Zaraï

Zaraï
Zarai was near the Fossatum Africae, that marked the border between the Roman controlled Africa and the barbarian tribes. East of the Fossatum there was a partial Latinisation of the society
Shown within Algeria
Location Algeria
Region Sétif Province
Coordinates 35°48′03″N 5°40′39″E / 35.800833°N 5.6775°E / 35.800833; 5.6775

Zaraï was a Roman–Berber town in the province of Numidia. It was located in the present-day Aïn Oulmene, Algeria.

History

Zarai is mentioned in the Itinerarium Antonini, 35, and in the Tabula Peutingeriana. Ptolemy [1] calls it Zaratha, and wrongly places it in Mauretania Caesariensis.

It is probably the Zaratha of Apuleius.[2] These two forms and the term "Zaraitani" found in an inscription[3] seem to indicate that the name Zaraï which appears on another inscription[4] must have lost a final letter.

Zarai was protected after emperor Hadrian started the construction of a wall similar to the one with his name in Roman Britannia, by one of the sections of the Fossatum Africae: the Hodna or Bou Taleb section. This section begins near the north-east slopes of the Hodna Mountains, heads south following the foothills then east towards Zaraï, and doubles back westward to enclose the eastern end of the Hodna mountains, standing between them and the Roman settlements of Cellas and Macri. The length of this segment is about 100 km. It probably criss-crossed the ancient border between Numidia and Mauretania Sitifensis.

The frontier post stood at Zarai, the limit in this direction of the area for which the Third Augustan Legion was responsible. Zarai became a Roman town, of which considerable remains have survived. About 213 A.D. it ceased to be garrisoned, probably because the land round about had become peaceful, though it was still exposed to occasional raids from the desert. The district between Lambaesis and Zarai has preserved many traces of communities founded by veteran soldiers, who turned to agriculture after their service was over.... From Zarai two great routes ran into Mauretania, one proceeding in a north-westerly direction, and passing through the important city of Sitifis, the other taking a southerly line. Both roads met at Auzia (Aumale in Algeria). They ran through districts which were to a large extent occupied by estates of the emperors. -- James Reid

The Byzantines fortified the city as the western border town of their possessions in Africa. With the Arab conquest of Roman Africa the small city of Zarai disappeared.

The ruins of Zarai, called Henshir Zaria, to the south-east of Sétif in Algeria, crown an eminence which commands all the country on the left bank of the Oued Taourlatent, which the Arabs in the Middle Ages called Oued Zaraoua.[5]

Location

The ruins of Zaraï are called "Henshir Zraïa", and are found inside the municipality of Ain Oulmene. They lie to the south-east of Setif in Algeria, crowning an eminence which overlooks all the country on the left bank of the Oued Taourlatent. The Arabs in the Middle Ages called it Oued Zaraoua. Remains of a Byzantine citadel and of two Christian basilicas are still visible.[6]

Bishopric

Zarai was the seat of a Bishopric, and one of the key cities of the Donatist controversy. The remains of a Byzantine citadel and of two Catholic basilicas are still visible.[5] Three bishops of Zaraï are known from antiquity:

Titular bishops: the bishopric remains a titular see with the following bishops appointed:

  • Edmond Alfred Dardel (23 Aug 1889 Appointed – 21 Mar 1890)
  • Esteban Sánchez de las Heras (15 Jan 1895 Appointed – 21 Jun 1896)
  • Jerome-Josse Van Aertselaer (7 May 1898 Appointed – 12 Jan 1924)
  • Félix Bilbao y Ugarriza (23 Apr 1924 Appointed – 14 Dec 1925)
  • Enrique María Dubuc Moreno (10 May 1926 Appointed – 26 Sep 1926)
  • Jan Stavel (29 Apr 1927 Appointed – 6 Nov 1938)
  • Vince Kovács (20 Jul 1940 Appointed – 15 Mar 1974)
  • Benito Cocchi (12 Dec 1974 Appointed – 22 May 1982)
  • José Sebastián Laboa Gallego (18 Dec 1982 Appointed – 24 Oct 2002)
  • Assis Lopes (22 Jan 2003 Appointed – )

Notes

  1. ↑ IV. 2.
  2. ↑ Apologia, 23.
  3. ↑ Corp. Inscript. Lat. 4511.
  4. ↑ Corp. Inscript. 2532.
  5. 1 2 3 Zarai at Catholic encyclopedia.org.
  6. ↑ "Zarai, on Catholic Encyclopaedia". newadvent.org. Retrieved 2016-03-30.

Bibliography

  • Reid, James. The Municipalities of the Roman Empire. University of London. London, 1913 (reprint. ISBN 9781107683082)
  • P. Trousset (2002). Les limites sud de la réoccupation Byzantine. Antiquité Tardive v. 10, p. 143-150.

See also

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "article name needed". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton.

Coordinates: 35°48′03″N 5°40′39″E / 35.80083°N 5.67750°E / 35.80083; 5.67750

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