Yaogan
Yaogan (Chinese: 遥感式卫星; pinyin: yáogǎnshì wèixīng; literally: "Remote Sensing Type Satellite"; sometimes written YaoGan) refers to a series of Chinese reconnaissance satellites launched in the early 21st century.
Chinese media describe the satellites as intended for "scientific experiments, land survey, crop yield assessment, and disaster monitoring". Western analysts suspect that they are also used for military purposes.[1] Analysts believe that each satellite employs either optical or synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensors and that the SAR satellites are of the Jian Bing-5 series.[2]
The SAR satellite was developed by the Shanghai Academy of Space Flight Technology(SAST). The electro-optical digital imaging satellite was developed by the China Academy of Space Technology (CAST). It is carried into space atop a Chang Zheng (Long March) rocket.[3]
Yaogan satellites have been launched from both the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center in China's northern Shanxi province and the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in China's northwestern Gansu province.[4]
Launches
Yaogan 1 is believed to have broken up around February 4, 2010 almost four years after it was launched. Because of the small number of pieces and low orbital speeds, it was likely due to an internal explosion, not a high-speed collision.[5]
Name | Military designation |
Launch date |
Believed type |
Approximate orbit | NORAD ID |
COSPAR designator |
Contractor | Launch site | Launcher |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yaogan 1 | JB-5-1 | April 27, 2006 | SAR | 635–637 km, 97.9 degrees | 29092 | 2006-015A | SAST | Taiyuan | Long March 4B |
Yaogan 2 | JB-6-1 | May 25, 2007 | Optical | 639–663 km, 97.9 degrees | 31490 | 2007-019A | CAST | Jiuquan | Long March 2D |
Yaogan 3 | JB-5-2 | November 12, 2007 | SAR | 635–637 km, 97.8 degrees | 32289 | 2007-055A | SAST | Taiyuan | Long March 4C |
Yaogan 4 | JB-6-2 | December 1, 2008 | Optical | 642–660 km, 97.9 degrees | 33446 | 2008-061A | CAST | Jiuquan | Long March 2D |
Yaogan 5 | JB-10-1 | December 15, 2008 | Optical | 494–501 km, 97.3 degrees | 33456 | 2008-064A | CAST | Taiyuan | Long March 4B |
Yaogan 6 | JB-7-1 | April 22, 2009 | SAR | 518–519 km, 97.6 degrees | 34839 | 2009-021A | SAST | Taiyuan | Long March 2C |
Yaogan 7 | JB-6-3 | December 9, 2009 | Optical | 630–666 km, 97.8 degrees | 36110 | 2009-069A | CAST | Jiuquan | Long March 2D |
Yaogan 8 | JB-9-1 | December 15, 2009 | Optical | 1200–1212 km, 100.5 degrees | 36121 | 2009-072A | SAST | Taiyuan | Long March 4C |
Yaogan 9A, 9B, 9C | JB-8-1 | March 5, 2010 | Probable ELINT | 1089–1107 km, 63.4 degrees (Orbit of Yaogan 9C) |
36413 36414 36415 |
2010-009A 2010-009B 2010-009C |
CAST | Jiuquan | Long March 4C |
Yaogan 10 | JB-5-3 | August 10, 2010 | SAR | 629–627 km, 97.8 degrees | 36834 | 2010-038A | SAST | Taiyuan | Long March 4C |
Yaogan 11 | JB-6-4 | September 22, 2010 | Optical | 670–625 km, 98.0 degrees | 37165 | 2010-047A | CAST | Jiuquan | Long March 2D |
Yaogan 12 | JB-10-2 | November 9, 2011 | Optical | 479–495 km, 97.3 degrees | 37875 | 2011-066B | CAST | Taiyuan | Long March 4B |
Yaogan 13 | JB-7-2 | November 30, 2011 | SAR | 502–504 km, 97.4 degrees | 37941 | 2011-072A | SAST | Taiyuan | Long March 2C |
Yaogan 14 | JB-11-1 | May 10, 2012 | Optical | 471–474 km, 97.3 degrees | 38257 | 2012-021A | CAST | Taiyuan | Long March 4B |
Yaogan 15 | JB-9-2 | May 29, 2012 | Optical | 1198–1204 km, 100.2 degrees | 38354 | 2012-029A | SAST | Taiyuan | Long March 4C |
Yaogan 16A, 16B, 16C | JB-8-2 | November 25, 2012 | Probable ELINT | 1085–1096 km, 63.4 degrees | 39011 39012 39013 |
2012-066A 2012-066B 2012-066C |
CAST | Jiuquan | Long March 4C |
