the Younger.
- September 28 – The Earl of Essex arrives back in England, disobeying the Queen's strict orders.
- October 18 – Battle of Sellenberk: Michael the Brave, Prince of Wallachia, defeats the army of Andrew Báthory near Șelimbăr, leading to the first recorded unification of the Romanians.
- November 10 – The Åbo Bloodbath takes place in Åbo, Swedish Finland.
- November – Persian embassy to Europe (1599–1602): A Persian embassy arrives in Moscow.
- December 19 – The forces of Minye Thihathu II of Toungoo and his ally Min Razagyi of the Kingdom of Mrauk U end the First Toungoo Empire by capturing Pegu (modern-day Bago, Myanmar).
Date unknown
- The first Capuchin friar is entombed in the Catacombe dei Cappuccini in Palermo (Sicily).
Births
January–March
Saint John Berchmans
- January 22 – Robert Petre, 3rd Baron Petre, English baron (d. 1638)
- January 31 – Juraj V Zrinski, Ban of Croatia (d. 1626)
- February 12
- Duke Friedrich of Saxe-Altenburg, third son of Duke Friedrich Wilhelm I of Saxe-Weimar (d. 1625)
- Thomas Whitmore, English lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons (d. 1677)
- February 13 – Pope Alexander VII (d. 1667)
- March 1 – John Mennes, English Royal Navy admiral (d. 1671)
- March 3 – Juan Alfonso Enríquez de Cabrera, Viceroy of Sicily and Viceroy of Naples (d. 1647)
- March 13 – John Berchmans, Belgian Jesuit scholastic and saint (d. 1621)
- March 22 – Anthony van Dyck, Flemish painter (d. 1641)
- March 23 – Thomas Selle, German baroque composer (d. 1663)
- March 28 – Witte de With, famous Dutch naval officer of the 17th century (d. 1658)
April–June
- April 9 – Sir Thomas Mauleverer, 1st Baronet (d. 1655)
- April 17 – Patrick Fleming, Irish Franciscan friar and scholar (murdered) (d. 1631)
- April 25 – Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland (d. 1658)
- May 16 – Nicolaes Olycan, Dutch businessman (d. 1639)
- May 30 – Samuel Bochart, French Protestant biblical scholar (d. 1667)
- June 1 – Elizabeth Lucretia, Duchess of Cieszyn, Duchess suo jure of Cieszyn (d. 1653)
- June 6 – Diego Velázquez, Spanish painter (d. 1660)
July–September
- July 23 – Stephanius, Danish historian (d. 1650)
- July 27 – Albert IV, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach (1640–1644) (d. 1644)
- August 11 – Christian II, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg (1630–1656) (d. 1656)
- August 13 – Johannes Buxtorf II, Swiss theologian (d. 1664)
- August 14 – Méric Casaubon, English classicist (d. 1671)
- August 16 – Diego López Pacheco, 7th Duke of Escalona, Spanish noble (d. 1653)
- August 22 – Agatha Marie of Hanau, German noblewoman (d. 1636)
- September 7 – Jacob Westerbaen, Dutch poet (d. 1670)
- September 20 – Christian, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg-Wolfenbüttel, German Protestant military leader (d. 1626)
- September 24 – Adam Olearius, German scholar (d. 1671)
- September 25 – Francesco Borromini, Swiss sculptor and architect (d. 1667)
- September 30 – Frances Seymour, Duchess of Somerset (d. 1674)
October–December
- October 10
- Samuel Clarke, English writer and priest (d. 1683)
- Étienne Moulinié, French Baroque composer (d. 1676)
- October 11 – Abraham de Fabert, Marshal of France (d. 1662)
- October 15 – Cornelis de Graeff, Dutch mayor (d. 1664)
- October 28 – Marie of the Incarnation, French foundress of the Ursuline Monastery in Quebec (d. 1672)
- October 31 – Denzil Holles, 1st Baron Holles, English statesman and writer (d. 1680)
- November 5 – Carlo Emanuele Madruzzo, Italian prince-bishop (d. 1658)
- November 11
- Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg, German princess and queen consort of Sweden (d. 1655)
- Ottavio Piccolomini, Austrian-Italian field marshal (d. 1656)
- November 13 – Otto Christoph von Sparr, German general (d. 1668)
- November 15 – Werner Rolfinck, German physician, chemist, botanist and philosopher (d. 1673)
- November 29 – Peter Heylin, English ecclesiastic and author of many polemical works (d. 1662)
- November 30 – Andrea Sacchi, Italian painter of High Baroque Classicism (d. 1661)
- December 2
- Thomas Bruce, 1st Earl of Elgin, Scottish nobleman (d. 1663)
- Alexander Daniell, sole proprietor of the Manor of Alverton, Cornwall (d. 1668)
- December 11 – Pieter Codde, Dutch painter (d. 1678)
- December 14 – Charles Berkeley, 2nd Viscount Fitzhardinge, English politician (d. 1668)
- December 16 – Jacques Vallée, Sieur Des Barreaux, French poet (d. 1673)
- December 20 – Niels Trolle, Governor General of Norway (d. 1667)
- December 29 – Gabriel Bucelin, German historian (d. 1681)
Date unknown
- John Alden, English settler of Plymouth Colony (d. 1687)
- Stefan Czarniecki, Polish military commander (d. 1665)
- Lucy Hay, Countess of Carlisle, English courtier (d. 1660)
- Charlotte Stanley, Countess of Derby defender of Latham House (d. 1664)
- Jirgalang, Qing Dynasty prince (d. 1655)
Deaths
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- January 13 – Edmund Spenser, English poet (b. 1552)
- January 22 – Cristofano Malvezzi, Italian composer (b. 1547)
- February 8 – Robert Rollock, Scottish Presbyterian, first principal of the university of Edinburgh (b. 1555)
- March 19 – Stanisław Radziwiłł, Grand Marshal of Lithuania (b. 1559)
- April 10 – Gabrielle d'Estrées, mistress of King Henry IV of France (b. 1573)
- April 14 – Henry Wallop, English statesman (b. c. 1540)
- April 22 – Lorenz Scholz von Rosenau, German botanist (b. 1552)
- April 27 – Maeda Toshiie, Japanese samurai and warlord (b. 1538)
- May 12 – Sultan Murad Mirza, Mughal prince (b. 1570)
- May 28 – Maria of Nassau, Dutch Countess (b. 1539)
- June 2 – Philipp V, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg (b. 1541)
- June 14 – Kōriki Masanaga, Japanese military commander (b. 1558)
- June 29 – Archduchess Catherine Renata of Austria, Austrian archduchess (b. 1576)
- July – Kwon Yul, Korean military commander (b. 1537)
- July 11 – Chōsokabe Motochika, Japanese Sengoku Period daimyō
- August 22 – Luca Marenzio, Italian composer (b. 1553)
- September 1 – Cornelis de Houtman, Dutch explorer (b.1565)
- September 11 – Beatrice Cenci, Italian noblewoman (executed for patricide) (b. 1577)
- August 8 – Song Ik-pil, Korean scholar (b. 1534)
- October 18 – Daniel Adam z Veleslavína, Czech lexicographer (b. 1546)
- November 3 – Andrew Báthory, deposed Prince of Transylvania (decapitated) (b. c. 1563)
- November 7 – Gasparo Tagliacozzi, Italian surgeon (b. 1545)
- November 8 – Francisco Guerrero, Spanish composer (b. 1528)
- November 22 – Nanbu Nobunao, Japanese daimyō (b. 1546)
- December 13 – Enrico Caetani, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1550)
- December 14 – Joan Boyle, English noble, first spouse of Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork (b. 1578)
- December 27 – Francisco Pérez de Valenzuela, Spanish noble (b. 1528)
- After December 18 – Minye Kyawswa II of Ava, Burmese defecting crown prince of the Toungoo Empire (killed by invading forces) (b. 1567)
- date unknown – Chand Bibi, Indian regent and warrior (b. 1550)
References
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