Yaogan 17A, 17B, 17C | JB-8-3 | September 1, 2013 | Probable ELINT | 1060–1119 km, 63.4 degrees | 39239 39240 39241 |
2013-046A 2013-046B 2013-046C |
SAST | Jiuquan | Long March 4C |
Yaogan 18 | JB-7-3 | October 29, 2013 | SAR | 509 km, 97.5 degrees | 39363 | 2013-059A | SAST | Taiyuan | Long March 2C |
Yaogan 19 | JB-9-3 | November 20, 2013 | Optical | 1119–1204 km, 100.4 degrees | 39410 | 2013-065A | SAST | Taiyuan | Long March 4C |
Yaogan 20A, 20B, 20C | JB-8-4 | August 9, 2014 | Probable ELINT | 1086–1092 km, 63.4 degrees | 40109 40110 40111 |
2014-047A 2014-047B 2014-047C |
CAST | Jiuquan | Long March 4C |
Yaogan 21 | JB-10-3 | September 8, 2014 | Optical | 481–492 km, 97.4 degrees | 40143 | 2014-053A | CAST | Taiyuan | Long March 4B |
Yaogan 22 | JB-9-4 | October 20, 2014 | Optical | 1198–1207 km, 100.3 degrees | 40275 | 2014-063A | SAST | Taiyuan | Long March 4C |
Yaogan 23 | JB-7-4 | November 14, 2014 | SAR | 510–514 km, 97.3 degrees | 40305 | 014-071A | SAST | Taiyuan | Long March 2C |
Yaogan 24 | JB 6-5 | November 20, 2014 | Optical | 629–654 km, 97.9 degrees | 40310 | 2014-072A | CAST | Jiuquan | Long March 2D |
Yaogan 25A, 25B, 25C | JB-8-5 | December 10, 2014 | Probable ELINT | 1091–1098 km, 63.4 degrees | 40338 40339 40340 |
2014-080A 2014-080B 2014-080C |
CAST | Jiuquan | Long March 4C |
Yaogan 26 | JB-12-1 | December 27, 2014 | Optical | 482–488 km, 97.4 degrees | 40362 | 2014-088A | CAST | Taiyuan | Long March 4B |
Yaogan 27 | JB-9-5 | August 27, 2015 | Optical | 1201–1214 km, 100.4 degrees | 40878 | 2015-040A | SAST | Taiyuan | Long March 4C |
Yaogan 28 | JB-11-2 | November 8, 2015 | Optical | 476–490 km, 97.3 degrees | 41026 | 2015-064A | CAST | Taiyuan | Long March 4B |
Yaogan 29 | November 26, 2015 | SAR | 635–636 km, 97.9 degrees | 41038 | 2015-069A | SAST | Taiyuan | Long March 4C | |
Yaogan 30 | JB 6-6 | May 15, 2016 | Optical | 634–664 km, 98.0 degrees | 41473 | 2016-029A | CAST | Jiuquan | Long March 2D |
Yaogan 30A, 30B, 30C | September 29, 2017 | Probable ELINT | 602–611 km, 35 degrees | 42945 42946 42947 |
2017-058A 2017-058B 2017-058C |
Jiuquan | Long March 2C | ||
Yaogan 30D, 30E, 30F | November 24, 2017 | Probable electro-optical | 603–610 km, 35 degrees | 43028 43029 43030 |
2017-075A 2017-075B 2017-075C |
Jiuquan | Long March 2D | ||
Yaogan 30G, 30H, 30J | December 25, 2017 | Probable ELINT | 602–610 km, 35 degrees | 43081 43082 43083 |
2017-085A 2017-085B 2017-085C |
Xichang | Long March 2C | ||
Yaogan 30K, 30L, 30M | January 25, 2018 | Probable ELINT | 602–610 km, 35 degrees | 43170 43171 43172 |
2018-011A 2018-011B 2018-011C |
Xichang | Long March 2C | ||
Yaogan 31A, 31B, 31C | April 10, 2018 | Probable ELINT | 1085–1110 km, 63.4 degrees | 43275 43276 43277 |
2018-034A 2018-034B 2018-034C |
Jiuquan | Long March 4C | ||
Yaogan 32A, 32B | October 9, 2018 | Probable ELINT | 43642 43643 |
2018-077A 2018-077B |
Jiuquan | Long March 2C/YZ-1S | |||
Table data sourced from previously cited references, "CalSky". Web site. CalSky.com. Retrieved 2016-11-09. and "Real Time Satellite Tracking". Web site. N2YO.com. Retrieved 2016-11-09. |
See also
References
- ↑ Barbosa, Rui C. (April 22, 2009). "Chinese launch again with YaoGan Weixing-6 remote sensing satellite". News article. NasaSpaceflight.com. Retrieved 2009-04-23.
- ↑ "YaoGan Weixing / Remote Sensing Satellites". Web article. SinoDefence.com. February 20, 2009. Retrieved 2009-04-24.
- ↑ "China launches "Yaogan VI" remote-sensing satellite". News article. Xinhua. April 22, 2009. Retrieved 2009-04-24.
- ↑ "China Launches Yaogan-4 Satellite". Magazine article. Asian Surveying and Mapping. December 2, 2008. Retrieved 2009-04-24.
- ↑ "Yaogan 1 Erupts". Arms Control Wonk. February 11, 2010. Retrieved 2010-02-11.